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PubMed2003

[Cultural dynamics in sexual and reproductive health. Reflections on prevention programs in Latino communities in the United States].

This presentation focuses on the thesis that successful attainment of sexual and reproductive health promotion goals in U.S. Latino communities depends on: 1) the effect of the transcultural and transnational experience in explanatory models of sexuality and human reproduction, 2) the reassessment and redefinition of women's power, 3) the inclusion of men in sexual health education programs, 4) the integration of sexual health education in community systems, and 5) the development of education interventions with economic development components.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1995

Re-engineering drug development: integrating pharmacoeconomic research into the drug development process.

Pharmacoeconomic research will be an increasingly important aspect of drug development as providers, third-party payers, and worldwide government health agencies use cost-effectiveness and quality-of-life data to assist in making decisions on optimal pharmaceutical treatment protocols, formulary listings, and reimbursement. It is in the best interest of pharmaceutical companies to have an established, well-integrated pharmacoeconomic research program that can respond to the dynamic health-care environment and proactively plan a program to optimize patient care. The new paradigm for pharmacoeconomic research will require establishment and successful management of many internal and external customer relationships. This article discusses one company's organization of these relationships and how they are integrated into the drug development process during each stage of the product life cycle.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A program package for quantitative analysis of histologic structure and remodeling dynamics of bone.

Quantitative bone histology has become an increasingly valuable tool for the management and diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. A new computer-assisted method for quantitative analysis of bone histology which combines the advantages of discriminatory input by the investigator with a significant reduction of evaluation time is presented. These programs allow the analysis of a sufficient number of subjects from different populations for the establishment of normative data, and are useful in the diagnosis and documentation of the treatment of metabolic bone disease.

Bone Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMed1995

[A CAE (computer aided engineering) approach to dynamic whole body modeling--the forces iin the lumbar spine in asymmetrical lifting].

Biomechanical models of the human body play an important role in the analysis of the mechanical loading of the musculo-skeletal system. The whole-body model presented in this paper is based on a CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) program that permits the dynamic simulation of complex systems of rigid bodies. The model we developed on this basis consisted of 19 segments and 18 joints. The experimental data are derived from the 3D motion analysis system VICON, which is provided with 5 cameras, a force-plate and a 10-channel EMG recorder. The kinematic data are fed into the simulator after first being processed in a special manner to generate drivers for joint angles. The model was first used to calculate the compression forces generated within the lumbar spine during the asymmetric lifting and putting down of a 15 kg stone. The quasistatic calculation shows a dynamic contribution to the compression forces generated during the lifting of 11%. Increasing or decreasing the inertial moments of the segments by the factor 2 had an effect of less than 1% with the identical movement.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decade of Nepal's family planning program: achievements and prospects.

Knowledge and practice of family planning in Nepal increased considerably from mid-1976 through mid-1986, with significant improvements in the availability of and accessibility to contraceptives. However, a proportionately larger share of the achievements were made during 1976-81 than in 1981-86. The impact on fertility of contraceptive use during the decade was minimal. Knowledge and use of reversible contraceptive methods remained very low, primarily because of the continued strong emphasis on sterilization in Nepal's family planning program. Consequently, the welfare of many couples who may be in need of contraception for spacing births, but not necessarily for terminating childbearing, does not appear to be adequately addressed by the program. A more balanced emphasis on reversible methods of contraception does not necessarily imply that a substantially higher level of contraceptive prevalence would be required to reach the fertility target. Several steps to improve program performance and contraceptive method mix are suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of the effect of a long-term trap-neuter-return and adoption program on a free-roaming cat population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a long-term trap-neuter-return program, with adoption whenever possible, on the dynamics of a free-roaming cat population. DESIGN: Observational epidemiologic study. ANIMALS: 155 unowned free-roaming cats. PROCEDURES: Free-roaming cats residing on a university campus were trapped, neutered, and returned to the environment or adopted over an 11-year period. RESULTS: During the observation period (January 1991 to April 2002), 75% of the cats were feral, and 25% were socialized. Kittens comprised 56% of the original population. Male cats were slightly more numerous (55%) than females. At the conclusion of the observation period, 47% of the cats had been removed for adoption, 15% remained on site, 15% had disappeared, 11% were euthanatized, 6% had died, and 6% had moved to the surrounding wooded environment. Trapping began in 1991; however, a complete census of cats was not completed until 1996, at which time 68 cats resided on site. At completion of the study in 2002, the population had decreased by 66%, from 68 to 23 cats (of which 22 were feral). No kittens were observed on site after 1995, but additional stray or abandoned cats continued to become resident. New arrivals were neutered or adopted before they could reproduce. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A comprehensive long-term program of neutering followed by adoption or return to the resident colony can result in reduction of free-roaming cat populations in urban areas.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent obstetrics.

Adolescent pregnancies are associated with a poorer outcome. These adverse outcomes may be correctable to some extent through social programs. When special efforts are made to meet the needs of a special group, better outcomes are noted. The adolescent is at greater risk for preeclampsia. Correction of this risk is doubtful until the etiology of preeclampsia is discovered. This condition gives the adolescent a greater risk of prematurity and low birthweight in her infant. Most of the other medical risks that have been noted seem to be minimally affected by age.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

[Family Health Program: the experience of a multiprofessional team].

OBJECTIVE: The Family Health Program proposes a new dynamics for the structuring of health service, as well as for its relationship with the community in its different levels of care. The aim of the present study was to analyze the significance of teamwork for professionals working in the Family Health Program. METHODS: The study was carried out in the city of Conchas, Southeastern Brazil, in 2004. We used a qualitative approach based on phenomenology as an attempt to reveal the essence of the reality experienced by eight professionals from two Family Health Program teams. RESULTS: Themes revealed that teamwork is characterized by dedication to daily activities. Interaction among all members is required for integral action, although there are differences in ideology and conduct between professionals. Close contact with families has allowed for more efficient interventions, and integrated work is essential for efficacious, high-quality care. CONCLUSIONS: The phenomenon unveiled gives origin to a new perspective of action for professionals and furthers our understanding of multiprofessional teamwork.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Solution structure of the oxidized Fe7S8 ferredoxin from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus schlegelii by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

The solution structure of the paramagnetic seven-iron ferredoxin from Bacillus schlegelii in its oxidized form has been determined by 1H NMR. The protein, which contains 77 amino acids, is thermostable. Seventy-two residues and 79% of all theoretically expected proton resonances have been assigned. The structure has been determined through torsion angle dynamics calculations with the program DYANA, using 966 meaningful NOEs (from a total of 1305), hydrogen bond constraints, and NMR derived dihedral angle constraints for the cluster ligating cysteines, and by using crystallographic information to build up the two clusters. Afterwards, restrained energy minimization and restrained molecular dynamics were applied to each conformer of the family. The final family of 20 structures has RMSD values from the mean structure of 0.68 A for the backbone atoms and of 1.16 A for all heavy atoms. The contributions to the thermal stability of the B. schlegelii ferredoxin are discussed by comparing the present structure to that of the less stable Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I which is the only other available structure of a bacterial seven-iron ferredoxin. It is proposed that the hydrophobic interactions and the hydrogen bond network linking the N-terminus and the C-terminus together and a high number of salt bridges contribute to the stability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

A dynamic two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis database: the mycobacterial proteome via Internet.

Proteome analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and mass spectrometry, in combination with protein chemical methods, is a powerful approach for the analysis of the protein composition of complex biological samples. Data organization is imperative for efficient handling of the vast amount of information generated. Thus we have constructed a 2-D PAGE database to store and compare protein patterns of cell-associated and culture-supernatant proteins of different mycobacterial strains. In accordance with the guidelines for federated 2-DE databases, we developed a program that generates a dynamic 2-D PAGE database for the World-Wide-Web to organise and publish, via the internet, our results from proteome analysis of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains. The uniform resource locator for the database is http://www.mpiib-berlin.mpg.de/2D-PAGE and can be read with a Java compatible browser. The interactive hypertext markup language documents displayed are generated dynamically in each individual session from a rational data file, a 2-D gel image file and a map file describing the protein spots as polygons. The program consists of common gateway interface scripts written in PERL, minimizing the administrative workload of the database. Furthermore, the database facilitates not only interactive use, but also worldwide active participation of other scientific groups with their own data, requiring only minimal computer hardware and knowledge of information technology.

Bacterial Proteins↗