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PubMed2005

The northern physical environment and the well-being of the elderly aged over 65 years.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to describe the significance of the physical environment in supporting the well-being of the elderly aged over 65 years. The aim was to produce knowledge that will complement the knowledge-base of gerontologic nursing. STUDY DESIGN: The study was qualitative. Thirty-nine home-dwelling elderly persons aged over 65 were interviewed. METHODS: The interviews (n = 39) were conducted with the thematic method. The data were analysed with methods of inductive content analysis. RESULTS: The main threats of the northern physical environment to the well-being of the elderly are seasonal variation, temperature, snow, light variation and distances. The supportive characteristics of the northern environment are the natural environment, space, familiarity with the physical space, cleanliness and safety. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the northern physical environment seem to be significant for both urban and rural elderly people living in the northern part of Finland. The different aspects of the natural environment provide opportunities to relax, meet other people and do physical exercise, all of which are important factors of health promotion.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The circumpolar health movement comes full circle. Part I: Historical relevance of the proceedings of the International Congresses on Circumpolar Health.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the course of the International Congress on Circumpolar Health (ICCH) Proceedings in the context of the concomitant historical events. Make recommendations for future circumpolar health research. STUDY DESIGN: Medline search and historical archive search of International Congress on Circumpolar Health Proceedings. METHODS: Search of all PubMed resources from 1966 concerning the circumpolar health movement. Two University of Alaska, Anchorage Archive Collections were searched: the C. E. Albrecht and Frank Pauls Archive Collections. RESULTS: Eleven sets of Proceedings manuscripts and one set of Proceedings Abstracts were evaluated. There was a trend toward consistent use of existing journals with indexing in Index Medicus; shorter intervals between the Congress and Proceedings manuscript publication; and increased online availability of either the Table of Contents, or Proceedings citations. Recent additions include online publication of full-length manuscripts and two instances of full peer review evaluations of the Proceedings manuscripts. These trends in Proceedings publication are described within the course of significant events in the circumpolar health movement. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a trend toward more rapid dissemination of scientific content, more analytic documentation of epidemiologic study design, and a trend toward wider dissemination of scientific content through the Internet. Significant progress in each of those areas is still possible and desirable.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed2005

Changing living conditions, life style and health.

Human health is the result of the interaction of genetic, nutritional, socio-cultural, economic, physical infrastructure and ecosystem factors. All of the individual, social, cultural and socioeconomic factors are influenced by the environment they are embedded in and by changes in this environment. The aim of the paper is to illustrate the influence of environmental change on living conditions and life style and some of the mechanisms through which such changes affect physical and mental health. The interrelationship between environmental and societal change is illustrated by an example from a small community in Greenland, where changing environmental conditions have influenced fishing and employment opportunities to the extent that the size of the population has changed dramatically. The link between social change and health is shown with reference to studies on education, housing and occupation as well as life style changes. The paper further illustrates the relationship between the rapid socio-cultural and economic change and the health of the population. Psychosocial stress is reflected in problems such as alcohol abuse, violence and suicide, and these factors have been shown in studies on migration and transitions in health to be connected to changes in lifestyle and living conditions.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1986

Oxygen budget of a perennially ice-covered Antarctic lake.

A bulk O2 budget for Lake Hoare, Antarctica, is presented. Five years of seasonal data show the lake to be persistently supersaturated with O2. Oxygen is carried into the lake in glacial meltstreams and is left behind when this water is removed as ice by ablation and sublimation. A diffusive loss of O2 from the lake through the summer moat is suggested. Measured values of the total O2 in the water column indicate that the time scale of O2 turnover is much longer than a year. Based on these results we suggest that the amount of O2 in the water does not change significantly throughout the year and that the lake is also supersaturated with N2.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1994

Sediment oxygen profiles in a super-oxygenated antarctic lake.

Perennially ice-covered lakes are found in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. In contrast to temperate lakes that have diurnal photic periods, antarctic (and arctic) lakes have a yearly photic period. An unusual feature of the antarctic lakes is the occurrence of O2 at supersaturated levels in certain portions of the water column. Here we report the first sediment O2 profiles obtained using a microelectrode from a perennially ice-covered antarctic lake. Sediment cores collected in January and October 1987 from Lake Hoare in Taylor Valley show oxygenation down to 15, and in some cases, 25 cm. The oxygenation of sediments several centimeters below the sediment-water interface is atypical for lake sediments and may be characteristic of perennially ice-covered lakes. There is a significant difference between the observed January and October sediment O2 profiles. Several explanations may account for the difference, including seasonality. A time-dependent model is presented which tests the feasibility of a seasonal cycle resulting from the long photoperiod and benthic primary production in sediments overlain by a highly oxygenated water column.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1979

Survival in subzero temperatures: two field experiments on temperature estimation and "snowhole" (survival hole) temperatures.

Two field experiments in a subarctic environment are described. Individuals consistently underestimated the degree of cold, because visual cues dominated sensory skin receptors in the subjective estimation of temperature. In snowholes (survival holes) temperatures rose 20 degrees C within 30 minutes of occupancy, but stabilized at freezing point. Implications for travel and survival in a subzero environment are described.

Cold Climate↗
PubMed1987

Parasitism by helminths in the grey-sided vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus) in northern Finland: influence of density, habitat and sex of the host.

We have studied helminths from 532 grey-sided voles (Clethrionomys rufocanus) in two localities in northern Finland, representing different biogeographic zones, during 1978-1983. The helminth communities in the two study areas were similar, characterized by a small number of species (eight) compared to eastern Siberia and Japan, and by the dominance of a single anoplocephalid cestode Andrya kalelai. The prevalence of this helminth varied significantly among habitats, possibly because of differences in the distribution and abundance of the intermediate hosts, oribatid mites. Vole density did not explain the habitat differences in A. kalelai, nor did the prevalence of A. kalelai increase between 2 yr of sustained high density in the host population. A between-year increase in the prevalence of the larval cestode Taenia tenuicollis at Kilpisjärvi was probably due to a simultaneous increase in the abundance of its definitive hosts, mustelids. The prevalence of A. kalelai was always higher in males; no sexual differences were detected in the larval T. tenuicollis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of bleeding nonanesthetized wild rodents on handling mortality and subsequent recapture.

Handling mortality and recapture rates of wild rodents that were bled from the retroorbital capillary plexus without anesthesia were assessed. In 9,670 captures of seven species of rodents from 1994 through 1998, we found no difference in handling mortality in bled mice compared to those from trapping grids where mice were not bled. Recapture rates of rodents on control (non-bleeding grids) and rodents on bleeding grids was not significantly different for any species. We conclude that bleeding in the absence of anesthesia does not affect immediate mortality or subsequent recapture.

Anesthesia↗