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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Impaired immunity in harbour seals [Phoca vitulina] fed environmentally contaminated herring.

In recent years, mass mortalities among seals and dolphins have been attributed to infections with different morbilliviruses. In all cases, these marine top predators were exposed to high levels of persistent lipophilic environmental contaminants accumulated through the food chain. This observation led to the hypothesis that a contaminant-related suppression of the immune system might have contributed to the severity of the virus outbreaks. We conducted a semi-field feeding experiment, in which we fed two groups of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) fish with different levels of contaminants. During a period of 2 1/2 years, blood samples were taken at regular intervals, and the functioning of different compartments of the immune system was monitored and compared. We found impaired natural killer (NK) and specific T cell responses in the seals fed contaminated fish. This is the first demonstration of immunosuppression in mammals following chronic exposure to environmental contaminants at ambient environmental levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Household pets among veterans with multiple sclerosis and age-matched controls. Pilot survey.

A pilot study was carried out among 22 Vietnam-era male US veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 55 age- and sex-matched controls for prior exposure to dogs, cats, and animals with a distemperlike illness. No difference in dog ownership, or sick animals, and subsequent human illness was found in the group with MS or the control group. However, the distribution of dogs by indoor-outdoor status, as reported by patients with MS or controls, showed significant variation by tier of residence. Indoor dogs were more common in northern than southern latitudes, and this may be an important finding in light of the variation in the risk of MS with latitude.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congener levels and patterns and the identification of separate populations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Denmark.

Blubber samples from 21 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), found dead on Danish beaches during the morbilli virus epidemic in 1988, have been analyzed for toxic coplanar chlorinated biphenyl (CB) congeners. The 21 samples consist of seven samples from 1-2-year-old animals (both males and females) from each of three geographical separate locations: The Limfjord, the Kattegat, and the Wadden Sea. The level of the CBs, defined as the sum of all the measured CB congeners, were highest in the samples from the Wadden Sea and lowest in the Limfjord samples. The quotient between highest level and lowest level was 4. Toxic equivalency factors given by Safe (1990) was used for calculation of the contribution to dioxin-like toxicity from the coplanar CB congeners, and the result was compared to literature data on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans in harbor seal. CB congeners CB-118, CB-156, CB-157, and CB-105 were major contributors to sigma TEQ in all samples. The patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in harbor seals from the three locations were compared by principal component analysis. The two first principal components could separate the samples in groups corresponding to each of the three geographical locations. The geographical and biological variations were estimated from the data. It was shown, that the geographical variation was the largest. Possible reasons behind the geographical variation in CB congener patterns are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

A review of the etiology of multiple sclerosis.

The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis and the influence of migration on the risk of contracting it point to an environmental factor as cause of the disease. This environmental factor might be a virus which might produce the demyelination process through an autoimmune reaction against components of the central nervous system. The other possible cause of multiple sclerosis is a genetic susceptibility, inferred from the higher risk for the disease found among relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis and on the association between the disease and some histocompatibility antigens of the HLA system. Both theories seem to be correct, with the environmental factors(s) causing multiple sclerosis only in the presence of a genetic susceptibility.

Age Factors↗