Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Complement Fixation Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

An indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) for bovine brucellosis.

A simple indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) was developed to avoid the problem of prozones in the complement fixation test (CFT) for bovine brucellosis. It makes use of a sheep or bovine erythrocytes, treated with a crude lipopolysaccharide fraction of Br. abortus, which are lysed by specific antibody in the presence of excess complement (C'). A number of bovine serum which gave large prozones in the warm CFT, and some in which C'-fixation was completely blocked, were found to react to high titre, without prozones, in the IHLT. Following primary vaccination with Br. abortus strain 19, fewer animals gave positive reactions in the IHLT than in the CFT. Following two doses of 45/20 vaccine, however, positive reactions were more frequent in the IHLT than in the CFT. Preliminary studies of serums from animals known to be infected indicate that the IHLT may be of diagnostic value. The test is easy to carry out, especially when bovine erythrocytes are used, since very few bovine serums require preliminary absorption.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and characterization of partially purified leptospiral antigens.

The methanol extract of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was purified by precipitation with acetone or acetone and chloroform. The antigenicity of the antigen was not altered by heating or treatment with pepsin and pronase. However the antigenicity was lost when the antigen was treated with periodic acid. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of 40% carbohydrate (22% methylpentose, 28% hexoses), 4% protein, 20% lipid and 2.7% phosphate. The complement fixation test with sera from patients with leptospirosis agreed with the microscopic agglutination reaction.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2002

Diagnosis and screening of foot-and-mouth disease.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) diagnostic methods are reviewed. As the presence of clinical signs alone is inconclusive, laboratory diagnosis should always be carried out. The presence of FMD virus can be demonstrated by cell culture isolation, complement fixation test, ELISA or the more recent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serological diagnosis is also a valuable tool. The virus neutralization test has been replaced by ELISA and the antibody response to some viral non-structural proteins allows to discriminate between vaccinated and infected animals on a herd basis. More rapid and accurate tests as well as an earlier detection system in preclinical state are still needed.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

Experimental Babesia equi infection in mature horses.

Nine 4-year-old Arabian geldings were experimentally infected with Babesia equi of European origin. All horses developed detectable parasitemia an average of 30 days after they were inoculated, which was accompanied by a decrease in PCV. The infections were generally mild with no animal deaths. All horses became serologically positive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test within an average of 23 days after they were inoculated and by the complement-fixation test 30 days after they were inoculated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Swine brucellosis in Indonesia.

Brucella suis biotype 1 was isolated from 13.1% of the pigs slaughtered in Kapuk Jakarta, West Java and from 15.09% of the pigs slaughtered in Surabaya, East Java. The prevalence of B. suis by means of the Rose Bengal Plate Test, was 22.3% for West Java and 14.9% for East Java. The Rose Bengal Plate Test detected more B. suis infected animals (73% of the infected animals) than did the Complement Fixation Test (41%) and the Serum Agglutination Test (54.5%). The high infection rate is a potential health danger for the abattoir workers.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum immunoglobulin A antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies was developed. An antigen consisting of purified adenovirus type 2 hexons or a crude lysate of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells was first adsorbed onto polystyrene beads. The coated beads were then incubated with dilutions of serum, and IgA antibodies which attached to the solid-phase virus antigen were subsequently detected with 125I-labeled anti-human alpha antibodies. The anti-human alpha antibodies used were isolated by immunosorbent chromatography from rabbit antiserum produced by immunization with IgA purified from serum of an IgA myeloma patient. A total of 46 serum specimens from 13 patients with respiratory syncytial virus infections and 10 patients with adenovirus infections were tested. Complement fixation, homologous IgG and IgM radioimmunoassay, and heterologous IgA radioimmunoassay testing were also done. Specific values higher than 10,000 cpm were often reached with convalescent serum specimens, and positive-to-negative serum binding ratios of 50 or more were frequently obtained with lower serum dilutions. IgA titers of convalescent sera were from 1,000 to 16,000, and with few exceptions a fourfold or greater rise in the IgA titer was detected in the homologous IgA radioimmunoassay.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves by the complement fixation reaction].

Studied was tentatively the occurrence of a respiratory syncytial virus infection on some farms with records of the disease. Investigations were carried out on the base of the complement-fixation test (CFT) specially worked out and on the specific complement-fixing antigen obtained from a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Tested were several methods for the production of a complement-fixing antigen. Most appropriate proved the one obtained by the extraction of an infected cell monolayer in glycerine buffer saline. It was stated that CFT was a proper test for the rapid herd diagnosis of BRSV infection. The study of double serum samples from 240 calves involved in 40 enzootics revealed that CFT could successfully be employed in 18 per cent of the cases of respiratory infections in calves in as many as 17 enzootics. However, the etiologic part played by the virus was dominating in some of these enzootics only. In the remaining ones the participation of the virus was either partial or sporadic.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Methods and procedures for use of complement-fixation technique in type- and strain-specific diagnosis of influenza.

It is now well established that there are two kinds of complement-fixing antigens of influenza virus: the soluble, type-specific, antigens, found mainly in infected tissue but also within the virus particle; and the virus, strain-specific, antigens, closely linked with the haemagglutinating component. For true results in complement-fixation testing in influenza, antigens or antisera of the one kind must be free of the other kind. This paper describes in detail the preparation of reagents for such testing and a variety of basic aspects of test procedures.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1975

Isolation and antigenic characteristics of axial filaments from the Reiter Treponeme.

Axial filaments were isolated and purified from Reiter treponemes after detergent solubilization of the cells" outer envelope. The axial filaments were separated from the spirochetal cells by shearing, purified by density gradient centrifugation, and fragmented by ultrasonication. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of dissociated filaments revealed two major protein bands. Gel diffusion precipitin tests and immunoelectrophoresis between a purified axial filament suspension and anti-Reiter treponeme serum gave a single precipitin line. Checkerboard complement fixation tests also gave results consistent with a single antigen-antibody system. Tests with immune sera to other cultivable spirochetes were positive with some and negative with others. In addition, strongly positive reactions were obtained in complement fixation and precipitin tests with sera from rabbits and humans with syphilis and other treponematoses. However, both serological tests gave reactions of partial identity between the antigen(s) of Reiter treponeme axial filaments and those of the pathogenic treponemes. It was concluded from these studies that the axial filaments were probably the cellular locus of the so-called "Reiter protein" antigen of syphilis serology.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei infections in horses: state-of-the-art and perspectives.

Burkholderia mallei causes glanders or farcy in solipeds, a disease that must be reported to the OIE (Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France). The number of reported outbreaks has increased steadily during the last decade. Serodiagnosis is hampered by the considerable number of false-positives and -negatives of the internationally prescribed tests. The major problem leading to low sensitivity and specificity of complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been linked to the test antigens currently used, i.e. crude preparations of whole cells. Future perspectives for the development and evaluation of serological test kits using well-characterized single antigens are discussed in the light of recent molecular research on B. mallei and the closely related saprozoonotic agent B. pseudomallei.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Brucellosis in heifers weaned from seropositive dams.

Fifty-six heifers were weaned from dams that were card-test positive for brucellosis. Forty-four dams were positive by rivanol and complement-fixation tests and Brucella abortus field strain was isolated from 14. Numbers of expected pregnancies following natural breeding and numbers of viable calves produced were not reduced in the heifers. Persistent B abortus infection was documented in 2 of 37 parturient heifers from reactor dams. The frequency of infection was 1 of 10 in strain 19-vaccinated heifers, and 1 of 27 in nonvaccinated heifers. The 2 persistently infected heifers had atypical serologic reaction patterns before normal parturitions.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

Antibodies to spotted fever group rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii among domestic animals in southern Croatia.

The sera of dogs, goats, sheep and cattle (total 153) from the Kastelas' bay area (middle part of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea) were tested for antibodies against Rickettsia conorii and Coxiella burnetii by a complement fixation test. The overall percentages of positive sera among the tested animals were 23.9% for R. conorii and 16.4% for C. burnetii. The results show that animals in this area are clearly being exposed to spotted fever group rickettsiae as well as to C. burnetii. For comparison, six sheep sera from the flock, living in known Q fever focus in hinterland area and linked with outbreak of Q fever among owners were tested. Antibodies to C. burnetii but not for R. conorii were present in all six sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Coxsackievirus group B antibodies.

An indirect, solid phase, microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was found to be highly sensitive and reliable for detecting antibodies to the group B Coxsackieviruses and other picornaviruses. Conditions for obtaining maximum sensitivity and reproducibility of the indirect ELISA are described. Antibody titres were comparable to those obtained by the virus neutralization test and over 50 times higher than those obtained by the complement-fixation test. Purified virions used in the indirect ELISA reacted with low levels of cross-reacting heterotypic antibodies elicited by each of the six group B Coxsackieviruses, although homotypic reactions resulted in highest titres.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between serological and immunofluorescence results in the investigation of brucellosis in veterinary surgeons.

Four serological tests and three immunofluorescence tests for IgG, IgM, and IgA were compared for value in the investigation of brucellosis in veterinary surgeons. No one serological test stood out over the others, and the immunofluorescence tests did not appear to have advantages over the serological tests. If a laboratory is limited in time and resources then the saline agglutination or the complement fixation test would be reasonably satisfactory. The 2-mercaptoethanol test and the antihuman globulin (Coombs' test) have no advantages over the other two and could be dropped. Immunofluorescence tests are not recommended for routine testing of brucellosis sera. The results and these recommendations apply to the 'vet' sera tested; it is reasonable to suppose that what applies to 'vet' sera will also apply to sera of those who work with or are in repeated contact with cattle and who will have had previous experience of brucella antigen, that is, dairy farmers, herdsmen, or slaughter house employees.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Immunological studies on equine phycomycosis.

One in vivo and 2 in vitro tests were developed to study immunological aspects of phycomycosis in clinically infected, recovered and normal in-contact horses. Serum from all infected horses gave positive readings in an agar-gel double diffusion test; serum from normal and recovered horses did not react. A complement fixation test detected antibody against Hyphomyces destruens in 82% clinical cases at an average titre of 20. Serum from recovered and in-contact horses reacted sporadically at positive titre. An intradermal hypersensitivity test (Heaf test) was used to detect evidence of cellular immunity to H. destruens. Positive tests were observed in 64% of clinically infected horses, 100% of recovered animals and 31% of normal in-contact horses. Negative tests in the clinically infected group were thought to be due either anergy in chronic cases or no stimulation in very acute cases. It was concluded that many horses showed evidence of past contact with H. destruens and had acquired resistance to infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of North American antibody detection tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in goats.

The sensitivities and specificities of 17 antibody detection tests for brucellosis in goats were estimated. Tests evaluated included the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) card test with 8% cell concentration (8%Card), USDA rapid automated presumptive test (RAP), Mexican rose bengal plate tests with 8 and 3% cell concentrations (8%RB and 3%RB), French rose bengal plate test with 4.5% cell concentration (4.5%RB), USDA standard plate test (SPT), USDA buffered acidified plate agglutination test (BAPA), USDA and Mexican rivanol tests (URIV and MRIV), USDA standard tube tests with Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antigens (SATA and SATM), serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), USDA cold-fixation complement fixation tests with B. abortus and B. melitensis antigens (CFA and CFM), USDA and Mexican milk ring tests (UBRT and MBRT), and a milk ELISA. Test sensitivity was evaluated by using two groups of 10 goats experimentally infected with B. melitensis or B. abortus and monitored for 24 weeks. Specificity was evaluated by using 200 brucellosis-free nonvaccinated goats from 10 California herds. The 3%RB was considered a good screening test because of high sensitivity at week 24 postinfection (90%), ease of performance, and low cost. The cold-fixation CFA and CFM had 100% specificity in the field study and were considered appropriate confirmatory tests. The milk ELISA was significantly more sensitive (P < 0.05) than the UBRT and significantly more specific (P < 0.05) than the MBRT. The milk ELISA also had the advantage of objectivity and ease of interpretation.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1968

A review of serological tests for the diagnosis of hydatid disease.

Reviewing the literature on hydatid serology for the period 1958-66, the author concludes that the complement-fixation test is not the most sensitive procedure but may have value for postoperative evaluation. The haemagglutination, bentonite-flocculation and latex-agglutination tests are the procedures of choice at present. The fluorescent-antibody test shows much promise, but requires further evaluation. The intradermal test performed with standardized antigen is useful for diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Reliable serological diagnosis of hydatid disease in animals awaits the use of more specific antigen. Although many related species share common antigens with Echinococcus granulosus, the sensitivity of the diagnostic serological tests is high because of the strongly specific response elicited by the specific antigens used. the need for further standardization of both antigen and test procedure is pointed out.

Agglutination Tests↗