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PubMed1993

Effect of formulation pH and storage temperatures on the preservative efficacy of some gases used as propellants in cosmetic aerosols.

The effects of changes in formulation pH and storage temperature on the preservative activities of some aerosol propellants--butane, carbon dioxide, dimethylether and their combinations were investigated. A preservative challenge test method was used to determine the survival rates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger at formulation pH levels 5.80, 7.28 and 8.10 and storage temperatures of 20 degrees, 30 degrees and 40 degrees C. A significant decrease in the pH of formulations was observed with no corresponding changes in the antimicrobial effectiveness when carbon dioxide was incorporated. Alterations in the antimicrobial profiles of these propellants due to changes in formulation pH were dependent on the propellant and the species of the micro-organism, especially when single propellants were used. Results also showed that the propellants exert antimicrobial activities against the various organisms at the three storage temperatures but there were significantly greater inhibitory activities at 40 degrees C. With a combination of 10% butane/dimethylether (1:2) and 10 bar carbon dioxide there were no differences in the degree of microbial inhibition at the various formulation pH levels and storage temperatures. In most cases, the organisms were completely inactivated within 24 h. These findings showed that the combination of butane/dimethylether with carbon dioxide could be used to protect against microbial contamination and spoliage of formulations of different pH levels as well as those meant for storage at different temperatures.

Aerosol Propellants↗
PubMed1989

Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in Egypt--eye shadows, mascaras and face creams.

We examined a total of 150 samples, including 27 eye shadows, 27 mascaras and 96 face creams, for their microbial contents. Mascaras were generally more contaminated than eye shadows. More than 75% of the examined eye shadows contained fewer than 100 c.f.u./g aerobic bacterial count compared to 63% of the mascaras examined. Viable bacteria were not recovered from 61% and 48% of the eye shadows and mascaras respectively. While 4% of the eye shadows were heavily contaminated (contained more than 10(4) c.f.u./g), 15% of the mascaras were as heavily contaminated (with more than 10(4) c.f.u./ml of bacteria). Face creams were generally more heavily contaminated than eye shadows and mascaras. More than 70% of the examined creams contained more than 100 c.f.u./g of bacteria compared to 23% and 37% of eye shadows and mascaras respectively. Only 5% of the face creams were heavily contaminated. However, 27% of the creams were contaminated with more than 10(3)-10(4) c.f.u./g of bacteria compared to none in this range for both eye shadows and mascaras. Qualitative tests for detection of hazardous bacteria showed that none of the eye shadows were contaminated with any of those micro-organisms. Out of nine items of a specific brand of mascara, three isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one isolate of Citrobacter freundii and one isolate of Klebsiella pneumonia were detected. Among the creams, two brands showed the highest contamination levels with more than 85% of the tested samples containing more than 10(3) c.f.u./g fungi and at least 10(4) c.f.u./g bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteria↗