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PubMed1985

Clinical study on the efficacy of clofoctol in the treatment of infectious respiratory diseases.

The effectiveness and the safety of a new chemotherapeutic phenol derivative, clofoctol, was evaluated in adult hospitalized patients affected by infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary tract. The clinical diagnosis included acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung cavitary neoplasm. Expectoration, cough, dyspnoea, respiratory murmur and body temperature were considered as clinical factors to which an arbitrary score was given. Functional respiratory parameters including FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC X 100 were also evaluated. All the patients were treated rectally with clofoctol 1500 mg daily for five days. Bacterial evidence of infection was obtained by sputum culture, which was repeated at the end of treatment. At that time, bacteriological results were 72.4% disappearance of baseline pathogens, 20.7% persistence of baseline pathogens and 6.9% presence of different organisms. Functional respiratory parameters were found to be significantly improved by treatment. Clinical results, arbitrarily evaluated on the basis of the overall assessment of laboratory and functional data, were excellent in 33.3%, good in 44.4%, fair in 5.6% and poor in 16.7% of patients. Tolerance was generally good; side-effects included maculopapular rash in 2 patients and rectal disturbances in 10 patients. In conclusion, for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases clofoctol offers an interesting alternative to antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of respiratory and immunologic changes in the workers of a poultry farm.

The present investigation was designed to the study of respiratory symptoms and immunologic changes in workers of a poultry farm, chronically exposed to various organic allergens (avian, fungi, etc.). The group studied included 202 exposed subjects (109 at the slaughter house, 93 on the farms) and 100 controls. Although the group was chiefly made up of young women, non-smokers, exposure to avian allergens increased the prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Thus, coughing and expectoration was noted in 8.2% of the workers in the slaughter house and 10.7% of those on the farms, wheezing being present especially in the latter (13.9%). An apparently obstructive pulmonary function was observed in 16.10% of the farm hands and 1% of controls. The study of humoral immunity suggested that the presence of precipitation antibodies (76% positive reactions in the farms, 63% in the slaughter house, 44% among the controls) indicated exposure to avian allergens rather than the clinical and radiologic presence of the disease.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1985

[Symptoms of defects in the interrupted development of the bronchopulmonary system].

On the base of the anamnestic clinical characteristic of 181 undergone operations with heart defects with stopped development of broncho-pulmonary system, its discussion is presented. The symptoms cough, expectoration, pain in the respective hemithorax, hemoptysis, etc. are discussed. Every patient with clinical diagnosis "chronic bronchitis" or "recurrent pneumonia" should be sent for thorough examination at qualified medical institution.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1985

Therapeutic activity of ambroxol theophyllinacetate in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

In an open study, 50 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in an acute infectious phase were treated with ambroxol theophyllinacetate. The drug was given orally in a dosage of 100 mg BID for ten days. Viscosimetric data showed a significant decrease of viscosity of the mucus, leading to easier expectoration and reduction in the severity and frequency of cough. These improvements had positive effects on respiratory function and on the condition of the patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Results of treatment with budesonide (Pulmicort) in corticosteroid-dependent intrinsic asthma].

Budesonid is a topical corticosteroid for application by inhalation with a high anti-inflammatory effect. 25 patients (15 women, 10 men, average age 45.3 years) with intrinsic asthma requiring corticosteroids were treated for an average of 36 days with budesonid (Pulmicort dosage aerosol, Astra Sweden) in a dose of 3 X 400 micrograms per day. The basic therapy with beta sympathicomimetics, theophylline preparations and systemic corticosteroids was continued. Changes in the plasmacortisol level (PCS) and the course of the asthma were studied under reduction of the systemic corticosteroid dosage. The mean reduction in dosage of the systemic corticosteroid achieved was almost 2/3 of the initial dosage (p 0.001). The pathologically reduced PCS at the start of the study normalized in 13 patients (52%) to values within the standard range. A significant (p 0.001) mean increase in PCS of 43% was achieved. The eosinophils in the blood underwent no significant change. The peak flow improved by a mean 26% (p 0.001) with respect to the initial values. Despite a reduction in systemic corticosteroids, the symptoms of breathlessness, coughing and expectoration improved or declined practically without exception. Apart from some temporary hoarseness and throat irritation in 5 patients, there were no undesired side effects or incompatibility.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1974

Superinfections of the lung. An evaluation by serial transtracheal aspirations.

A prospective evaluation of cephaloridine, cephalothin, and lincomycin was conducted in 85 patients with pneumonia. None of the 50 with previous history of allergic sensitivity to penicillin had an allergic reaction. All cases of pure "pneumococcal pneumonia" were cured, regardless of the drug. Eight patients with polymicrobial pneumonia were cured by the cephalosporins, while lincomycin was ineffective in four patients who had polymicrobial pneumonia. Although expectorated sputum and exudates from the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal areas contained large concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus and various Gram-negative bacillary species during and at the end of therapy, serial cultures of transtracheal aspirate and the clinical course failed to confirm "superinfection" of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Large bronchial casts.

Unusually large bronchial casts developed in four patients. In two, the casts were associated with pneumonia. In one, a large RBC cast resulted from a complication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Bronchial casts developed in an additional patient as a manifestation of plastic bronchitis. Although unusual, bronchial cast formation may complicate a number of hypersecretory pulmonary diseases. Therapy ordinarily includes specific measures to treat the underlying disease state and maneuvers designed to remove or facilitate the expectoration of bronchial casts.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Pneumococcal infections in military quarters (author's transl)].

A retrospective study on prevalence of pneumococcal in French military recruits of two military districts has been made in 1976 and 1977. Among 185,000 adults, 19 pneumococcal diseases were registered (0,1%). 15 were respiratory infections (10 acute pneumonia). The agent has been isolated of blood (the half) and of others samples : expectoration... (the half). In despite of geographical and climatic differences of two districts, the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia is the same. The low prevalence of that infection results from the age, selection, and medical surveillance of the population studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The association of leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis.

The association of leprosy with pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 20 cases during January 1972 to October 1977. Of these 20 cases, 15 were of lepromatous, 3 of dimorphous and 2 of tuberculoid leprosy. Maximum number of cases were from 3rd decade of life with male to female ratio of 3 : 1. Patients were suffering from the disease for a very long time (8 cases of lepromatous leprosy with duration of illness 10-15 years). The symptoms of leprosy seemed to have preceded to the symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Duration of tuberculosis in most of them was within 6 months (55%). The predominent presenting symptom was cough with expectoration (100%) and fever (80%). Anaemia (75%) and crepitations (60%) were the presenting physical sign mainly. Radiologically bilateral extensive pulmonary lessons were seen in 14 cases (70%). Sputum for acid fast bacilli was positive in 80% of cases. The general condition and nutritional status was poor and death was resulted in 4 cases (3 of lepromatous and 1 of dimorphous leprosy).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections: assessment of Sputa, Washings, Brushings and biopsy specimens.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (washings, brushings and biopsies) was done in 25 cases of proven opportunistic pulmonary infections in compromised hosts. Diagnostic yields of bronchoscopic procedures and expectorated sputum were compared. Sputum examination gave the lowest yield (14 percent). Bronchial washings and brushings were diagnostic in 30 percent and 38 percent of patients, respectively. On transbronchial biopsy of the lung (TBB) pathogens were identified in 75 percent of patients with Pneumocystis carinii infection and 67 percent of patients with other opportunistic infections. The overall TBB yield of 73 percent was superior (P<0.05) to that of either washings or brushings. The yield from combining washings and brushings was greater than from either procedure alone, but combination with TBB did not result in any significant improvement. TBB is recommended as a useful diagnostic procedure in patients with suspected opportunistic pulmonary infections. Morbidity was minimal with this procedure, and the need for thoracotomy was reduced when it was used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Resistive breathing training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A pilot study.

We studied the effects of resistive breathing in 10 patients with long-standing, severe disabling COPD. Small increases in inspiratory resistive load resulted in diaphragmatic fatigue and failure in all patients. Fatigue was detected using the frequency spectrum analysis of an EMG signal obtained with surface electrodes. Failure was defined as an inward displacement of the abdomen during inspiration, i.e. incoordination of thoracoabdominal motion. The patients trained for one half hour daily for 4 weeks, breathing into a simple device, where they inspired against a resistive load that produced some incoordinated breaths. After 4 weeks this load was increased, if possible, and another 4-week training period started. All patients improved with training, i.e. higher resistances could be tolerated without signs of fatigue and failure. In addition most patients claimed that training had helped them in their daily living; they were able to do more without getting short of breath. The device helped expectoration, possibly owing to the effect of the small expiratory resistance.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Contribution to the natural history of chronic bronchitis in coal-miners.

Two epidemiological surveys were made by the same research team on the prevalence and the aetiological factors of chronic bronchitis symptoms in coalminers. The first study was made in a coalminers' community of Belgian Limburg, the other one in a representative sample of coalminers regularly at work. In both surveys an excess of dyspnea complaints was observed in comparison to the prevalence of this symptom in controls. These dyspnea complaints often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, without chronic cough or phlegm production. Dyspnea in excess could not be explained by massive fibrosis. The prevalence of the symptom was not linked, neither to the spirometric values, nor to the results of respiratory challenge tests with acetylcholine, tobacco use, or the length of exposure at the coalface. When dyspnea was associated with cough and phlegm production there was on the contrary a statistically significant relation with the spirometric values and the effect of acetylcholine. It seems therefore reasonable to explain at least partially the isolated dyspnea complaints in coalminers by specific mechanisms not related to bronchitis but resulting from the pathological lesions characteristic of simple pneumoconiosis. Complaints of cough and phlegm production appear as a rule later in the coalminer's life. In the groups taken into consideration in the study they were linked with cigarette smoking which appeared as the predominant aetiological factor for these complaints; in a subgroup a synergic action of coaldust, tobacco use and air pollution could be discussed in this respect. Notwithstanding the pathogenic independence of some dyspnea complaints versus cough and expectoration, it is quite clear that when productive bronchitis develops and causes broncho-obstruction, it may aggravate pre-existing dyspneic patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical experience with ambroxol syrup (author's transl)].

In an open trial trans-4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibromo-benzyl)-amino]-cyclohexanol hydrochloride (ambroxol, NA 872) in the form of ambroxol syrup was given to non-hospitalised patients suffering from acute and chronic bronchitis. A marked reduction in coughing and dyspnoea as well as an improvement in expectoration was apparent. The maximum effect was reached on the third day of treatment. The effect can be maintained by consistent prolongation of the therapy. There were no side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Results of a clinical trial with ambroxol as to postoperative therapy of bronchitis (author's transl)].

The clinical testing of trans-4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibromo-benzyl)amino]cyclohexanol-hydrochloride (ambroxol, NA 872) in surgical patients was carried out over a period of 7 days. Regular application of 60 mg/day showed a clear improvement in subjective symptoms, particularly in cases of bronchitic syndrome. In some patients improvement could be demonstrated objectively by means of sputum viscosimetry. The clinical effect is principally one of facilitation of expectoration and fluidification of mucus, which often prior to therapy is rather viscous. This leads to a favourable influence of the post-operative treatment period. As a rule the substance is well-tolerated. The recommended dose of the drug for the average treatment is 2 ampoules/day i.v. (30 mg) and a single to twice daily inhalation of 2 ml (15 mg) for 5--7 days post-operatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Teflon paste injection into the paralytic vocal fold. A simple procedure to improve disturbed cough function.

Teflon paste injection into the paralytic vocal fold is a simple method for the relief of difficulties with insufficient expectoration and for the prevention of aspiration caused by laryngeal paralysis. The laryngeal valve and voice functions in three patients with unilateral laryngeal paralysis were studied before and after teflon paste injection. Aerodynamic registrations comprised subglottal and supraglottal air pressure and oral air flow during cough and phonation. The aerodynamic records, as well as the patients' own reports, all showed improved laryngeal valve function as a result of the treatment and these improvements were not accompanied by any deterioration in respiratory function as revealed by pre- and postoperative spirometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Value of transparietal lung biopsy in the cytological diagnosis of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas of the lung. Apropos of 3 cases].

Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is a rare primary lung tumour, which is difficult to diagnose by cytological techniques. This peripheral tumour, which develops on pre-existing alveolar walls, is not visible on bronchial endoscopy and brushing is often negative. The cellular material derived from aspiration or expectoration is characterised by numerous papillae, without any cytonuclear criteria of malignancy. The differential diagnosis is very difficult with reactive papillary hyperplasia and various forms of chronic bronchial inflammation. Transparietal aspiration lung biopsy facilitates the diagnosis of glandular carcinoma: the material examined corresponds to pathological tissue, as the biopsy is performed under image intensifier control. An inflammatory lesion is excluded by the rich cellularity and by the presence of architectural features of malignancy: cohesive and three-dimensional clumps of papillary tumour cells. The early cytological diagnosis of bronchiolo-alveolar and primary bronchiolar carcinomas of the lung by transparietal aspiration biopsy can allow the surgical cure of certain localised forms.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of seasonal asthmatic symptoms. A multicentre trial to compare the effects of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (author's transl)].

A randomized multicentre trial was done to investigate the protective effects of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in the therapy of bronchial asthma. 236 patients with seasonal asthmatic symptoms were treated and controlled in the summer of 1978. Both drugs showed a significant improvement of the lung function and a marked reduction of asthmatic symptoms, cough and expectoration.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[5 years of bacteriological analysis. Results and observations].

The Authors examined the bacteriological analysis carried our during a period of five years (June 1971-June 1976), and pointed out the percentage of positivity and sensibility to antibiotics of the bacteria isolated. On a total of 8,263 analysis, 4,327 coprocultures and 2,076 urinocultures have been made, thus occupying the first places in frequency. 195 patogenous enterobacteria have been isolated from coprocultures, corresponding to a positivity of 4.50%. As for the urinocultures positivity reached 43.25%; the germs most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The Authors isolated in the same period 17 strains of Myc. tuberculosis from 115 samples of expectoration (14.7%) and 27 strains from 216 samples of urine (12.5%). By recommending antibiograms, the Authors suggest that the most effective antibiotics against enterobacteria responsable of infections of the urinary and gastrointestinal tract are nalidixic acid and furadantin, cloramfenicolo was ineffective against the isolated Salmonella strains. As for Gram-positive germs some results have been obtained with cefalotine, rifampicin, and cefazolin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗