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PubMed1984

Spontaneous self-hypnosis in multiple personality disorder.

The authors posits that the central mechanisms in cases of multiple personality appears to be spontaneous self-hypnosis. As the syndrome is a product of hypnosis and as excellent hypnotic subjects are potentially able to induce a variety of psychiatric symptoms, these patients report many symptoms referable to other major syndromes. This accounts for the many diagnoses attributable to them. The study of multiple personalities offers insights into the capabilities of hypnosis, the genesis of an unconscious, and the mechanism of repression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

How Oedipus falsifies Popper: psychoanalysis as a normative science.

The scientific status of psychoanalysis has been the subject of continual debate. Influential philosophers of science have challenged the form of its theories and the nature of the evidence offered on their behalf. Some have concluded that the theories are beyond testing--i.e., they can neither be confirmed nor refuted, and psychoanalysis is thus intrinsically unscientific, akin to pseudosciences such as astrology. From that body of criticism, I have chosen for examination and rebuttal the issue of falsifiability. I refute the charge that psychoanalysis is not scientific because its theories are not "falsifiable." On the contrary, I show that psychoanalysis contains theories which make strong and unequivocal statements that are subject to the test of possible falsification. This capacity has been concealed and the falsifiability criticism rendered plausible because of the normative judgments which are latent in discussions of human development and human society. In explicating these judgments, I will move from the philosophy of science to the anthropology and sociology of science (and of the professions). The normative character of psychoanalytic science reinforces the ethical code of the therapeutic profession, a combination which imposes a disciplinary rigidity of the theoretical system.

Behavior↗
PubMed1983

Attitudes among adolescents in a Swedish city toward some sexual crimes.

Using data from a representative sample of adolescents in grade ten in Uppsala, the fourth largest city in Sweden, attitudes toward a number of (criminal) sexual acts are studied. These data are contrasted with those from a sample of patients at a school gynecological clinic. It is found that for both samples, only a very limited number of the eight discussed acts are considered to be criminal by the adolescents. Although at least seven or eight acts are criminal in Swedish law, only two acts are considered criminal by about half of the respondents. These acts are pedophilia and rape after petting. The same questions were used by Kutchinsky in 1969 when on behalf of the U.S. Congress Commission on Obscenity and Pornography he studied inhabitants in Copenhagen, Denmark. When comparing data from Uppsala Sweden 1978 with data from Copenhagen, Denmark 1969 we find that Swedish adolescents in the late seventies, on the whole are much less likely to call the discussed acts criminal. The only exception is rape after petting, which in Copenhagen in the late sixties was the act least often seen as criminal but in the Uppsala study in the late seventies it was one of the two acts most often claimed to be criminal. Finally, the effects of coital experience and the effect of sexual knowledge on the percieved criminality of the acts are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Psycho-medical approach to infertility. Suffering from sterility].

We present a study of how a doctor and a psycho-analyst have collaborated in an infertility clinic. We have rejected the usual division between organic and psychogenic sterility and have emphasized how in each case there is latent psychic suffering. This paper is in two parts: 1) The first describes the methodology of the joint consultation and how suitable this method is for research; 2) The second part is a synthesis of the clinical cases collected over the course of 18 months. There is always a latent psychological conflict present behind the complaint of infertility. When a doctor and a psycho-analyst are together the patient can express the preconscious or unconscious fantasy where the true significance of his symptom of sterility can be found. This may be a defence against fulfilling an Oedipus situation, or against a fantasy of parthenogenetic reproduction, or against the fear of being torn open bodily. These are given as examples.

Adult↗