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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Preoperative planning in hip endoprosthetics: presenting a computer-assisted system using CAD software].

The implantation of hip prostheses is a complex operation if one takes in consideration the peculiar features of the different types of implants, the knowledge and skill of the surgeon and the differing characteristics of the patients. In particular, biomechanical parameters have to be respected if a good long-term outcome is to be achieved. Normally the planning of the operation is done with colored pencils and tracing paper. In this paper we present a computer-based system for the planning of arthroplasty with which it is possible to obtain precise two-dimensional simulation of the operation after entering the bone contours, as visualized radiographically, into CAD software.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Environmental uses of the NIH-EPA chemical information system.

A publicly accessible computer system for chemical information has been developed jointly by a number of agencies of the U.S. government. The system contains spectroscopic, crystallographic, toxicological, and regulatory data for more than 200,000 chemicals. The entire data base may be searched for a particular chemical structure or substructure, whose properties may then be retrieved. Alternatively, searching with numeric properties data is possible, permitting the identification of chemicals. Access is by local telephone call, and the system is used on a fee-for-service basis by organizations in over 20 countries. An important application of the system is to problems of chemical pollution.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer modeling of interactions of an electric motor, circulatory system, and rotary blood pump.

The innovative ventricular assist systems (IVAS) is the next generation ventricular assist device for use as a permanent implantable device. Its practical application depends upon control of the electric motor and interactions of the electric motor, blood pump, and circulatory system. Computer modeling and simulation are necessary to investigate and evaluate the interactions and feasibility of sophisticated control algorithms. In this paper, a computer model of the complete system, including the cardiovascular system, blood pump, and electric motor, is proposed. The model is obtained based on an electric circuit model of the cardiovascular system, a parametric model of the blood pump, and a dynamic model of the electric motor. The cardiovascular system uses nonlinear parameters to simulate the time-varying property of the ventricles, and the cannula collapse effect caused by over-pumping. The blood pump model can be obtained either from pump design data, or test data. The motor control can be operated with closed-loop regulation, depending upon physiologic requirements. Different operation modes (current or speed) of the electric motor can be simulated. The computer model is implemented using MATLAB. Various motor operation modes are simulated and their effects are evaluated. By adjusting the motor input, the pump can achieve proper output so that normal physiology can be obtained. In addition to evaluating existing operation modes and their effect on the physiologic system, the computer simulation results show that this computer model can contribute significantly to the development of new physiologic control algorithms. It is demonstrated that, using this motor-pump-physiology interaction model, development of an innovative ventricular assist system can be greatly facilitated.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

Telemedicine system using computed tomography van of high-speed telecommunication vehicle.

The current medical system provides medical services to patients who visit hospitals. However, medical services can be provided at or close to the home of the patient using fully equipped mobile telemedicine systems. Such a system can identify the disease at an early stage, improve quality of life and prognosis through early diagnosis and treatment, and reduce the costs of medical service. Furthermore, the unit can provide mass screenings of the population, as well as full medical service to remote areas. The Telecommunications Advanced Organization of Japan, Matsumoto, Japan, and Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan, established a research center for a unique telemedicine project using a mobile system. The mobile unit consists of a van that houses a spiral computed-tomography (CT) machine and various telecommunications equipment. The unit allows medical examination, CT scanning, and on-line two-way transfer of image data/teleconferencing to a medical center for consultation with various specialists. We have used the system thus far for the early detection of lung cancer through mass screenings over a four-year period in 29 administrative districts. Mass screenings of 19117 residents resulted in the identification of 75 cases of early lung cancer who were later treated by partial pneumonectomy at Shinshu University Hospital and affiliated hospitals. We have also used the system to provide medical services to rural areas, as telemedicine support at remote areas, wintertime telemedicine support to an international sports competition, and various medical services to a home-care facility.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Precise water vapor pressure value calculations.

Precise values for water vapor pressure in saturated systems may be computed using the Goff-Gratch equation. This equation has been adapted for convenient use on microcomputers. A Microsoft BASIC listing of the programming version of the equation is presented. This BASIC version may be easily translated into other high level programming languages and thus is suitable for use on many computer systems for routine laboratory computations.

Manometry↗
PubMed1993

An evaluation of a hypertext system for computer-assisted learning in orthodontics.

A computer-assisted learning (CAL) package developed for undergraduate teaching in orthodontics is described. The programme makes use of the principle of 'hypertext'. The ability of undergraduates to learn from the programme is evaluated and compared to students taught conventionally. The opinions of the undergraduates who tried the programme are sought and discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

General purpose digital display system for computed tomography images.

The authors describe a microprocessor-based digital image display system utilizing a solid-state image memory with a high quality television-type monitor for display of computed tomography images. It is an alternative to a commercially available display system, and offers the potential for research in digital image display. It is now under clinical evaluation. Image input to the stand-alone display system is via 9-track magnetic tape common to almost all CT machines, and it may be programmed to accept digital tapes from any type of CT machine and display them in a common format.

Data Display↗
PubMed2006

Agents in bioinformatics, computational and systems biology.

The adoption of agent technologies and multi-agent systems constitutes an emerging area in bioinformatics. In this article, we report on the activity of the Working Group on Agents in Bioinformatics (BIOAGENTS) founded during the first AgentLink III Technical Forum meeting on the 2nd of July, 2004, in Rome. The meeting provided an opportunity for seeding collaborations between the agent and bioinformatics communities to develop a different (agent-based) approach of computational frameworks both for data analysis and management in bioinformatics and for systems modelling and simulation in computational and systems biology. The collaborations gave rise to applications and integrated tools that we summarize and discuss in context of the state of the art in this area. We investigate on future challenges and argue that the field should still be explored from many perspectives ranging from bio-conceptual languages for agent-based simulation, to the definition of bio-ontology-based declarative languages to be used by information agents, and to the adoption of agents for computational grids.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1980

Pancreatic pseudocyst simulating dilated biliary duct system on computed tomography.

A case of pseudocyst simulating the biliary ductal system is reported. Several CT findings indicate that the biliary system was not involved: (a) no dilatation of the more proximal intrahepatic biliary radicles; (b) the gallbladder was not distended; (c) lucency extending to the left at the level of the pancreas; (d) a position more medial and anterior than anatomic for the distal common bile duct.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The Cancer Care Monitor: psychometric content evaluation and pilot testing of a computer administered system for symptom screening and quality of life in adult cancer patients.

Technology is making the routine screening of symptoms and the measurement of quality of life (QoL) more feasible at the point of care. However, most existing symptom screening scales and QoL measures were not developed for clinical use and were not formatted and validated for administration through computerized mediums. The Cancer Care Monitor (CCM) is a symptom-based scale developed for administration on pen-based computers. This study is an initial evaluation of the reliability and validity of the CCM. Three samples of adult outpatients provided ratings on 38 physical, psychological, and functional oriented items of the CCM that comprise six symptom scales and one global QoL index. All additive scales are converted to normalized T scores. Reliability was examined through internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity were examined by comparing CMM scores to established measures of corresponding constructs and physician judgments. Alternative forms reliability was established by comparing paper and pencil administration with computer administration. Internal consistency reliability and factor analyses confirmed the structure of the CCM as comprising six primary symptom scales and one global QoL index. Internal consistency reliabilities ranged from 0.80 to 0.89. The pattern of correlations between CCM scales and established measures supported the convergent and divergent validity of the CCM scales. Alternate forms reliability based on paper and computer forms of the CCM scales was high. Patients indicated a preference for the computer-administered version. Results suggest that CCM items can be scored as a reliable and valid measure of constructs related to physical, psychological, and functional status, and global health-related QoL in adult cancer patients. Future studies should replicate and further evaluate the properties of the CCM, especially in relation to clinical utility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Not so fast! The dark side of computers in health care.

There are now computers in numerous health care devices, from thermometers to ventilators, and there are pitfalls to avoid in our increasing dependence on computers. To be useful, information must be delivered in the right context. Computer systems must be protected from worms, viruses, and other harmful code, and they must prevent unauthorized access to data. The source of all underlying decision algorithms must be known and appropriate for the population being served. And there must be contingency plans to mitigate losses caused by system unavailability.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2001

A program designed to monitor the course and management of depressive illness across the primary/secondary interface.

Information Technology (IT) is an increasingly important area for all aspects of life in the twenty first century. Computers have an impact on both our home life and our work life with information on many aspects of our lives being held on computer systems, some of which we are unaware. Despite this universal progression towards IT, certain areas within the National Health Service are still considered to be somewhat old fashioned in their tendency to resolutely adhere to recording information on paper. One of these areas is that of the mental health services, which perhaps given the nature of having a number of care sites makes it well suited to having the use of a well designed computer system capable of collating and co-ordinating all aspects of patient's management. This paper describes the development and implementation of a computer system designed to hold information on patients with depressive disorder across all mental health sites within both primary and secondary care. Data were manually input from patients' case notes onto a specially designed system at all sites and were then merged onto a master database by use of a patient's NHS number. Ultimately the master database held data on the entire course and management of 914 patients who suffered from depressive disorder that came within the two general practice catchment area. Professional perceptions of the usefulness of the database are discussed along with suggestions for promoting the implementation of such a system within mental health services nationwide.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1995

A co-ordinated IT system for the improved management of the blood supply.

Historically, most computer systems have been backward looking and have been introduced as a method of dealing with increasingly complex practices. For the Service to exploit the potential benefits of information technology, today's systems must be forward looking, support the Service's strategy and help shape the Service, not merely reflect it. To do this the starting point for the design of the Service's information systems must be the needs of the customer. It is therefore intended to replace the Service's current 12 incompatible computer systems with a single, standard system. Benefits will begin to be realized immediately following implementation of the chosen system in the first site; however, the benefits will not be fully realized until after successful implementation of the last site. The following is a non-exhaustive list of some of the benefits that the Service is seeking to achieve by implementing a coordinated IT system.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2005

Verification imaging using a computed radiography system for high-energy electron beam therapy.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine a method to more conveniently acquire verification images. A computed radiography (CR) system was employed using a photostimulable phosphor plate and diagnostic cassette used for taking diagnostic X-ray photographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Verification images were acquired using the diagnostic cassette and therapy cassette. Image processing parameters were adjusted to improve the image quality. Verification images were printed using optimum parameters, and 10 radiation technicians visually evaluated the images. The sign test was used, and image quality was evaluated using a two-sided test at a 5% level of significance. To assess its clinical value, a radiation oncologist evaluated patient verification images. RESULTS: Verification image quality was improved by the adjustment of image processing parameters. As a result of the image quality evaluation, there were no significant differences between the two types of cassette (p>0.05). In most of the clinical cases (98%), the verification images were useful. CONCLUSION: We found that good quality verification images were acquired by a CR system with a diagnostic cassette. This system is suitable for practical use to acquire daily verification images, and it is considered useful for maintaining quality assurance (QA) in high-energy electron beam therapy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An computer information system for genetic engineering].

The article describes the vectors data base and the software for its use (the VECTOR-PC system). At present the prototype versions of data base and VECTOR-PC exist and are in test exploitation. The original data base entry format contains 17 main fields for specific genetic engineering information. The VECTOR-PC system includes programs for data base search and support, and also the "genetic engineering designer", which allows the user to design his own hypothetic structures from the objects of data base and to receive detailed information about them. The system is destined for IBM PC or compatible computers.

Genetic Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electronic medical records for prenatal patients: challenges and solutions.

A longstanding impediment to successful medical computing is resistance on the part of physicians. Interaction with many medical computing systems is difficult, requiring the physician to spend valuable time and energy trying to figure out how to get the machine to do what needs to be done. In developing encounter forms for use in prenatal medical records, we confronted the challenges involved in designing a computing system that provides an intuitive and physician-friendly method of recording clinical data. In trying to meet those challenges, we also learned about how to evaluate a medical computing system for flexibility and ease of use.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

"DMS," a computer-assisted system for quantitating motility, the dynamics of cytoplasmic flow, and pseudopod formation: its application to Dictyostelium chemotaxis.

A computer-assisted Dynamic Morphology System (DMS) is described that allows the rapid quantitation of more than 30 parameters of motility and dynamic morphology for up to 40 amebae in parallel. This system also generates "difference pictures" for characterizing the dynamics of pseudopod formation. A 3-D DMS is described, and application of DMS to problems of motility and chemotaxis in normal and mutant cells of Dictyostelium discoideum is reviewed.

Chemotaxis↗