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PubMed1983

Audiologic correlates of hearing handicap in the elderly.

This investigation was conducted to determine the relationship between self-assessed hearing handicap and audiometric measures in a large sample of noninstitutionalized elderly individuals. Eighty subjects underwent a complete audiological evaluation and responded to the Hearing Measurement Scale (HMS). Each of the correlations between measures of sensitivity and the HMS score was statistically significant. The speech discrimination scores showed a somewhat lower correlation with the HMS score than did pure-tone measures. The implications of the above findings are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Handicap in Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease.

One hundred and thirty-seven patients with Darier's disease and 66 patients with Hailey-Hailey disease completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The average DLQI score for Darier's disease was 5.89 (19.6% of the maximum score), median = 4, quartiles: 1.9. The average DLQI score for Hailey-Hailey disease was 6.06 (20.2% of the maximum score), median = 5, quartiles: 2.9. The DLQI score did not correlate with the physician's assessment of clinical severity in both diseases, thus emphasizing the importance of remembering the potential for handicap even in patients with disease that seems to be mild. The domains of the questionnaire with the highest mean scores in both diseases were for questions relating to symptoms and feelings. Domains relating to personal relationships and work obtained low mean scores even in severe disease. It is encouraging that most patients with Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease maintain good relationships at work and home and seem to be able to adapt to their skin disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effect of severity of unilateral vestibular dysfunction on symptoms, disabilities and handicap in vertiginous patients.

This study compares the symptoms, disabilities and handicap, as assessed by means of a questionnaire, in two groups of patients with a unilateral peripheral vestibular disorder: those with a total canal paresis and those with a partial canal paresis, as judged by the duration parameter using the Fitzgerald Hallpike caloric test in the absence of optic fixation. The results of the study indicate that the severity of dizziness, the Dizziness Index (severity x frequency) and the overall level of disabilities related to visual vertigo are less severe in unilateral profound or total loss of vestibular function than in unilateral mild vestibular loss.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2000

Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps after acoustic neuroma surgery.

The measurement of a patient's health-related quality of life following acoustic neuroma surgery is important because the surgery itself can impose significant symptoms postoperatively. This study describes the most common problems experienced by the patients, using an open-ended questionnaire mailed to a series of 70 patients who had undergone acoustic neuroma surgery. Patient responses were classified by impairment, disability and handicap, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Results showed that this group of patients had a wide variety of symptoms and concerns, and particularly highlighted the relative importance of visual (49% of the patients) and psychosocial problems (34% of the patients) associated with surgery in contrast to tinnitus that seemed to be of minor importance. Open-ended questionnaires are useful in assessing outcomes from a quality of life perspective.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2002

Benefits of the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) programme as compared with a non-specific approach.

BACKGROUND: Two educational treatments were compared, the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) programme and the integration programme for individuals with disabilities. METHODS: Two groups of eight subjects were matched by gender, chronological and mental age, and nosographic diagnosis (i.e. autism associated with severe intellectual disability, DSM-IV criteria and Childhood Autism Rating Scale scored. The TEACCH programme was applied to the experimental group, while the control group was integrated in regular schools with a support teacher. The Psycho-Educational Profile-Revised and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale were administered twice with a one-year interval between assessments. RESULTS: The scores of the experimental group increased more than the control group scores. Statistically significant differences were obtained in both groups because of the differences in the two approaches.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision impairment and handicap: The RVIB Employment Survey. The Steering Committee for the RVIB Employment Survey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between type of vision impairment and disability and the handicap or impact of vision loss on functioning. METHODS: Participants were interviewed for the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind Employment Survey, and asked to self-report whether totally blind or not (vision impaired). Causes of visual impairment were also reported. Eyesight was rated on a scale from 0 (completely blind) to 10 (best possible eyesight). Difficulty with mobility, personal care, household activities, work and hobbies and social interactions were also rated. Participants with vision impairment also rated their level of disability in reading and seeing other people's reactions using the same scale. RESULTS: Of the 250 participants, 39 self-reported total blindness. Participants with vision impairment experienced greater levels of difficulty in almost all areas than people who self-reported total blindness. People with vision impairment due to glaucoma and macular degeneration reported significantly more difficulty with reading newspapers, while there was a borderline significant relationship between difficulty with seeing people's reactions and macular degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found that difficulty associated with everyday tasks was greater than might be expected from self-report of vision. This study confirms the need for visual function tools to supplement the use of objective visual acuity measurements in people with vision impairment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Pre-, peri- and postnatal prevention of major neuropediatric handicaps.

Actual preventive aspects on major neuropediatric handicaps -- particularly cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation -- are surveyed. Based on Swedish epidemiologic studies on the changing pattern through 1954--70 it has been possible to conclude that postnatal preventive measures are largely completed, and that perinatal brain damage syndromes have significantly decreased, while prenatal mechanisms now dominate and still constitute mainly unsolved problems. The study has convincingly revealed that modern neonatal intensive care does pay and has given favorable gains not only in surviving but in undamaged babies.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed2006

[Evaluation of care load for children and teenagers with severe and multiple handicaps. A quantitative empirical study].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to gain differentiated and plausible data on care load for severely and multiply disabled children and teenagers. Those data are required for public health as well as for forensic reasons. METHODS: In 33 children and teenagers between 3 and 18 years (20 in nursing home care, 13 in family care) all measures of care were exactly documented (in minute grades) over 7 days. All individuals were severely disabled and immobile. Due to insufficient plausibility the data of 6 individuals were excluded, so that the final analysis is based on 27 records over a whole week each. RESULTS: The average amount of time for all measures of care was 41 hours and 12 minutes per week, family care exceeding nursing home care by 82 %. Regarding basic care solely, the average amount of time was 26 hours and 7 minutes, family care exceeding nursing home care only by 22 %. On the other hand, the deal of time for stimulation, therapy and leisure activities in families was more than fourfold in comparison with nursing home. In both areas, care load of feeding was found most time consuming and emotionally distressing. DISCUSSION: The documented times for basic care show relatively small differences between family and nursing home care and are in good correspondence with findings in other western countries. Therefore it can be assumed that an average time amount of about 26 hours per week or about 3S hours per day respectively may reflect the real need for basic care in immobile and severely handicapped children and teenagers. The great deal of time documented in family care for general stimulation and leisure activities can be interpreted as an expression of special attention and emotional attachment, so acting as an important factor of quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Spina bifida children in ordinary schools: handicap, attainment and behaviour.

Virtually all survivors of a selective surgical treatment policy were reassessed. This paper describes the status of 43 of the 74 in ordinary schools. The small number placed in special units often had very low or deviant scores on all measures. Those fully integrated had scores insignificantly different from the controls on reading, spelling and mathematics, but had weaknesses of tests of hand function. The majority of fully integrated pupils were free from behaviour problems. The extent of physical handicap encountered among pupils in the ordinary school is described.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ Prospects of success in hip operations in severely handicapped children with cerebral palsy].

Sixty-eight very severely handicapped children with cerebral paresis, incapable of walking unaided, who underwent hip surgery ten years ago and more, were followed up. It was found that surgery had been a moderate success only in those who still had residual function when prone (ability to crawl). As far as the most seriously affected children were concerned the improvement, if there was any, was only in the radiological findings; the tendency to increased development of a scoliotic pelvis was not affected. The results after bone operations (DV osteotomy, hip adjustments, reconstruction of the roof of the acetabulum) are better with regard to X-ray findings, but by no means reliable. It is still debatable whether surgery brought about any improvement in the condition of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[A reading aid for the visually handicapped].

A new reading aid for the visually handicapped is described. It consists of a normal pair of fieldglasses and a mirror system, and can be used either monocularly or binocularly. It features an unusually long working distance of 210 mm, regardless of magnification.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Pediatric nursing homes. Implications of the Massachusetts experience for residential care of multiply handicapped children.

Pediatric nursing homes were established in Massachusetts in 1971, in response to the crisis created by the deinstitutionalization of children with multiple severe handicaps for whom care in the community was unrealistic. Although these residential beds provided short-term relief for the system, failure both to plan for the improved long-term survival of the children and to develop alternative community services for those whose functional and medical status changed has left fundamental problems unresolved. A review of the 421 residents of pediatric nursing homes since 1972 shows that most have been bedridden and nonverbal, requiring provision of basic care: feeding, dressing, maintaining hygiene, and sensory and motor stimulation. Three quarters of the residents were severely or profoundly retarded and had seizures. About 4 per cent died each year, and another 5 per cent were discharged; few beds were available for new admissions. Low standards of care and financial disincentives have resulted in less than optimal educational and rehabilitative services. Other states are facing similar problems, which can be resolved only through better funding and coordination of the relevant state agencies.

Certification↗
PubMed1995

A perspective on early commercial applications of voice-processing technology for telecommunications and aids for the handicapped.

The Colloquium on Human-Machine Communication by Voice highlighted the global technical community's focus on the problems and promise of voice-processing technology, particularly, speech recognition and speech synthesis. Clearly, there are many areas in both the research and development of these technologies that can be advanced significantly. However, it is also true that there are many applications of these technologies that are capable of commercialization now. Early successful commercialization of new technology is vital to ensure continuing interest in its development. This paper addresses efforts to commercialize speech technologies in two markets: telecommunications and aids for the handicapped.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Further validation of the Iowa tinnitus handicap questionnaire.

The ease of use of the French version of the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire was assessed in a group of 100 unselected individuals with tinnitus, 57 of whom agreed to take part in the survey. In addition to the instructions commonly used with this inventory, participants were invited to make any comments they wished about each item and to give their opinion of the content and presentation of the questionnaire. Nineteen subjects (33.3%) experienced difficulties with assigning a score to at least one item and one particular item was largely responsible for this problem. Increased systematic use of quantitative and qualitative data with this type of questionnaire is advocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps: its usefulness in classifying and understanding biopsychosocial phenomena.

The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) was developed because of the growing awareness that ICD-9 failed to reflect many of the problems that people bring to health care systems. The ICIDH was designed to classify the consequences of disease such as the disruption of daily activity and the social disadvantage that accompany illness. However, since its introduction, the ICIDH has largely been ignored by psychiatry, despite its conceptual strength. In particular, it provides a framework for applying the biopsychosocial model and studying the phenomena of mental illness. The latter is an important issue because of clinical psychiatry's inherent weakness in distinguishing between symptoms of disease and the psychosocial consequences, a particular inadequacy of the DSM-III diagnostic criteria. The utility of the ICIDH is shown in the study of the phenomena of panic disorder and agoraphobia, where I conclude that agoraphobia should be classified as a disability/handicap and not a disorder.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Stair stepping efficiency of mentally handicapped and nonhandicapped adult females.

Net efficiency for stair stepping was compared between 15 mentally handicapped (MH) and 15 nonhandicapped (NH) women of comparable chronological age. Efficiency was computed as the percentage of the energy output divided by the energy expenditure. Energy expenditure was assessed by the performance of subjects on a double stair stepping apparatus, stepping at three work rates (14, 17, and 19 asc/min), repeated on four test days. Open-circuit spirometric techniques were used to measure oxygen uptake. The three-way (Group x Stepping Rates x Days) repeated measures ANOVA indicated that: (1) NH women stepped more efficiently than MH women (p less than 0.01). Mean stepping efficiency was 17.1% for the NH group, and 15.6% for the MH group; (2) MH women did not show improvement in stepping efficiency over the four days, although there was a 20% increase in the number of MH subjects capable of completing the fastest stepping rate over the four days; and (3) MH subjects were more efficient at 17 and 19 asc/min than at 14 asc/min.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Coincidence anticipation of young normal and handicapped children.

Two coincident-timing experiments examined the role of three different target velocities and display extents and three age levels of normal and retarded children. Subjects made a ballistic response to a target moving horizontally across their visual field. In the first experiment there were generally no clear differences between normal and retarded children on the task, with subjects having difficulty for both the slow and fast target speeds. In the second experiment, with target velocity held constant, no significant differences were reported between normal and handicapped children, although the longer the subjects were allowed to view the target the more accurate they were. The data were discussed in terms of the response strategies to perform anticipatory ballistic movements. An ecological issue was raised which suggested that children as well as adults make their most accurate anticipations when confronted with velocity problems that have been experienced in their everyday world.

Journal Article↗