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PubMed1972

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. 8. Computer applications in hospital departmental libraries.

To test the hypothesis that a standard library system could be designed for hospital departmental libraries, a system was developed and partially tested for four departmental libraries in the Washington University School of Medicine and Associated Hospitals. The system from determination of needs through design and evaluation, is described. The system was limited by specific constraints to control of the monograph collection. Products of control include catalog cards, accessions list, new book list, location list, fund list, missing book list, and discard book list. Sample data form and pages from a procedure manual are given, and conversion from a manual to an automated system is outlined. The question of standardization of library records and procedures is discussed, with indications of the way in which modular design, as utilized in this system, could contribute to greater flexibility in design of future systems. Reference is made to anticipating needs for organizing departmental libraries in developing regional medical library programs and to exploring the role of the departmental library in a medical library network.

Computers↗
PubMed1966

Sources of information on medical geography.

Adequate research in the peripheral field of medical geography requires familiarity with the literature of medicine, geography, and other environmentally oriented fields. The pertinent literature of the two primary disciplines, as well as that of anthropology, nutrition, and human bioclimatology, is surveyed from a bibliographical point of view. A brief review of historical sources is presented, followed by a discussion of the contemporary organizations, both international and national, active in the field. Emphasis is placed on the publishing programs and projects, maps, atlases, symposia, reports, and other literature sponsored or stimulated by these organizations. Regional bibliographical surveys for East Africa, India, and the Soviet Union are also noted. Pertinent aspects of bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, library card catalogs and accession lists, and other resources are listed, with emphasis on the various subject headings and other approaches to them. Throughout, the sources of information are approached from a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary viewpoint.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1970

The Osler Library: today and tomorrow.

The Osler Library's purpose is to build a collection capable of supporting research in the history of medicine. The major acquisition area is material published from 1960 to 1968. Out-of-print material is acquired on microfilm. The Library contains all pre-1850 monographs, transferred from the Medical Library, and all new monographs from 1850 to 1899 are housed there. The catalogs are described, together with special files, including chronological, journal article index, and publishers' lists index.The place of the original Osler collection is discussed, as are methods by which the collections are preserved. The Library hopes to become a deposit center in Eastern Canada for historical medical material.The administration and organization of the Library are described.

History of Medicine↗
PubMed1979

Cystic fibrosis in adults: an autopsy study.

An annotated catalog of clinical and pathologic observations in an adult population with CF has been presented. The spectrum of disease is broad, and the diagnosis usually requires the demonstration of abnormalities in multiple systems. Tissues of each germ layer have been found involved in CF. Correlation of clinical and pathologic observations suggests that manifestations are essentially episodic and focal. In this population, the most characteristic abnormalities recognized by the pathologist are focal biliary cirrhosis, distinctive obstructive lesions of the male genital tract, prolonged staphylococcal or pseudomonas colonization of respiratory secretions, and obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. Some form of pancreatic atrophy is usually present.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Creating the library itself: collection, staff, and space.

It is stressed that many points must be settled between the librarian and the planners. Relationships between the library and the medical school and the university library should be made clear. The librarian must be intimately involved with the architect, with the selection of faculty, and with the planning of curriculum. Consideration is given to problems of collection building in the areas overlapping with other institutions and of journal collections. Cataloging is considered, and the need to develop accounting procedures.

Book Collecting↗
PubMed1966

Topics in library technology: copying techniques.

Photocopying applications in the library include the combining of previously separate material, the separation of a single item into two or more of its parts, and the selection of parts of existent material by the use of overlays. The production of catalog cards, the creation of sheet material (new book lists, reference bibliographies) from card-form materials, an Index Medicus-derived alerting service, and overdue notices copied from charge cards are among the applications exemplifying these general types. Larger-scale operations employing microfilm are noted. The distinction between copying and printing, in the light of equipment advances, is discussed.

Copying Processes↗
PubMed1966

Centralization vs. decentralization in medical school libraries.

Does the medical school library in the United States operate more commonly under the university library or the medical school administration? University-connected medical school libraries were asked to indicate (a) the source of their budgets, whether from the central library or the medical school, and (b) the responsibility for their acquisitions and cataloging. Returns received from sixtyeight of the seventy eligible institutions showed decentralization to be much the most common: 71 percent of the libraries are funded by their medical schools; 79 percent are responsible for their own acquisitions and processing. The factor most often associated with centralization of both budget and operation is public ownership. Decentralization is associated with service to one or two rather than three or more professional schools. Location of the medical school in a different city from the university is highly favorable to autonomy. Other factors associated with these trends are discussed.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1981

[Biologic psychiatric research and psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Critical remarks on methods (author's transl)].

To guard satisfactorily against the discrepancy between positive experience in the field of pharmacopsychiatry and negative results in the possibility, therapeutic success or other findings of biologic psychiatric research requires a critical analysis of methods. It is concluded with a catalog of demands in the field of evaluation research. Analyses of individual cases and supporting experimental psychopathological research occupy an important role in this. Finally the obstacles to gaining knowledge in biologic psychiatric research are discussed and, deduced from this, the possible application of a research concept of Herrmann is also proposed for our specialty which would create the principles for a theoretical pluralism.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiological findings in total abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins, not associated to other major cardiopulmonary abnormalities (isolated form)].

Thirty patients with anomalous drainage total in the veins of the lungs (A.D.T.V.L.) not associated to greater cardiovascular deformations (in an isolated form) perfectly confirmated by a surgery or by a necropsic study, were examinated. In all of them there was a research to find out any radiologic sign which could make suspect about the anomaliation. The diagnosis could be established in eleven cases (36.6 per cent) with the thorax habitual radiologic study, owed to the recognition of some signs that have been cataloged as the characteristic; as it occurs in the A.D.T.V.L. in the level in the system in the upper left chamber that bring into existence a silhouette in "snowman" and in the drainage in the subphrenic level which makes appear a sign of the "scimitar". In the varieties of the A.D.T.V.L. it wasn't possible to discover any suggestive radiologic sign of the entity.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1980

An accounting/recharge system for educational media services.

An accounting/recharge system can aid the educational media manager in more efficient use of resources to accomplish organizational goals. A system for cataloging, billing, and analyzing the productivity and relative efficiency of media production and services is outlined. Benefits derived from such a system include an improved basis for planning and rationing of resources, greater efficiency in utilization and production, improved internal communications, and an increased sense of accomplishment.

Accounting↗
PubMed1982

AVLINE: a data base and critical review system of audiovisual materials for the education of health professionals.

The AVLINE data base, operated by the National Library of Medicine, was designed to aid in the selection, use, and sharing of quality audiovisual material in the education of health professionals and to promote the quality production of such materials. AVLINE provides standardized bibliographic and critical review information in both online and printed catalog form. In this report the evolution of AVLINE is traced, and the development of its companion review system is examined.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1983

The developmentalist and the study of biological risk: a view of the past with an eye toward the future.

This paper has 2 goals: to review the history of the developmental study of infants and children at biological risk and to appraise the current state of the art. The scope of the review is from 1920 to the present and emphasizes the role of developmentalists. 4 research phases are identified, each reflecting aspects of the social, political, health, and psychological zeitgeist. First, from 1920 to World War II, research was primarily "catalog" and had diverse themes; however, several issues were raised that continue to have relevance. Second, during the postwar years, research often focused on the cognitive and emotional residuals of handicaps, particularly cerebral palsy and poliomyelitis. Third, the 1960s marked the funding of major seminal longitudinal investigations of perinatal risk factors, and studies of very young infants "at risk." And fourth, in the last and current period, technological advances of the 1970s first applied to research with normally developing children were then extended to at-risk groups and revolutionized the methods of studying risk. Finally, we suggest that, although a considerable amount of information has been obtained about developmental phenomena subsequent to biological risk, our research literature is fragmented and difficult to synthesize. We conclude by offering strategies to foster research and the integration of knowledge.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1982

Syndromes of accelerated aging.

A systematic review of the more than 2,000 genetic loci of man cataloged by McKusick indicated that approximately 7% may play a role in modulating the rates of development of various aspects of the senescent phenotype. Assuming an upper limit of about 100,000 loci in man, numerous alleles at approximately 7,000 loci could be contributing to characteristic patterns of aging in individual human beings. Point mutations or chromosomal aberrations involving such loci may result in various progeroid syndromes. These have been classified into two categories: segmental progeroid syndromes, which involve multiple aspects of the senescent phenotype, and unimodal progeroid syndromes, in which predominantly one aspect of the phenotype is involved. Two different examples of segmental progeroid syndromes were discussed: the Werner syndrome (an autosomal recessive) and the Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Examples of unimodal progeroid syndromes included familial hypercholesterolemia (accelerated atherogenesis), xeroderma pigmentosum (acceleration of skin aging, including age-related neoplasms), and certain forms of intestinal polyposis (acceleration of adenocarcinoma of the colon). It is remarkable and encouraging that the biochemical genetic basis of many progeroid syndromes, including all of those mentioned above, may be amenable to investigation with cultured mesenchymal somatic cells from individual subjects. For example, cells from patients with the Werner's syndrome have a striking limitation of their in vitro replicative life-spans and undergo extensive chromosomal rearrangements. These abnormalities are presumably related to an enzyme deficiency which, in principle, could be identified by biochemical studies of cultured cells.

Alleles↗
PubMed1982

Health education in baccalaureate nursing curriculum: myth or reality?

This survey of baccalaureate nursing curricula was conducted to identify content and methods being used to help students develop beginning competence in health education. Catalogs from 200 schools revealed only minimal explicit attention to the teaching role of nurses. The 36 schools which gave evidence of health education and sent course materials showed little agreement on what health education encompassed or what reasonable expectations were for the baccalaureate nursing student. While there can be no generalization of these findings to baccalaureate nursing education, serious questions are raised concerning the thoroughness with which nursing educators are treating the health education component of the baccalaureate curriculum. Given the centrality of health education to prevention, health promotion, greater client control over his own health, reduced anxiety and more appropriate utilization, it would appear that health education is scarcely an area to be dealt with superficially in baccalaureate nursing education.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1984

Looking backward, 1984-1959: twenty-five years of library automation--a personal view.

A brief profile of Janet Doe is given. Twenty-five years of library automation are reviewed from the author's point of view. Major projects such as the SUNY Biomedical Communication Network and the Regional Online Union Catalog of the Greater Midwest Regional Medical Library Network are discussed. Important figures in medical library automation are considered, as is the major role played by the National Library of Medicine.

Automation↗
PubMed1978

LATCH at the Washington Hospital Center, 1967-1975.

Immediate access to needed information is essential if medical personnel are to provide quality health care. At the Washington Hospital Center, Literature Attached to Charts, LATCH, was created in 1967 to provide the required information quickly. As a collection of a few relevant articles attached to the patient's chart, it supplies current literature on some aspect of the patient's illness. Following an account of the program's inception, an analysis of 1,935 LATCH requests for the years 1968--1975 reveals that new physicians, that is, interns and first-year residents, requested LATCHes most often. Requests in areas of internal medicine were the most common. The data also show that the program has been well received by its users. LATCH has affected the medical library in several ways. The program has been partially responsible for increases in staff, in the number of journal subscriptions, and in the number of literature searches requested. The program has also brought about greater access to the collection via the card catalog. An important effect has been the tremendous development of professional expertise in the staff preparing the LATCH.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Linkage analysis in dominant optic atrophy.

A kindred of German descent was studied for dominant optic atrophy, type Kjer (McKusick catalog no. 16540). One hundred twenty-three family members were examined clinically, and 36 affected, 81 normal, and six uncertain members were ascertained. Twenty-seven markers were analyzed for 121 members. The maximum lod score obtained was 2.0 at theta = .18 for linkage between the Kidd locus and dominant optic atrophy. Twenty-eight offspring were informative with 2-generation data. There was insufficient information for the acid phosphatase locus to aid gene localization. These data suggest that the locus for dominant optic atrophy is on chromosome 2.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1983

Air pollution emission profiles of toxic and trace elements from energy related sources: status and needs.

The preceding was by no means a comprehensive analysis on the present state of knowledge on trace elements in combustion sources, or the differences that would be expected. However, it does point to avenues and directions of some of the future research. Also, the needs 1) to resolve source in areas of great emissions complexity, or 2) to assign sources of specific hazardous materials. Current efforts are focussed on understanding the impact of particular sources of pollutants at a receptor site. This information will provide the means for assessment of any potential hazard of a source to the general community and the size and mass distribution of these materials at a receptor. Considering the types and volume of data necessary to catalog source types and eventually assess community impacts, the development of a national resource with far more sensitive and accurate multielement analysis of air pollutants is warranted. Interaction of air quality and nuclear analytical research groups in collaborative research projects should be fostered and commitments made to develop pools of large and small users.

Air Pollutants↗