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Results for “APHASIA”

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PubMed1987

Aphasia arising from purely deep lesions.

In this study we investigated the relationship between deep-seated lesions of the left hemisphere and the aphasic disturbances. Thirty-seven vascular patients with CT-scan, language and neuropsychological examination carried out between 15 and 60 days post-onset were studied. Presence and frequency of apraxic disorders and acalculia are also reported. A consistent relationship between the site of the lesion and the pattern of aphasic disturbances could not be established. The most striking finding was a dissociation between oral and written expression, the latter being disproportionately impaired in a number of subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effects of linguistic and extralinguistic context on semantic and syntactic processing in aphasia.

This study assessed whether the comprehension of specific lexical items (a semantic judgment) and reversible passive sentences (a syntactic judgment) would be facilitated by preceding them with either linguistic or extralinguistic context. Twenty aphasic subjects were compared for their ability to comprehend semantic and syntactic components of target sentences presented in isolation and when the sentences were preceded by either a single sentence or a picture that predicted the target information. The results revealed that the subjects who demonstrated low comprehension skills on standard tests of auditory comprehension performed better when the target information was preceded by the contextual information than when it was presented in isolation. A similar effect was not seen for those subjects with higher level auditory comprehension skills. These results support the effective use of linguistic and extralinguistic context by some aphasic subjects during the decoding of literal meanings.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1979

Espousing melodic intonation therapy in aphasia rehabilitation: a case study.

A program of Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) was adapted as a home training procedure to enable a severely affected aphasic adult to respond to 52 simple questions bearing relevance to his daily life. MIT involves embedding short phrases or sentences in a simple, non-distinct melody pattern. As the patient progresses through the program, the melodic aspect is faded and the program eventually leads to production of the target phrase or sentence in normal speech prosody. The present procedure consisted of three levels of training designed to advance the subject from an initial level of intoning responses in a simple melody to producing the responses in normal speech prosody. The subject's wife was trained to administer MIT both in the clinical and home settings. Considerable improvement was obtained in imitation and in context related responses to questions. These findings lend support to the proposal that the music dominance to the right hemisphere assists, and perhaps diminishes the language dominance of, the damaged left hemisphere. The limitations of use of Melodic Intonation Therapy were discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1958

Jargon aphasia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1984

Some acoustic aspects of fundamental frequency of CVC utterances in aphasia.

A set of 9 CVC utterances were elicited five times each from a group of 5 anterior and 7 posterior aphasics. These spoken tokens were acoustically analyzed for the fundamental frequency of phonation and compared to tokens for a group of 7 normal control speakers. Statistical analyses revealed that anterior aphasics produced significantly higher average fundamental frequencies than did normal speakers, and that both groups of aphasics had significantly greater variability (both inter- and intraspeaker) in their fundamental frequency values than did normal speakers. A subset of these data was also analyzed for the period-to-period variation or 'jitter' of the acoustic waveform. Each group was significantly different from each other: posterior aphasics demonstrated the greatest period-to-period variation followed by anterior aphasics and then normal subjects. Some implications of this research are discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recovery in treated aphasia in the first year post-stroke.

During a one year post-stroke period of observation, the recovery trend in treated aphasic patients was characterized by general progression in communication skill. The most notable improvement occurred on a measure of everyday function with changes worthy of note on tasks of auditory comprehension and spontaneous word production. In the first 6 months post-stroke, the greatest gain occurred in aphasic patients classified as Fluent, and the least gain in Global aphasics. On the auditory comprehension task, however, improvement was noted in all aphasics regardless of type. In contrast, during the latter half of the first year post-stroke, Fluent aphasics showed least and Global aphasics the greatest improvement. In spite of their progress, Global aphasic patients remained considerably more impaired than the other groups. That the Global aphasics remained so impaired was expected, but the extent and temporal characteristics of their progress in communicating was unexpected.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Some relationships between skills in word-category recall and factors in adults' aphasia.

It has long been recognized that a basic dimension to the lexical organization of the brain is semantic, and some brain mapping studies have indicated that the brain fields are distinctly different from some grammatical classes. Findings from the present investigation showed consistent relationships between 29 aphasic adults' performances on tasks involving graphic and gestural skills and those involving sequential recall of spoken words from different word categories. Each adult received the Porch Index of Communication Abilities which relies upon the physical manipulation of objects to assess verbal, gestural, and graphic abilities. Scores on a test requiring recall of word strings of nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, or prepositions were used to predict the subscale scores from the Graphic and Gestural factors of the index. Recall scores for verb and preposition were predictive of the aphasic subjects' performances on the Graphic subscale, and noun and preposition scores were predictors of subjects' scores on the Gestural subscale. The results are related to other research showing that verb and preposition skills are predictive of fine motor abilities of children with communication disorders and brain-mapping studies. Some discussion centers on possible overlapping functions of brain activity involving word categories, language, and fine motor skills.

Adult↗