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PubMed1984

[Loss of specific membrane receptors during the interphase death of thymus cells].

Thymic cells of the white rats were incubated in medium 199 with isologous sera. A dose-dependent decrease in number of membrane receptors to autologous red blood cells, alongside with nuclear pyknosis and maesophage adhesion, were noted during the first 6 hours after gamma-irradiation at the doses up to 8 Gy. A decline of rosette-forming ability preceded the process of massive nuclear pyknosis. A conclusion is made on a possible interrelation between the membrane and nuclear pathology after radiation treatment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Silver staining of the nucleolus organizer regions in the interphase cells of an embryonic pig kidney culture during and after administration actinomycin D].

Silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions was used for studying their structural alterations during inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis by actinomycin D and after its removal in pig kidney cells. Three nuclear types were revealed from the pattern of restored silver grains distribution in the nuclei. When the inhibitor was removed, nuclear multitype gradually disappeared for 24 hours and nuclear RNA synthesis became normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The structure of inactive interphase macronuclear chromatin of the ciliate Bursaria truncatella. Radial loops in the structure of chromatin clumps.

The organization of chromatin in macronuclei of Bursaria truncatella cells that completed their growth and differentiation was electron microscopically studied. The data obtained showed that (1) inactive macronuclear chromatin was organized in compact chromatin clumps 120 to 180 nm in diameter linked by one or several chromatin fibres, and (2) in low salt buffer the chromatin clumps gradually unraveled, radial loops of supranucleosomal or, more often, nucleosomal structure appearing around chromatin clumps. Upon prolonged incubation in low salt buffer chromatin clumps were completely transformed into nucleosomal fibres. The data obtained evidenced in favour of a loop-packed structure of chromatin clumps.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Analysis of the structure and distribution of chromatin in interphase nuclei of different cell types from a pleural effusion of tumoral origin in man. Cytophotometric and electron microscopic studies].

The authors have studied the distribution and the structure of the chromatin in the different cell types from a human pleural effusion of tumoral origin (mammary adenocarcinoma). The results show that in the entire nuclei the distribution and the structure of the chromatin cannot be considered as characteristic morphological features of the cells of the same cellular type. Thus making a clear distinction among differentiating cells and cells in DNA synthesis or in G2 period, only based on these properties of the chromatin, is very debatable. On the other hand, the distribution and the structure of the chromatin permit to characterize the different cell types in G1 period. The authors discuss the possible differential cytological diagnosis of the smears from human effusions of tumoral origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Use of the method of double labeling with H3 and C14-thymidine for identification of cells in different periods of interphase].

For the identification of the position of individual cells in G1, S- and G2-periods of mitotic cycle in any heteroploid cell culture, it is suggested to use the Wimber and Quastler radioautographical method of double labeling of cells. It was shown that independent of the basal polidy of the cells by the successive impulse labeling of the cells with H3- and C14-thymidine with the time interval as long as G2 + M, the cells of the G1-period are unlabeled, S-cells are double labeled with C14- and C14 + H3, and G2-cells have only H3-label.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Interphase chromatin of the peripheral blood cells of patients with a chronic form of myeloid leukemia (Ph+)].

It was shown with labeled AO cytofluorometry using the authors' modification of DNP cell thermal denaturation that in untreated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the blast crisis phase, the melting profiles of peripheral blood cell chromatin were "unclassified", strictly individual in nature (unlike the identical parameter in healthy subjects) that may attest to regulatory disturbances of the genetic apparatus. The demonstration of the "normalization" of the melting profiles of chromatin in CML patients during the clinico-hematological compensation of the disease makes it possible to suggest that luminescent fluorometry (in the authors' modification of DNP cell thermal denaturation) should be used for the treatment of hemoblastoses in order to study the genesis and time-course of the diseases running their course with remissions and as criterion of drug therapy of these diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular mechanisms of interphase death of lymphoid cells. Distribution of nuclease attack sites in chromatin and kinetic complexity of DNA in PDN].

On the basis of a quantitative correlation between single--and double-helix fragments of different length within PDN, a study was made of the pattern of distribution of the sites, attacked by nuclease, in the chromatin. It was shown that under the effect of ionizing radiation products of enzymic digestion of the chromatin. It was shown that under the effect of ionizing radiation products of enzymic digestion of the chromatin accumulated in thymocytes due to internucleosome degradation were excised from randomly localized genome sites. The analysis of the reassociation curves did not reveal distinctions in the kinetic complexity of the fractions of PDN and total DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Interphase chromatin of human cells with diploid and haploid genomes].

A study was made of the chromatin structure of mature sperm cells from healthy males aged 25 to 40 using fluorescent microscopy and acridine orange staining according to the DNP cell thermal denaturation technique modified by the authors. It was shown that normal human sperm cell chromatin melting profiles represent uniform curves with maxima in the following temperature ranges: 43 (+/- 2) degrees, 55 (+/- 1) degrees, 67 (+/- 2) degrees, 77 (+/- 1) degrees, 82 (+/- 0.5) degrees, 89 (+/- 1) degrees, 92 (+/- 2) degrees (P less than 0.01), that are identical to those obtained with lymphocytes of healthy males with certain deviations from the standard normal variant. No heteromorphism was revealed in the sperm cell chromatin. Marked polymorphism in the chromatin structure occurs but at the diploid cell level. A 10-time decrease in the fluorescence of AO bound with sperm cell chromatin as compared to F530 AO bound with lymphocyte chromatin structure of the same individual supports the data on the over condensation of sperm cell nuclear chromatin as compared to that in lymphocytes.

Chromatin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the radiosensitivity of normal and regenerating tissues. 1. Interphase cell death and degree of aplasia of regenerating and normal bone marrow and spleen tissues in C57Bl mice].

A comparative study of radiosensitivity of cells of normal and regenerating tissues of bone marrow and spleen has demonstrated that single exposure to X-rays produces a lesser damaging effect on regenerating tissues than on normal ones. The data obtained indicate that the increase in radioresistance of the organism during active regeneration of the haemopoietic organs is due not merely to the increase in the dividing cell pool of these organs but also to qualitative changes in their functional state.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the proteins present in HeLa cell interphase nucleoskeletons and metaphase chromosome scaffolds.

The nucleoskeleton, a macromolecular complex whose major structural elements are DNA and protein, is purported to be at least in part responsible for the gross morphology of the nucleus. This structure can be isolated from the nuclei of cells in all stages of the cell cycle with the exception of mitosis when no nuclei are present. We had previously proposed that during mitosis, the nucleoskeletal elements are reorganized and become part of mitotic chromosomes (Keller, J. M., and Riley, D. E. (1976) Science 193, 399-401). In order to test this possibility, we have compared the proteins of the nucleoskeleton to chromosomal proteins of similar solubility by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by peptide mapping. We have found that the major proteins of the nucleoskeleton are also major proteins of the chromosome scaffold. In addition, our data indicate that at least two of the nucleoskeletal proteins may be modified during the transition of the cell into mitosis. These data suggest that the nuclear dissolution associated with open mitosis is accompanied by a gross rearrangement of the nucleoskeletal elements to form components of metaphase chromosomes. This reorganization may be triggered by modification of several of the nucleoskeletal proteins. These observations appear to distinguish the nucleoskeletal proteins from the major nuclear lamina proteins which have been shown by others to be dispersed throughout the cell at mitosis.

Cell Nucleus↗