Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hyperthyroidism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hyperthyroidism due to the improper use of povidone-iodine].

A 48-year-old female was referred to Perugia Hospital because of cardiac palpitations and insomnia. The clinical history, the physical examination and laboratory tests were supportive of hyperthyroidism. Since July 1994 the patient had been combating constipation by improper use of an iodine-containing antiseptic cream for external use only. She had inserted povidone-iodine into the rectum by means of a cannula. The iodine-containing cream was suspended, and a beta-blocker prescribed. Cardiac palpitations disappeared within 2 weeks, and plasma thyroid hormone levels returned to normal within 1 month. Hyperthyroidism in this patient was probably triggered by improper long-term use of an over-the-counter cream. When investigating the etiology of hyperthyroidism, a history of long-term use of iodine-containing medication should always be considered. These medications should be used with caution for only short periods of time and, if usage is prolonged, medical supervision should be recommended; above all, they should be applied only as directed.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed2000

Doppler ultrasonography in predicting relapse of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease.

PURPOSE: To determine whether Doppler ultrasonography could be useful in the prediction of relapse of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients with Graves' disease confirmed by laboratory tests were examined for a number of blood flow parameters in the inferior thyroid artery before and after they were subjected to proper antithyroid drug treatment. Data were retrospectively reviewed and compared with findings for a control group of 16 age-matched subjects. RESULTS: Significantly increased blood flow parameters were observed both in patients with active hyperthyroidism before treatment and in euthyroid patients who presented a relapse shortly after withdrawal of proper antithyroid drug treatment versus normal controls. Conversely, no significant differences were observed between patients who remained in stable remission and normal controls. CONCLUSION: Our results support the concept that Doppler ultrasonography evaluation of patients with Graves' disease may contribute to the detection of a relapsing course of hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Serum dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and pregnenolone sulfate concentrations in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) have been suggested to have protective effects against cardiovascular disease, cancer, immune-modulated diseases, and aging. We examined serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEA-S, and pregnenolone sulfate (PREG-S) in patients with thyroid dysfunction. METHODS: Steroids extracted with methanol from serum sample were separated into an unconjugated fraction (DHEA) and a monosulfate fraction (DHEA-S and PREG-S), using a solid-phase extraction and an ion-exchange column. After separation of unconjugated steroids by HPLC, the DHEA concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The monosulfate fraction was treated with arylsulfatase, and the freed steroids were separated by HPLC. The DHEA and PREG fractions were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the concentrations were converted into those of DHEA-S and PREG-S. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEA-S, and PREG-S were all significantly lower in patients with hypothyroidism (n = 24) than in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 43). By contrast, in patients with hyperthyroidism (n = 22), serum DHEA-S and PREG-S concentrations were significantly higher, but the serum DHEA concentration was within the reference interval. Serum concentrations of these three steroids correlated with serum concentrations of thyroid hormones in these patients. Serum albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not related to these changes in the concentration of steroids. CONCLUSIONS: Serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEA-S, and PREG-S were decreased in hypothyroidism, whereas serum DHEA-S and PREG-S concentrations were increased but DHEA was normal in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormone may stimulate the synthesis of these steroids, and DHEA sulfotransferase might be increased in hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the activity of receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in rat portal vein in induced hyperthyroidism.

The activity of receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCCs) was studied in rat portal vein in L-thyroxine-induced experimental hyperthyroidism. The following parameters were evaluated: 1. NE-stimulated 45Ca influx. 2. CaCl2-induced contractile responses in Ca2+ free NE-stimulated tissues to calculate EC50 value of CaCl2. The NE (10(-6)mol) stimulated 45Ca influx and the mean EC50 value of CaCl2 did not differ significantly in portal veins isolated from hyperthyroid rats as compared to those of euthyroid control rats. The study revealed no significant change in the functional status of ROCCs in experimental hyperthyroidism.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Thyroid cancer prevalence after radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism.

UNLABELLED: The definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism in Europe is quite different from that in the United States. In Europe, the surgical approach is often preferred and considered safer than radioiodine treatment. European doctors usually prefer to surgically remove the thyroid and perform a pathologic examination of it. They consider it to be an essential diagnostic tool to identify possible diseases that might be associated with hyperthyroidism and even to detect the rare thyroid tumors that might be associated with thyroid hyperfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether radioiodine therapy could be a risk factor for the misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective revision of data we collected from 6647 patients (1171 [17.5%] men, 5476 [82.5%] women), all of whom underwent 1311 therapy for hyperthyroidism from 1970 to 1997. Of the whole group, 6.5% were younger than 40 y, 33.5% were 40-60 y old, and 60% were older than 60 y. Moreover, 5061 (76%) patients had either an autonomously functioning node or a toxic multinodular goiter. The other 1586 (24%) patients had Graves' disease. RESULTS: After treatment, thyroid cancer was discovered in 10 (0.15%) patients, none of whom belonged to the group of patients with Graves' disease. Five of these patients were treated during a period from 1970 to 1980, when sonography was not routinely available. The incidence of thyroid cancer in the series of radioiodine-treated patients (150/100,000 over a 27-y period) was not significantly different from its incidence in the general population. The expected rate is 124.88 per 100,000 over a 27-y period. CONCLUSION: An accurate preliminary evaluation (clinical examination, sonography, and cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspiration) is fundamental for a proper choice between radioiodine and surgical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Recovery from pancytopenia and liver dysfunction after administration of thiamazole for hyperthyroidism].

A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of hyperthyroidism complicated by atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Laboratory data revealed pancytopenia, with a white blood cell count of 2,600/microliter, red blood cell count of 330 x 10(4)/microliter, and platelet count of 6.2 x 10(4)/microliter. The patient had normal transaminase levels, but tests for hepaplastin and cholinesterase showed values of 34% and 1.4 U/ml, respectively, indicating liver dysfunction. There was also decreased excretion of indocyanine green. After initiation of treatment with 30 mg thiamazole and 20 mg propranolol daily, the patient's thyroid function normalized and the other abnormal laboratory findings such as pancytopenia and liver dysfunction also disappeared. Pancytopenia is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism. In this case, various laboratory abnormalities were normalized by antithyroid therapy alone, indicating that the hyperthyroidism itself was closely related to the pathogenesis of pancytopenia and liver dysfunction.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blink reflex in hyperthyroidism.

Although there are studies regarding the effects of thyroid hormones on some neurologic reflexes, literature lacks knowledge of the effects of thyroid hormones on blink reflex circuits. To understand the behaviour of excess thyroid hormone on this circuit that involves synapses in brainstem, we studied electrically elicited blink reflexes of 7 patients with hyperthyroidism, 8 patients with hyperthyroidism who were under therapy and 14 volunteers as control by electroneuromyograph. Mean values of the latencies and amplitudes of the R1 and R2 responses were not statistically different between groups, while the duration of R2 response and controlateral R2 response were found shorter in patients with hyperthyroidism comparing to the patients under therapy and controls. We have thought that these findings might reflect the inhibitor effect of the excess thyroid hormone on polysynaptic reflex arc of the blink response.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperthyroidism and concurrent thyroid carcinoma.

In the last twenty years, medical studies have reported a significant increase in thyroid neoplasms among patients with hyperthyroidism. Aim of the present work is to reconsider the real incidence of this not uncommon association and to establish a model for surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism for a possible concurrence with thyroid carcinoma. At the Department of Surgical Sciences and Applied Medical Technologies "La Sapienza" Rome's University, during the period 1994 to 1999, an homogeneous group of 82 patients was surgically treated for hyperthyroidism. Of our patients, fifty-four (66%) had a "multinodular toxic goiter" (MTG), twenty (24%) a "functional autonomous nodule" (FAN) while the remaining patients were affected by Graves' disease. The surgical procedures adopted were: 1) total extracapsular ipsilateral lobectomies and isthmectomies in sixteen patients with FAN; 2) total extracapsular thyroidectomy in all patients with MTG and with Graves' disease and in the remaining four patients with FAN after a long time treatment with thyrostatic drugs. On six (7%) of our patients we found out a thyroid carcinoma: five with MTG and one with Graves' disease. However, no association with thyroid carcinoma was observed in anyone with FAN. The correct treatment of thyroid surgical diseases is a single definitive operative approach. The procedure must be a total thyroidectomy in MTG and Graves' disease. However, in patients with FAN it's possible, after careful evaluation, to carry out a total extracapsular ipsilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy, justified by the normal morphology of the remaining thyroid tissue. It is always possible, in these cases, a subsequent complete exeresis if a carcinoma is present in the removed lobe.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Subclinical hyperthyroidism ].

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined as normal thyroid hormone level in serum but low serum thyrotropin TSH concentration in an asymptomatic individuals. The article described prevalence, pathogenesis, causes, clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria of subclinical hyperthyroidism and is especially focused on patients with this thyroid dysfunction induced increase risk for development of atrial fibrillation and a decrease in bone mass in the case of postmenopausal women. It is not clear whether and when this pathology should be treated but the problem is important because of 4% patients per year which can possible develop overt hyperthyroidism. Most of the authors conclude that a treatment is required in selected cases or under special circumstances only.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed2001

Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism at the Tikur Anbessa Hospital.

Thirty-four hyperthyroid patients selected on preset criteria for radioiodine therapy were given low dose radioiodine-131 (I-131) in the Nuclear Medicine Unit of the Tikur Anbessa Hospital as a preferential alternative to repeat or protracted administration of antithyroid drugs, or surgery. The dose chosen was 85 uCi per gram of thyroid tissue based on the 24 hour uptake of a test dose of I-131. The age range of the patients was 18 to 68 years, female to male ratio was 7.5:1 and 80% of the females were in the reproductive age group. Twenty-five patients had multinodular goiter, four had persistent hyperthyroidism after surgery, and five had recurrent Graves' disease. Estimated thyroid gland weight was from 3.5 to 51.4 grams and the amount of I-131 administered was from 0.2 to 4.9 mCi. Only 11 of the 34 patents became euthyroid after a single dose of I-131, 14 required one or more repeat doses and only six of those became euthyroid making a total of 17 (50%) responders. The low dose regimen we used in this study, though economical in a situation of limited I-131 supply, resulted in a high failure rate of 50%. This shows the need to formulate a better dosage scheme that can benefit the majority of patients by optimizing the prospects of the resolution of hyperthyroidism with a single dose of radioiodine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical investigation on treatment of integrated traditional and Western medicine in hyperthyroidism with leukocytopenia induced by sulfourea drugs].

OBJECTIVE: To seek for a safe and effective drug to treat hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Sixty cases of hyperthyroidism with leukocytopenia induced by sulfourea drugs were divided into treatment and control groups by 31 cases who were treated by traditional medicine Syndrome Differentiation and 29 cases who were treated by conventional western medicine alone respectively at random. They were estimated by total effective rate, major symptoms, WBC and immunological tests after four weeks. RESULTS: The total effective rate in the treatment group (96.8%) was more effective than that in the control group (86.2%, P < 0.05). The symptom recovery rate in the treatment group was better than that in the control group. The WBC in both were all increased, but in the treatment group, it was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The positive to negative rate of thyroglobulin antibody and thyromicrosome antibody in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It can not only improve the symptoms and immune function, but also increase WBC by using western medicine in combination with traditional medicine in treating hyperthyroidism.

Adenine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental hyperthyroidism II. Mechanics of contraction and relaxation of isolated ventricular myocardium.

The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on myocardial mechanics was examined on isolated ventricular myocardium (right ventricular papillary muscle) of cats. 1. Isotonic muscle contraction and isometric tension development were largely unchanged compared with euthyroidism. 2. Isotonic contraction velocity and maximal isometric tension rise velocity showed considerable rises of between 41 and 78%. 3. Force-velocity relations of contraction showed changes with increases of contraction velocity with every degree of load. 4. Force-velocity relations of isotonic relaxation showed increases of isotonic relaxation maxima with comparable loads without any alteration of the typical course of the relaxation curves compared with euthyroidism. 5. Lowering the temperature (from 34 to 24 degrees C) produced a considerable fall of the raised contraction and relaxation velocity in hyperthyroidism whereas the values of muscle contraction and tension development important for the pump function were largely unchanged. It is concluded that the myocardium in experimental hyperthyroidism is characterised by a primarily velocity-related increase of inotropy. Lowering the temperature produces an effective fall of the raised velocity values. The mechanisms of the increase of inotropy and significance of the findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Perioperative management using propofol in a patient with uncontrolled preoperative hyperthyroidism].

There is a risk of thyrotoxic crisis during and after surgery in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. To avoid this, suppression of sympathetic activity during the perioperative period is important. For this purpose, we used propofol for the anesthetic and the postoperative management in a 19-year-old female with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Propofol 6 to 8 mg.kg-1.hr-1 plus 66% of nitrous oxide was not sufficient to obtain hemodynamic stability during the surgery, but propofol 3 mg.kg-1.hr-1 produced optimal sedation in the postoperative period. The results demonstrate that propofol is useful for the anesthetic management of patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral gynaecomastia as the primary complaint in hyperthyroidism.

Association of gynaecomastia with hyperthyroidism is uncommon but has been well documented in the past. Gynaecomastia in a patient with hyperthyroidism rarely presents as a primary complaint. When this occurs, it may present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. We present the case of a patient who was referred initially to the breast clinic with bilateral gynaecomastia. Hyperthyroidism was subsequently confirmed and treated; gynaecomastia regressed with return to the euthyroid state.

Gynecomastia↗
PubMed2001

[Right ventricular heart failure in hyperthyroidism].

Cardiovascular disorders in patients affected with hyperthyroidism are very common; the increase in the heart rate and in inotropism combines with a rise in the cardiac index towards which the reduction in peripheral resistances and an increase in the venous return to the heart contribute. The increase in myocardial excitabi1ity, caused above all by triiodothyronine, may be attended with atrial extrasystoles or even with atrial fibrillation. Congestive heart failure during hyperthyroidism, even if rare, may either reveal itself in association with pre-existent cardiopathy or to be precipitated by tachyar-rhythrmia, particu1arly, by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The case is described of a young woman affected with Graves' disease, presenting an ingravescent dyspnoea, in which sinusal tachycardia, the S1Q3 electrocardiographic figure and the echocardiographic reports of a right ventricu1ar overload with pulmonary hypertension and systemic venous congestion, suggest picture of acute pulmonary embolism. The isolated dysfunction of the right ventricle resolved quickly after an adequate antithyroid therapy. The oddness of presentation of Graves' disease in this case would suggest the execution of the thyroid profile for all patients with a primary diagnosis of heart failure, in order to single out hyperthyroid subjects with reversible myocardial dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A pair-matched comparison and follow-up study of patients with euthytroid Graves ophthalmopathy and patients with hyperthyroid graves ophthalmopathy].

This study was intended to acquire a knowledge about the similarity and difference between euthyriod Graves ophthalmopathy (EGO) and hyperthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy (HGO), and about the outcome of the EGO cases. Twenty-seven EGO patients were pair-matched with 27 HGO patients, and 18 of the EGO patients were followed up for 1-6 years. The results showed that the EGO group had markedly more patients with diplopia, failure to close lids, limitation of eyeball movements, cornea involvement, and more patients with a difference of two eyes' exophthalmos degrees > or = 2 mm, but the HGO group had more patients with optic nerve involvement. No significant difference was found between the two groups' ophthalmopathic indexes by using the t-test. Drug therapy of the EGO group was more efficacious than that of the HGO group. The results of follow-up study showed that 61% of the EGO cases had hyperthyroidism and goiter within 5 months to 3 years, but 39% of the cases had no hyperthyroidism up to 6 years. These data suggest that EGO is associated with thyroid diseases and it can stand "alone" as an auto-immune disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian rhythms of electrolyte and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

The circadian rhythms of excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-ohcs) were determined in five normal subjects, in six patients with hyperthyroidism and five with hypothyroidism. Constant diets with identical 3-hourly feedings were employed, and urine collections were made every 3 hrs during a 3-day study period. The circadian patterns of urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and 17-OHCS were similar in all three groups with distinct daytime peaks and nighttime nadirs. The total quantities of the ions and 17-OHCS excreted were greater in hyperthyroid than in hypothyroid patients with the greatest difference noted with the 17-OHCS. The rhythms for calcium, magnesium and phosphorus excretion were accentuated in hyperthyroid patients but similar to those in normal subjects with early morning calcium and magnesium peaks and a phosphorus peak approximately 12 hrs later. While a similar although blunted circadian pattern for calcium and perhaps magnesium excretion was noted in hypothyroid patients, their phosphorus rhythms were distorted and rather flat. These latter results confirm the observation of MINTZ et al. and are compatible with their interpretation that thyroid hormone is permissibly necessary for the expression of a normal phosphaturic rhythm and that the circulating level of thyroid hormone influences the amplitude of the phosphaturic rhythm.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

[Cell-mediated immune-phenomenona in hyperthyroidism and euthyroid goiter (studies using the lymphocyte transformation test)].

For the establishment of cellular immune phenomena in hyperthyroidism and the euthyreotic struma 27 patients with hyperthyroidism, 18 patients with euthyreotic struma and 33 healthy control persons were examined with the help of the lymphocyte transformation test as to their ability to the blast cell transformation under addition of watery extract of the thyroid gland. In the cases of hyperthyroidism significantly increased transformation indices were found compared with the controls. Also in the euthyreotic strumae increased values were found compared with the controls. They lay at the borderline to significance. Three different extracts were used as antigen. The transformation indices calculated in these cases were partly significantly different. From this is concluded that not in every watery extract of the thyroid gland the responsible antigen exists in sufficient quantity and/or quality.

Antibody Formation↗