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PubMed1990

Ministry in a climate of grief.

Chaplains are now being called on to minister in a climate of grief caused by organizational crises (e.g., downsizing, mergers, lay-offs). Such crises are disruptive and may cause panic and shock, as well as insecurity, for employees. The pastoral care department can play an important role in such a climate. To be effective, the department should have high status within the organization, with direct access to high-level executive, and it should be well regarded throughout the institution. The department should also be clearly visible. This includes participating on committees, visiting departments where the crisis is acute, and planning farewell receptions for employees being let go. Especially important is the chaplains' ability to listen to angry employees without feeling threatened or becoming defensive or judgmental. They must also speak up when problems surface, calling the organization to be accountable for issues of justice, ethics, values, and mission.

Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗

PubMed1997

Creating a climate of mutual respect among employees: a workshop design.

An organizational climate that fosters mutual respect can be created. But respect does not mean the same thing to all people. This article describes a workshop design that guides facilitators through the process of examining individual and group behaviors related to respect, and for creating individual and organization wide approaches for getting respect and giving it. Readers will learn how to conduct this nine-step workshop. They will learn how to guide participants in the development of their personal, individual prescriptions for getting and giving respect, and in the establishment of consensus regarding their own organizational climate.

Education, Continuing↗

PubMed1999

Prospective randomized investigation for evaluation of postoperative changes in the microbial climate of paranasal mucosa by the use of different dissoluting techniques during postoperative care.

Endonasal dissolution by the use of NaCl-solution is a common postoperative treatment of the nasal mucosa after endonasal surgery. These procedure involve for example endonasal shower and sterilized solutions. The contamination of nasal shower in case of unprofessional cleaning after treatment was an argument against this technique in earlier discussions. The danger of such an infection should be avoided by the use of sterilized solution. Therefore the dependence of nasal microbial climate on different nasal dissoluting techniques was investigated by the use of such named endonasal shower (Siemens und Co, Bad Ems, Germany) in comparison with sterilized solution (Rhinomer, Zyma SA, Nyon, France). Microbial cultures were investigated of 80 patients after endonasal surgery (53 m, 27 f; 31 +/- 21 age). Surgery was done for the treatment of chronic polypous sinusitis. Pre-, intra- and postoperative samples were taken in 640 cases to proceed microbial cultures. Material was transferred with the use of a Port-A-Cul-transport medium and preparation of the microbial cultures was done during the first four hours. As a result 895 bacterial clones were cultivated. These consisted of 87% aerob and 13% anaerob bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (39%) and members of the family of Enterobactericae (30%) were the most common microbes. There was neither an evidence for postoperative microbes on the nasal mucosa nor a correlation between the dissoluting technique and the postoperative outcome. The use of sterilized solutions for the postoperative care of endonasal mucosa does not cause an additional worthful effect on neither the postoperative microbial climate nor the outcome in comparison to endonasal shower.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Climatic heat stress and the exercising child and adolescent. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness.

For morphologic and physiologic reasons, exercising children do not adapt as effectively as adults when exposed to a high climatic heat stress. This may affect their performance and well-being, as well as increase the risk for heat-related illness. This policy statement summarizes approaches for the prevention of the detrimental effects of children's activity in hot or humid climates, including the prevention of exercise-induced dehydration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Relationships of climatic data to immune and hematologic variables in normal human.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between climatic and immune or hematologic variables in the peripheral blood of normal human. METHODS: Twenty-six normal volunteers gave blood samples monthly during one calendar year for flow cytometric assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and assays of red blood cell (RBC)- and platelet-related variables. Time relationships between the weather and immune or hematologic variables were investigated by means of multiple regression and bivariate cosinor analyses. RESULTS: Highly significant relationships were found among number and percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ (interleukin-2-receptor bearing lymphocytes), CD20+ B lymphocytes, number of platelets and RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular (MC) volume, MC Hb, MC Hb concentration, mean platelet volume or plasma fibrinogen levels and ambient temperature, sunlight duration, air pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, and rainfall duration/day. An important part of the variability in the immune and hematologic variables could be explained by the composite effects of contemporaneous and lagged climatic variables. Common seasonal rhythms were detected in the time series of the above immune/hematologic and sun insolation variables, such as ambient temperature. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that i) short-term fluctuations in atmospheric activity modulate immune and hematologic features in the peripheral blood of normal human; and ii) the seasonal rhythms observed in immune/hematologic variables may be entrained by the seasonal rhythms in ambient temperature.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

A computer simulation of the oxygen balance in a cold climate winter storage WSP during the critical spring warm-up period.

The paper considers factors that determine the oxygen balance in extreme climate waste stabilisation ponds during the critical spring warm-up period. At this time BOD load on the pond is a maximum, due to accumulation of wastewater under the ice during the winter. The paper describes the operation of a typical cold climate WSP and the events leading to a balanced steady state system as spring develops into summer. A mathematical model to simulate conditions within a batch fed experimental pond over the transient period is described. To model temperature changes in the water body experimental data were fitted to a generalised equation based on diurnal fluctuations in air temperature. The results are plotted in a normalised form and show the diurnal fluctuation and time lapse as the depth of the pond increases. Maximum daily water temperature lags behind maximum light intensity. Bacterial growth is simulated by a Monod kinetic model in which growth rate depends on initial substrate concentration; temperature compensation is applied using a temperature activity coefficient. Oxygen utilisation is calculated from substrate removal. Algal growth rate is more complicated as it is affected by temperature and light availability. Algal oxygen production potential is considered in terms of its primary metabolite yield, which is then used in a Monod equation to estimate the growth rate. The model uses a mass balance approach to determine dissolved oxygen concentration in the pond. The model is still in a simple form but shows reasonable agreement, in terms of events and time lapses, to measured parameters in experimental ponds recovering from ice cover.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2004

Biocontrol agents of Botrytis cinerea tested in climate chambers by making artificial infection on tomato leafs.

To reduce the use of chemical agents, that are causing damage to the environment, in the fight against Botrytis cinerea, different BCA's were tested for their possibility to control Botrytis cinerea in a biological way. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the different micro organisms and Elot-Vis, experiments were carried out in climate chambers with 5 weeks old tomato plants. Leafs on the plant were inoculated with drops of a suspension that contained spores of Botrytis cinerea. The possible antagonists that were tested in these experiments were Trichoderma harzianum (Trichodex), T. asperellum (Biofungus), T. hamatum (T382), Bacillus subtilis (Serenade and Phytovit) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7NSK2 and KMPCH). For all these different micro organisms the direct and the indirect influence on Botrytis cinerea was investigated. In tests where the direct influence of the antagonists was examined, the spores of the moulds or the bacteria were suspended together with spores of Botrytis cinerea and subsequently drops of this suspension were pippeted on the leafs. After a while by ideal circumstances for Botrytis cinerea the infections on the inoculated leafs were counted. For the indirect influence of the antagonists, also leafs of 5 weeks old tomato plants were inoculated with a suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores. The roots of the tomato plants that were used for testing the indirect influence were treated during there growth with a suspension of the antagonist to see if induced systemic resistance pathway (ISR) was activated. For testing the effectiveness of Elot-Vis, tomato plants were sprayed a few times with a solution of this product during their growth. Results of the climate chamber test of the plants that were treated with Elot-Vis, showed a reduction of Botrytis cinerea infections on the inoculated leafs. Biological control agents seem to be not always very effective against Botrytis cinerea. The biological control agents that are containing micro organisms are also depending on the circumstances of the environment for an optimal development. These conditions are not always that optimal to compete with Botrytis cinerea or other micro organisms that are present on the plant.

Bacillus subtilis↗

PubMed2005

Effect of climate changes on waterborne disease in The Netherlands.

Effects of climate change in The Netherlands in the 21st century on the microbiological quality of water for drinking water production and recreation were evaluated. The following was concluded: increased temperature leads to significant additional inactivation of enteric pathogens in surface waters with residence times of more than a month, but not in waters with residence times of up to ten days. Increased precipitation, runoff and storm water overflow lead to more peak concentrations of waterborne pathogens in surface water. Peak concentrations strongly determine the infection risk through drinking water consumption. Drought lowers and increased precipitation elevates groundwater tables, but an effect on the risk of groundwater contamination with waterborne pathogens is not clear. Climate effects are not noticeable near a groundwater well, where the groundwater table and flow rate are mainly determined by the pumping rate. Exposure of recreants to waterborne pathogens that can grow in the water is expected to increase due to increased recreation and increased growth opportunities of these pathogens. Due to warmer summers, pathogens, like amoeba, that have not caused problems up to date in The Netherlands, may now emerge in recreational waters.

Disease Transmission, Infectious↗

PubMed2002

[Impacts of climate change on infectious diseases].

Climate warming may have significant impacts on human health, including changes in the distribution and seasonality of vector-borne diseases. We discuss the consequences of climate change on infectious diseases. Effects of transmission of the imported tropical diseases in Europe are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Organizational climate and culture factors.

Nurses and others have expressed a great deal of interest in the potential for incorporating notions about organizational culture and climate in research and practice aiming to improve health care safety. In this review, definitions and measures of these terms are explored, the state of the research literature connecting culture and climate with safety is reviewed, and directions for future research and leadership practice are outlined.

Ergonomics↗

PubMed1989

Atopic dermatitis and the indoor climate. The effect from preventive measures.

Nine patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) were clinically evaluated before and after moving to new houses with improved air exchange, low relative humidity and optimal temperature control. During a 2-year period three clinical and subjective assessments were performed each month of disease activity, and compared with changes in suspended and respirable dust particles, room temperature, air exchange rate, concentration of house-dust mites in bedrooms, and the concentration of organic solvents in the indoor air. Ten matched patients with AD, who did not move, served as a control group. The skin condition of patients moved improved significantly after moving. The indoor climate was improved on: 1) air exchange rate, 2) relative humidity, and 3) room temperature, but the amounts of house dust mites, respirable air particles and organic solvents were unchanged. The clinical and subjective improvement in AD could not be correlated to any single indoor environmental factor. The present investigation supports the current concept, that AD may be a multifactorial disease, and that the indoor climate may be a contributing factor affecting the eczema.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Research on correlations between climatic factors and diosgenin content in Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright].

Dioscorea zingiberensis wright is native to China. In this paper correlations between seven climatic factors (mean annual temperature, mean annual relative humidity, mean annual 5 cm soil temperature, annual precipitation. Annual sunshine hours, mean annual sunshine percentage and annual greater than or equal to 10 degrees C accumulative temperature) and diosgenin content has been reported. It is annual precipitation and mean annual 5 cm soil temperature that are real principal factors affecting the diosgenin content. The most suitable climatic range for the biosynthesis and accumulation of diosgenin is as follows: Annual precipitation: 800-900 mm, 850 mm the best. Mean annual 5 cm soil temperature: 15-17 degrees C, 16 degrees C the best.

Diosgenin↗

PubMed1989

[Computer simulation of the stable climate on the PC in veterinary practice].

The wide distribution of personal computers allows the application of programs which enable veterinary surgeons to assist in the management of live stock. A simulation model is made for the field of indoor climates of stables which makes a full-year calculation of temperature and humidity of the indoor climate and the quality of the air in stables. The calculation is based on a steady-state balance model of energy (heat and humidity) and matter. Using the example of a pig fattening sty, all the necessary system parameters are stated that are needed to totally present the model. The results of the simulation are then interpreted. Furthermore the assertions and conclusions will be shown which result thereby.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

[Climatic factors and bronchospasm crises in children in the Maresme district (Barcelona)].

In the area of El Maresme (Barcelona), it was studied the correlation between climatic agents and episodes of bronchospasm in children from 0 to 14 years old, in the emergency hospital unit during 1985. In the 735 visits that were studied, there were remarked seasonal variation, with predominance of cases during autumn, and descent during summer. The episodes presented a simple correlation, statistically significant with temperatures and the wind's direction; the climatic agents represented a very low percentage in the variation observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Effects of salt loading during exercise in a hot dry climate.

Strenuous work or sports activities in a hot environment can cause significant fluid and salt losses due to excessive sweating. Fluid replacement is commonly accepted to be beneficial, but controversy surrounds the necessity of adding salt to the dietary intake in hot climates. Five healthy young men participated in a self-controlled experiment designed to investigate the effects of salt loading on acclimatized people exercising under controlled laboratory conditions. The additional salt ingestion was found to cause an increase in body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, urinary sodium and potassium concentrations and in the total amounts of sodium and chloride excreted in urine during the exercise. Furthermore, it decreased plasma aldosterone level and sweat chloride excretion, but did not affect fluid intake, urine output, sweat rate, skin temperature, excretion of sodium and potassium in sweat or urinary potassium content and chloride concentration. Neither did the additional salt intake affect plasma electrolyte levels, renin activity or acid base balance. It is concluded that acclimatized people living in a hot dry climate need no supplementary salt to their daily dietary intake while engaging in physical exercise or sports activities up to two hours a day. Salt loading has no beneficial effects in these conditions and may even be hazardous.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1985

Creating a climate for excellence.

Some people are motivated to achieve in a manner consistent with the goals of their organization while others pursue individual goals. The attitudes people hold determine their behavior. Therefore, the manager is charged with creating an environment that fosters employee commitment to organizational goals. To create a climate for achievement, managers must recognize that all employees want recognition. Employees perform more effectively when they understand the goals of the organization, know what is expected of them, and are part of a system that includes feedback and reinforcement. Generally, people perform more effectively in an environment with minimal threat and punishment; individual responsibility should be encouraged, rewards based on results, and a climate of trust and open communication should prevail.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Facilities for the aged from an environment psychology viewpoint. An analysis of relationship between ratings of social climate and behavior of home residents].

We present a concept for the quantification of "social climate" in institutions for the aged. To receive such evaluations from the aged, according to our experience, it is necessary to apply special techniques of exploration to reduce response sets of defense and facade. Comparing different institutions and analysing the correlations with behavioral data we can demonstrate the usefulness of these environmental variables. Differential results point to the fact that some characteristics of the aged have to be considered to interpret these variable of "social climate".

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical climate in health care organizations.

An organization's policies, procedures and practices on ethical issues can influence the amount of risk nurses will take in voicing their opinions about patient care issues. While the concepts of organizational climate and culture are frequently referred to, the concept of ethical climate is relatively new.

Decision Making, Organizational↗