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PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitative affiliation: nurse-client interactions that enhance healing.

Facilitative affiliation is a new concept developed to capture the essence of effective nurse-client interactions, regardless of the client population or the practice setting. This concept has been synthesized within the theoretical framework of Modeling and Role-Modeling. Defining attributes have been identified as (a) presence, (b) assessment of needs based on the client's self-care knowledge and perceived resources, (c) creative individualized interventions, (d) selective normative disregard, (e) mutual trust, (f) nurturance, and (g) advocacy: Facilitative affiliation is defined as any nurse-client interaction in which the nurse assesses the client's needs based on that individual's self-care knowledge and perceived resources and creates individualized interventions based on those identified needs. The relationship is then characterized by availability, nurturance, and advocacy on the part of the nurse and a sense of mutual trust between the client and the nurse. Several client outcomes have been posited including that of enhanced healing.

Helping Behavior↗
PubMed1996

Mother-father relationship, object relations and premature contractions.

Mother-father relationship during pregnancy and its influence on obstetric complications, such as premature contractions, has been little investigated, but seems to be far more important than has been acknowledged so far. From a psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspective three case studies are used to illustrate the ongoing dynamics. First the fetus is identified with an object of the past and/or the present. To ward off threatening object representations the pregnant woman needs a third person, the father. If he is unavailable for her she is in danger of rejecting the child. Results are discussed also in relation to the medical support system.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Relationships between premenstrual complaints and perimenopausal experiences.

This study evaluates whether a history of menstrually-related problems, termed premenstrual complaints (PMCs), is a significant predictive marker for a more symptomatic perimenopausal experience. Two hundred and ninety-one randomly selected urban women, aged between 45 and 55 years were interviewed yearly for three consecutive years to record their individual experiences and changes as they progressed through the menopause transition. Repeated measures were obtained on a range of physical, psychological and social indicators. The experiences of women who reported a self-defined history of premenstrual complaints (n = 104) were compared with those women with no prior premenstrual problems (n = 187) and predictors of perimenopausal symptoms were assessed. Relationships were found between a prior history of both physical and psychological premenstrual complaints and a more symptomatic perimenopause characterised by dysphoria, skeletal, digestive and respiratory symptoms (all ps < 0.05). The more symptomatic women also reported pronounced interpersonal stress (p < 0.001), significant 'hassles', current smoking and low exercise (ps < 0.05). The findings support predictive relationships between a prior history of premenstrual problems and a more problematic menopause transition. The issues of vulnerability and help-seeking behaviors are discussed.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1993

Estimating the size of a heroin-using population: an examination of the use of treatment admissions data.

This paper examines the feasibility of using information on treatment admissions to infer the size of a heroin-using population. Several variants of capture-recapture and truncated Poisson models which have been used for this purpose are assessed here, and are generally found to be unsuited to the task at hand. A cohort model is developed which is consistent with the dynamics of drug use and help-seeking behavior, and which would allow estimation of the size of the treatment susceptible or "inbound" population, but its information requirements are difficult to meet. The analysis suggests that capture-recapture and truncated Poisson models should be evaluated in terms of their potential for reformulation and application within the present context, or alternatively, that other methods be developed for this purpose.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2006

Increasing family members' appreciation of family caregiving stress.

Participants read a message discussing the duties of a typical family caregiver (for example, a woman taking care of her elderly mother) and the associated psychological, physical, social, and financial stresses. The message was accompanied by an appeal that was either a control or was altruistic (other-oriented: focusing on the mother/caregiver's well-being) or egoistic (self-oriented: focusing on the child of the caregiver's needs and feelings). Participants who received an altruistic appeal were more appreciative of caregiving stresses than were those given an egoistic or a control appeal. Increasing family members' awareness of the stress involved in family caregiving is a first step in encouraging them to personally intervene on behalf of the caregiver.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

When more is less: negative exposure effects in unsupervised learning.

In this article, two broad classes of models of unsupervised learning are compared: correlation tracking models, according to which learning is expected to increase monotonically with exposure to instances, and category invention models, which can accommodate specific violations of monotonicity (negative exposure effects). In two experiments, increasing the number of training instances had a negative rather than a positive effect on unsupervised learning, a clear violation of monotonicity. The results of these experiments are then compared with the predictions of two computational models, one a category invention model and the other a correlation tracking model. The category invention model was able to reproduce the qualitative pattern of results from the human data, whereas the correlation tracking model was not. Overall, these results provide strong evidence for the existence of a discrete category invention process in unsupervised learning.

Affect↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Good Sams.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Health-related decision-making by older adults and their families: how clinicians can help.

Helping frail and vulnerable individuals and their families to make the best health-related decision is difficult even in the best of circumstances. Decision-making as a discrete action is often discussed in the health care literature, but the concept that decision-making is a process is largely ignored. Understanding the basic elements of the decision-making process used by older adults and their family, or support individual(s) may help health care team members offer more substantial and meaningful assistance to the individuals who are trying to make tough health-related decisions. Full information needs to be available so all participants involved in the process can make reasonable decisions. The decision-making process is highly contextual and is based on how realistic the decision-making goals are and how congruent the experiences versus perceived expectations are, as well as the quality of options available.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Does the baccalaureate make a difference?: Differentiating nurse performance by education and experience.

The nursing profession continues to debate the question of whether level of education matters in performance once the nurse is oriented to a particular setting, or whether the assumed advantages of baccalaureate education can be substituted by on-the-job experience. In this study, nurses with a baccalaureate degree demonstrated more nursing competencies when compared with their associate degree or diploma colleagues. Results also suggest that education promotes a broader range of abilities than does experience.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1992

Caring between nursing students and physically/mentally handicapped children: a phenomenological study.

Advanced technology has increased the life expectancy to age 20 for most chronically ill children. Consequently, nurses will be encountering an increasing number of physically and mentally handicapped children. Nursing students' discovery of the meaning of caring with exceptional children will help prepare them for interactions with these special children during their nursing careers. A phenomenological study was undertaken to explore 36 nursing students' caring experiences with physically and mentally handicapped children. Van Kaam's phenomenological methodology was used to analyze the data. Sharing the findings of this phenomenological study with nursing students is one approach faculty can use to help reduce their anxiety regarding upcoming clinical rotations with exceptional children.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Student and faculty perceptions of effective clinical instructors in ADN programs.

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of associate degree nursing (ADN) students and faculty of characteristics of effective clinical teachers and determine whether there were differences between these two groups. A survey was conducted of 292 students in various levels of their ADN programs and 59 faculty members from the same five programs, which were randomly selected from across Michigan. Data were collected using the Nursing Clinical Effectiveness Inventory, which includes 48 characteristics of effective clinical instructors arranged in five subscales. Students identified "demonstrates clinical skills and judgment" as the most important characteristic of effective clinical instructors, while faculty identified "explains clearly" as the most important characteristic. There was agreement on 6 of the top 10 characteristics identified by both groups. Both groups rated "directs student to useful literature in nursing" as the least important characteristic of effective clinical instructors. The students' and faculty's perceptions of effective clinical instructors differed by subscales, with students identifying evaluation characteristics as most important (mean = 4.73, SD = .42) and faculty identifying interpersonal relationships as most important (mean = 4.72, SD = .31). A t test indicated a significant difference between student and faculty means for the interpersonal relationships subscales, with faculty rating this group of characteristics as more important than students did (t = 2.49, p = .0 14).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Walking a fine line: graduate nurses' transition experiences during orientation.

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate graduate nurses' transition experiences during orientation. A purposive sample of 10 graduate nurses participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. Graduates experienced mixed emotions as they began orientation. Preceptors played a key role in the transition process, affecting participants' thoughts and progress. Graduates quickly realized the many differences between work and school, and were surrounded by feelings of stress as they assumed the new role of RN. For some, coping with death and dying was an emotionally difficult experience for which they felt unprepared. Finding a rhythm brought graduates confidence and feelings of accomplishment, and self-reflection emerged as an important and integral part of the transition process. Despite the challenges and stress of orientation, graduates found great meaning in their work, and most expressed readiness to be on their own by the end of 12 weeks.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Students' perspectives of effective and ineffective nursing instructors.

This descriptive study identified students' perspectives of the characteristics used to judge the quality of a classroom nursing instructor. A sample of 171 baccalaureate nursing students from a university in the midwestern United States completed the study. The nursing students completed a questionnaire regarding personal demographics, characteristics of an effective and ineffective instructor, and how their grade and the amount of coursework affected their opinion of the instructor. Content analysis was performed to categorize the characteristics that emerged, with data ranked according to the number of times each characteristic was identified as effective or ineffective. Teaching methods, personality, and presentation of course materials were the three primary characteristics of an effective instructor, according to the students' responses, with personality being most important. Conversely, in related nursing studies of effective teachers, personality characteristics were ranked lower.

Adult↗