Teens need comprehensive sex education.
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Communication Programs”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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Suggestion systems, an answer to perennial problems.
Suggestion systems, as one of our five panelists puts it, are no longer just the "complaint box" on the wall, but a formal communication vehicle which taps employee creativity, improves morale, and saves your company time and money. This comprehensive report is for those organizations who are interested in setting up a suggestion system program and for those whose present programs could be bettered.
Communication↗
Communicating with physicians: one hospital's approach.
Experience with the PAL program has demonstrated that it takes approximately six months to one year for a PAL relationship to build trust and open communication. By the end of the sixth month, the relationship is usually established to the point that the physician and office staff voluntarily call on the PAL manager with concerns requiring attention. Riverside continues to explore ways to build and strengthen the PAL Program. At a recent hospital managerial conference, managers and physicians discussed the hospital-physician relationship and collaborated on ways to improve communications and alliances with the medical staff. In addition, hospital-sponsored social events that provide opportunities for physicians and PAL managers to interact outside the workplace have been introduced and well received. As the health care delivery system undergoes transformation and implementation of the computerized patient record becomes a reality, the PAL Program will serve as a foundation in the establishment of new programs and relationships between the hospital and the medical staff that will ensure Riverside's future success in the marketplace.
Hospital Administrators↗
Effect of Federal programs on health sciences libraries.
The radical changes and improvements in health sciences libraries during the last quarter century have been primarily achieved through the leadership of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) in the application of technology and in the creation of a biomedical communications network. This article describes principal programs and activities of the National Library of Medicine and their effects on health sciences libraries: the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS), implementation of the Medical Library Assistance Act (MLAA), and defense of "fair use" of copyrighted material. The article briefly summarizes more recent Federal activities which directly affect access to and dissemination of health information and concludes with a summary of problems for which solutions must be found if health sciences libraries are to be prepared to meet the future. It is clear from comparing the programs described with current government attitudes that, although the Federal government has promoted advancement in the dissemination of biomedical information in the past, this trend is reversing, and Federal funding to libraries is decreasing while the cost of accessing information is increasing.
Forecasting↗
Management of a point-of-care program. Organization, quality assurance, and data management.
Management of a POCT program can be difficult. Cooperation and communication are essential. Creating an interdisciplinary POCT committee is key to successful management. Each discipline through its expertise and common goal to provide quality patient care contributes to the success of the program. The development of a comprehensive QA program ensures that POCT results are accurate, reliable, and performed by competent personnel, and that regulatory compliance is achieved. Continuous quality improvement diminishes the POCT program's potential for undesirable outcomes. Ultimately, the patient benefits, with quality patient care and improved outcomes. Improved data management is necessary with the increased demands for point-of-care tests and the volume of data already generated to ensure quality of results and still meet regulatory guidelines. More automated systems are needed to eliminate labor- and time-intensive tasks. The function of downloading data requires complete automation and transparency for nursing and other testing personnel to gain complete cooperation. The future for data management, however, looks promising for meeting the needs of today.
Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
Well-designed and well-administered executive incentive plans do work.
Executive incentive plans in the health-care industry, virtually unheard of a decade ago, are becoming a critical part of the overall integrated management system. These plans are necessary today to drive improved performance and overall success in the increasingly difficult health-care environment. This article describes (1) incentive growth, (2) the components of a successful executive incentive program, (3) how an incentive program drives business strategies, performance, and philosophy, and (4) the overall benefits of a well-designed and well-administered program.
Communication↗
[Cancer can be "restricted" using the international program "Reach to Recovery"].
An important problem of communication between oncologists, society and cancer patients is discussed using the instance of breast cancer patients. It is suggested that higher general awareness of cancer can raise the cultural standards of the population. Cancer patients can improve the quality of their life by accessing the experience of the Reach-to-Recovery Program which envisages recruiting selected and specially-trained people who had cancer. The first detailed descriptions of the goals, objectives, regulations and problems involved in volonteer oncologists work are starting to appear on the pages of scientific journals in Russian. The practical success of this international program are illustrated by the achievements of the Association Nadezhda which has been active in St. Petersburg for 10 years. The damaging effect of cancer diagnosis on morale can be effectively dealt with only by joint effort. Each member of society must be aware of his or her responsibility for his or her own health and fully realize all advantages of early medical advice as well as devastating consequences when it is sought too late.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Stakeholder evaluation of a high-risk prenatal nutrition intervention program in Prince Edward Island.
Since 1971, a Prince Edward Island prenatal program has provided nutrition support to pregnant women at high risk for poor birth outcomes. Provincial changes in the delivery of health care services since 1986 have caused concern that the program is becoming less effective. The current research was designed to evaluate stakeholders satisfaction with the program; it was part of a larger study conducted in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate overall program effectiveness. Nutritionists (n=9), referring health professionals (n=57), and clients (n=50) completed a survey. The results indicated that program satisfaction was high for all stakeholders. Perceived program strengths included the counselling approach, program quality, food and income supplements, and accessibility. Perceived program weaknesses included inadequate staff/time, administrative requirements, limited communication/awareness, the counselling approach, and difficulty contacting clients. Recommendations for improvement fall into four key areas: staff services, program delivery, the counselling approach, and communication. The findings suggest that the components of prenatal education considered important vary among clients and staff, and that the relationship developed between staff and clients during counselling is an important contributor to program success.
Cross-Sectional Studies↗
Quality-of-life factors in adolescent inflammatory bowel disease.
Little is known about the specific psychosocial factors that influence quality of life in adolescents with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We adapted a model by Garrett and Drossman to assess adolescent adjustment to recent-onset IBD. Thirty adolescent-parent pairs completed a set of standardized questionnaires. The inclusion criteria were adolescents 12-18 years of age with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis of < 5 years' duration. Adolescents' health-related quality-of-life scores significantly correlated with satisfaction and degree of closeness with their social support members, such as parents. An unexpected finding was that the adolescents included more extended family than peers in their social support networks. Also of note was that parental coping styles rather than adolescent coping styles significantly correlated with adolescents' quality-of-life health scores. Severity of illness did not correlate with adolescent quality-of-life health scores. There was significant agreement between adolescent and parental quality-of-life health scores and stressful event ratings. Adolescents with recent-onset IBD rely more on family members than their peers for emotional support, and they depend more on their parents' coping skills than their own. These findings may indicate lags in normal adolescent development. Adolescents and parents do communicate and share concerns with each other. Support programs for adolescents with IBD should reinforce existing coping skills and parent-adolescent communication while promoting normative development.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Drug use prevention efforts at colleges and universities in the United States.
This study examined the extent to which program comprehensiveness, programmatic outcomes, program integration, and environmental factors are being addressed by 336 urban and rural United States college and university drug use prevention programs. College-based prevention programs employed a range of programmatic goals, prevention communication channels, and prevention strategies within a centralized department for drug use prevention. Most program coordinators reported no perceived change in alcohol, tobacco and other drug use, alcohol/drug-related problems, faculty/staff drug use, and alcohol and drug-related crime resulting from prevention efforts on campus. The level of prevention activity differed across institutional type.
Adolescent↗
Individual, family, and relationship predictors of young women's sexual risk perceptions.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the individual, dyad, and family variables that influence young women's perceptions of risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey using forced-choice questioning. Data were analyzed using first-order correlations and logistic regression. SETTING: Participants were recruited from a mid-Atlantic study of young adults and from volunteers at a mid-Atlantic university and surrounding community. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 93 sexually active, unmarried, heterosexual women, ages 17-26 years. The majority of the study sample was white. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Respondents were asked to estimate their own level of risk for STDs, including HIV, using the responses no, low, moderate, and high risk. Responses were later recoded into no risk versus some risk. RESULTS: Communication with parents about sexual risk decreased the odds that women would see themselves as being at no risk. Consistent condom use, relationship satisfaction, and perceiving the partner as no risk increased the odds that women would believe they were at no risk. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses can incorporate these and other study findings into the design of sexual risk reduction programs. Programs that enhance parent-teen communication about sexual risks and assist young women to examine their perceptions of their partners may be more effective than programs that provide information only.
Adolescent↗
Analysis of selection criteria for medical residents. Differences between primary care and traditional pathway committees.
A self-administered questionnaire was given to faculty members of resident selection committees for traditional and primary care medical residencies at one institution. Results from both committees revealed that applicant performance in medicine clerkships and communication from the applicant's department of medicine faculty, especially the chairman, were key criteria in evaluating the strength of each applicant. Negative personal characteristics were important in determining undesirable resident candidates. Primary care program selectors put more emphasis on the applicant's personal goals, skills, and interests, especially career plans in general internal medicine, than did their traditional program counterparts. Other differences included the tendency of traditional program committee members to value collegial communications and the perceived quality of the applicant's medical school more than the primary care members did.
Educational Measurement↗
Bloodborne pathogens training programs and teaching aids.
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Blood↗
Print information to inform decisions about mammography screening participation in 16 countries with population-based programs.
OBJECTIVE: To profile and compare the content and presentation of written communications related to informed decision-making about mammography. METHODS: Materials from 16 screening programs organized at the national or regional level were analyzed according to five major information domains suggested by the international literature. RESULTS: A majority of countries provided information on the program (interval, cost and quality). There was considerable variability in comprehensiveness of elements in the domains, e.g., test characteristics (false positive/negative) and pros and cons of screening. The majority noted the likelihood of recall for further tests, few commented on the risks of additional tests or finding unimportant tumors. The audit also found variation in presentation (words and pictures). CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of comprehensive, but balanced information on screening benefits and risks is complex and daunting. Issues such as framing effects, coupled with debate about screening efficacy are challenging to the design of effective information tools. The objective of increasing screening prevalence at the population level must be balanced with objectively presenting complete and clear information. Additional research is needed on how information (and mode of presentation) impact screening decisions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Public health officials need to articulate their objectives and review written communication according to important decision-making domains.
Australia↗
Verbal intercourse and sexual communication: impediments to STD prevention.
This article explores the problems of risky sexual behavior by examining the ways people verbally negotiate sexual interaction regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Based on in-depth interviews with 124 adults (ages 21-63) who are infected with genital herpes, the article shows that knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases is not necessarily related to the action needed for their prevention. People are more afraid of being rejected by a partner than they are of contracting an STD (except, of course, AIDS). By examining difficulties people have with sexual health discourse and showing how these difficulties are related to both the problem of communicating politeness and the problem of representing the self and the sexual other, this article demonstrates that STD prevention programs overlook a very important emotional and communicative issue: the lack of a culturally sanctioned language with which to discuss sexual health with partners.
Adult↗
AAC and community partnerships: the participation path to community inclusion.
The Life Needs Model (LNM) of service delivery emphasizes the importance of community participation in children's development and quality of life. This article is a case illustration of two community partnership programs based on the LNM. StoryTime and Dress Up and Drama provide participation opportunities in the community for children who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The authors describe the development and implementation of both programs. Regardless of level of functioning, each child who participated in the programs did so by communicating, interacting socially, and controlling the environment. Multiple benefits for children, parents/caregivers, community partners, and AAC clinicians are highlighted. The authors hope that this article will assist others in developing partnerships and implementing inclusive practices within their communities.
Child↗
A distributed system for DNA/protein database similarity searches.
A distributed system for exhaustive alignment similarity searches on DNA/protein databases is presented. The system makes it possible to share the computational burden on diverse computers, provided they are interconnected by a network supporting TCP/IP communication. It consists of three separate programs: a user-interface module, a similarity score calculation module (multiple instances of which may be running simultaneously on different machines), and a control module. This last acts as the 'hub' of the system. The three programs have been successfully tested under the AIX, SunOS, VAX/VMS and MS/DOS operating systems.
Algorithms↗
Inexpensive program led by trained patients widens the reach of disease management.
Patients with chronic diseases have a lot in common, and one researcher is bringing them together in peer led self-care programs that are proving effective in reducing utilization and costs.
Chronic Disease↗