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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract.

The results of staging and treatment of 18 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract are summarized. Widespread disease (Stage IV) was found in the majority (72%) of patients after rigorous staging, indicating the relative rarity of localized gastrointestinal lymphoma and the resulting need for systemic therapy in most of these patients. Chemotherapy combined with surgical resection and/or radiation therapy produced complete remissions in only 5 of 18 patients (28%). Patients failed to achieve complete remission due to 1) tumor resistance to drug therapy (46% of treatment failures), and 2) massive intestinal hemorrhage or bowel perforation secondary to tumor necrosis (38% of treatment failures). These findings indicate the need for more active chemotherapeutic regimens and for measures aimed at preventing complications such as bowel perforation or hemorrhage, possibly by combining surgical resection of bowel lesions with systemic chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Distribution of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of calves.

Development of gastrointestinal microflora of calves with special reference to bifidobacteria was investigated; fecal bacteria were enumerated in calves aged 3 days to 7 weeks. Bacteria were detected by using selective media, bifidobacteria using modified TPY agar with an addition of mupirocin and acetic acid and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bifidobacteria were dominant group of fecal flora of calves after 7 d of life, constituting 10 % of total bacterial counts. The highest bacterial concentrations were observed in rumen, cecum, and colon, the lowest in abomasum and duodenum. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli exhibited the highest survival ability during stomach passage and dominated in all parts of the digestive tract. Bifidobacteria counts determined by FISH were significantly higher than those provided by cultivation. Modified TPY agar was highly selective and suitable for bifidobacteria isolation but FISH was shown to be a more precise method for their enumeration. Our results show that gastrointestinal microflora of calves in the milk-feeding period is similar to breast-fed infants with respect to the occurrence of bifidobacteria as a dominant bacterial group. The use of Bifidobacterium strains offers a promising way for providing beneficial effectors for calves in the milk-feeding period.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoids of the gastrointestinal tract.

Carcinoids are tumors of the diffuse endocrine system. They occur most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract. Although they are considered malignant, their biologic behavior varies. The radiologic and pathologic appearances of gastric, duodenal, ileal, appendiceal, and rectal carcinoids are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Congenital vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: blue rubber bleb nevus and Klippel-Trenaunay syndromes.

We present two cases of hemangiomatosis of the gastrointestinal tract. The first case describes a 59-year-old patient with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to the blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. The second case illustrates a 26-year-old patient with recurrent rectal bleeding due to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. These two syndromes are distinct disorders characterized by cavernous hemangiomas of the skin, soft-tissue, bones, and viscera. In addition, we review the available literature on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, associated conditions, diagnosis, and treatment of these two disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

LCEC analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine in the human gastrointestinal tract.

The mucosal content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract has been studied. Peroperative biopsies of normal mucosa were collected during various gastrointestinal operations. The amines were extracted and assayed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC). The concentration of 5-HT was generally approximately 12 times higher than the NE concentration and the highest concentration for both amines was observed in the duodenum, 14 micrograms/g and 1.5 micrograms/g wet weight for 5-HT and NE respectively.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Localised extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract: Sheffield Lymphoma Group experience (1989-1998).

Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the gastrointestinal tract accounts for about one third of all extranodal NHL. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and histopathologic records of 71 patients with stage IE and IIE primary gastrointestinal NHL referred to the Sheffield Lymphoma Group (SLG) from 1989 to 1998. Cross-referencing with the Hospital Histopathology Department database revealed that only two-thirds of all cases were seen by the Group. The most common primary site was the stomach (45 patients, 63% of all cases), followed by the small intestine (16, 23%) and large intestine (9, 13%). The median age of patients was 62 years; the majority of patients presented with stage I (61%) and/or grade (65%) NHL. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas were the largest histologic subtype seen (57%), with 87% of these arising from the stomach; next most frequent was the diffuse large B-cell subtype (21% of all cases) most frequently arising from the intestine (60%). For treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma, a combined approach (surgery followed by chemotherapy, antihelicobacter therapy followed by chemotherapy) was favoured (22 cases). Five-year and 10-year overall survivals were 52% and 45% respectively. Knowledge of the Revised European American Lymphoma classification and the Helicobacter pylori/MALT association has influenced treatment approaches over the 10-year study period. For small intestinal lymphoma, surgery (with or without chemotherapy) gave 5- and 10-year survivals of 60%. Overall survival of patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma managed by the SLG is similar to that reported from other large series.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Continuous single layer anastomosis as the standard procedure in the gastrointestinal tract].

The continuous suture by single layer technique is suitable for all anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract. Anastomotic dehiscence rate has been examined and amounts 1.7% for anastomoses in the stomach 0.3% in the small intestine and 2.8% in the colon. In comparison with other techniques the anastomosis is safe and easy to learn. Costs and time of surgery can be reduced significantly.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2007

Age-related histomorphologic changes in the canine gastrointestinal tract: a histologic and immunohistologic study.

AIM: To examine the changes in the histomorphology of the gastric, jejunal and colonic wall of dogs due to physiological aging. METHODS: Full thickness biopsies were taken from the gastrointestinal tracts of 28 dogs of different ages. The thickness of the different layers of the wall was measured and the numbers of proliferating cells as indicated by immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 were counted. RESULTS: In the three excision sites, the thickness of all subepithelial layers increased with rising age. The strongest correlation between age and thickness of the intestinal wall was found in the first 10 years of life and in the jejunum (r = 0.6-0.71 for the deep lamina propria mucosa, the muscularis mucosa, and the circular layer of the tunica muscularis). The number of proliferating cells decreased during aging, with the strongest correlation in the lamina propria mucosa and lamina muscularis mucosa of the jejunum and in the colonic submucosa (r = -0.61 to -0.71). Epithelial proliferation was only weakly correlated to the age. CONCLUSION: The morphology of the deeper layers and the proliferation of mesenchymal cells of the intestinal wall of healthy dogs are correlated with age. Gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation is only weakly age-correlated.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

[The role of a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in the origin of urticaria].

The relations between urticaria and various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are under discussion. The disturbances of the gall bladder and biliary vessels, liver diseases, and disorders of the stomach are most often among those diseases. The main role is played by disturbances of upper GIT motility, bacterial and viral infection. It is necessary that in the treatment of GIT lesions-related urticaria, disturbances of the GIT may be corrected.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Conventional and molecular methods for understanding probiotic bacteria functionality in gastrointestinal tracts.

The recent successes of probiotic application to limit colonization of foodborne pathogens in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals ensures continued commercialization and widespread use of such cultures. Given that the the fermentation response and ecological balance of the probiotic consortium appears to be essential for the effectiveness of the cultures, it is essential to develop a methodology to accurately identify and quantitate these organisms during commercial production as well as successful in vivo colonization after administration. However, if further optimization of the effectiveness of defined cultures is to be achieved, methods to assess expression of key metabolic processes occurring during establishment of the probiotic culture as well as its subsequent ability to limit foodborne pathogen colonization are needed. Conventional methods to study individual probiotic gastrointestinal organisms include selective plating to identify specific nutritional groups, but the requirement of strict anaerobiosis for the obligate anaerobic members of these cultures can confound sample handling and preparation. Immunological methods can circumvent some of these problems but are somewhat limited for assessing functionality. The main advantage of using molecular tools is that the genetic diversity of the microflora, as well as their gene activity data are obtainable, both at the community level and at the single species level. Methods are currently available that permit studying individual members of microbial consortia, fluxes in community diversity, spatial distribution of consortia members, and the expression of specific microbial genes within communities. These methods involve the utilization of both DNA- and RNA-targeted probes, gene amplification protocols, and mRNA analysis. The study of mechanisms and functionality can only enhance the potential of probiotic cultures for limiting foodborne pathogen colonization.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of nano- and microparticle uptake by the gastrointestinal tract.

Numerous papers over the last two decades have demonstrated that particle uptake by the gastrointestinal tract is a reality. In addition, polymeric nano- and microparticles have proved to be useful delivery systems to enhance oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs or to induce mucosal immune response. However, despite the amount of data available, no set criteria are available for the design of a good particulate carrier for oral delivery of peptides or antigens. This is partly due to the publication of conflicting and confusing data. The source of discrepancy is actually multiparametric (e.g., methodology, mode of evaluation, animal species) and is still not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss the advantages and the limitations of the methodologies and the models used to evaluate gastrointestinal uptake of nano- and microparticles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics of the development and course of psychosomatic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

Clinical and experimental psychological examination of 340 patients with various psychosomatic abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract has demonstrated that functional and organic psychosomatoses have a uniform type of the development determined by identity of personality characteristics, homogeneity of responses to stress, stereotypy of psychopathological disorders (mostly of upper registry ones) with the formation of peculiar psychogenic somatogenic cycles. Formation of the latter leads to expansion of the spectrum of psychosomatic responsiveness due to the addition of other psychosomatic abnormalities (hypertension, angina pectoris, skin and sexual disturbances, etc.). The development of additional diseases may lead to considerable disadaptation of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Selective intra-arterial vasopression in fusion for upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage: a controlled trial.

In a prospective randomized study, 38 patients with massive upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage, mostly due to esophageal varices or erosive gastritis, were treated with either standard medical therapy or standard therapy plus selective intra-arterial vasopressin infusion. Cessation of hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the vasopressin-treated group. The study design did not permit meaningful comparisons of mortality of transfusion requirements. We conclude that in patients bleeding from esophageal varices or gastritis, selective intra-arterial vasopressin is more effective in controlling hemorrhage than standard therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression of cell membrane complement regulatory glycoproteins along the normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Uncontrolled complement activation may be of immunopathological importance in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Expression of membrane bound factors that regulate complement activation was therefore studied in situ. METHODS: Frozen tissue specimens were obtained from patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis, and from histologically normal controls. Sections were examined by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies to protectin (CD59), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and membrane cofactor protein (MCP). RESULTS: Protectin and MCP were widely expressed in normal and diseased mucosae. MCP was generally observed basolaterally on all epithelial cells, whereas apical protectin expression was more intense on the epithelium of normal colonic mucosa than in the normal duodenum (p = 0.001). Epithelial DAF and to some extent protectin were upregulated in gastritis, coeliac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Areas of the stomach with intestinal metaplasia expressed DAF, unlike the adjacent gastric epithelium. Parietal cells of the gastric body expressed neither protectin nor DAF. CONCLUSION: Epithelial complement inhibitory molecules were expressed differently at various normal gastrointestinal sites and also in association with mucosal disease, suggesting variable protective potential. Such molecules could play a role in the development of gastric atrophy by protecting areas of intestinal metaplasia. Conversely, parietal cells appeared to be potentially vulnerable targets for complement attack.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of Zuccagnia punctata on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice.

A pharmacological evaluation of Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) on the gastrointestinal tract was made in rats and mice. 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone were isolated from Zuccagnia punctata. The data reported in the present work indicate that the acetone extract and infusion of Zuccagnia punctata reduced intestinal transit in rats and mice and offered protection against ethanol-induced ulceration in rats. The Z. punctata effect could be due, in part, to the presence of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone in this plant.

Animals↗