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PubMed2002

[Prevention of cancer--what do we do in Denmark and what can we achieve?].

We know from our cancer registers and from epidemiological research that we have a major potential for cancer prevention. If the risk factors had been commonly known in the population and the population had been willing to change their risk behaviours, about one third or perhaps half of all new cases could have been avoided today. Cancer epidemiology has pointed to factors of major importance for public health, such as use of tobacco, dietary factors (including alcohol), physical activity, obesity, environmental exposure in leisure time (sun), and in the workplace. All of these can be subject to primary prevention, i.e. behavior to minimise the individual's risk of contracting cancer. Studies on secondary prevention such as screening for cancer have attracted much attention, perhaps at the expense of secondary prevention related to tobacco, alcohol, and diet in the treatment, thereby avoiding side effects and improving the outcome of therapy. Cancer epidemiology has a long tradition in Denmark, whereas translation of the epidemiological findings into prevention is lagging behind. In future, a close collaboration is needed between health professionals, communication and marketing experts, as well as specialists in education and psychology. Only by joining forces with different disciplines will it be possible to target primary and secondary prevention to ease the burden of disease in the population. Evidently, implementation of preventive measures, will benefit from political will and support.

Denmark↗
PubMed1985

Maternal behavior in females of the laboratory rat selected for high and low activity and defecation rates.

Laboratory rats of the Wistar strain were selectively bred for a high or a low level of short-term activity (+A, -A) and defecation (+D, -D) in a novel environment. In lactating females of groups +A-D, +A+D, -A+D and -A-D maternal behavior was tested in situations, differing in complexity and demands of the ability of the females to adapt themselves to a new environment. Most intergroup differences were dependent on the characteristics of their activity, while defecation manifested itself less markedly in maternal behavior. In all tests +A groups showed a higher number of active contacts with the young, and the duration of maternal activities was higher in them when compared with -A females. The results indicated difference in the structure of maternal behavior and in the strategy with which they coped with a new situation. Females -A arranged the scattered pups into a nest more rapidly but they manipulated less with them and retrieved them minimally. In -A more often than in the +A the cycle of maternal behavior was interrupted by the elements of other than maternal programs. On the other hand, females +A gave more attention to each pup, they carried it from place to place for a long time, they tended to rearrange the newly formed nest, maternal program being interrupted less often. The most marked difference appeared between groups +A-D and -A+D.

Animals↗