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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Effects of cyaninoside chloride and Heleniene on mesopic and scotopic vision in myopia and night blindness].

A controlled, clinical trial, comparing cyaninoside chloride and Heleniene , was conducted on 31 out-patients suffering from functional disturbances of vision in low-luminance conditions. The evolution of photopic and mesopic visual acuities, electro- oculograms and adapto -electroretinograms was assessed for both treatment groups and controls. Both agents significantly improved photopic visual acuity (p less than 0.05). Only cyaninoside chloride treatment improved visual functions related to mesopic and scotopic vision (p less than 0.01). There were also significant differences between the two treatment groups regarding the velocity of visual adaptation in adapto -electroretinography. This study thus demonstrates the therapeutic value of cyaninoside chloride for the treatment of functional disturbances of mesopic and scotopic vision, especially in night blindness and myopia.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1983

Validation of the Holmes - Wright lanterns for testing colour vision.

The recently introduced Holmes - Wright Type A and Type B lanterns and the Farnsworth lantern were administered to 100 observers with normal colour vision and 100 observers with defective colour vision. With the fail criteria adopted, all normals passed the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern and with one exception all normals passed the Farnsworth lantern. However, 8% of normals failed the more difficult Holmes - Wright Type B lantern. It is noted that the normals who fail this lantern test appear to do so not because of poor colour discrimination but because the coloured stimuli presented by the lantern have a point brilliance close to the average chromatic threshold. About one-third of the colour vision defective group passed the Farnsworth lantern and between 14 and 17% passed the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern depending on the test procedure used. Only two mild deuteranomals in the sample of 100 colour abnormal observers succeeded in passing the Holmes - Wright Type B lantern. Dichromats and severe anomalous trichromats fail all three lanterns so that those who pass are all mild anomalous trichromats. A significant proportion of protanomals pass the Farnsworth lantern and some protanomals pass the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern despite their reduced sensitivity to red light and correspondingly reduced signal range for red signals.

Color Perception Tests↗
PubMed1983

The relationship between vision and juvenile delinquency.

Vision disorders can be contributing causes of juvenile delinquency. Previous research is cited that illustrates this relationship. The author also reports his results obtained during a series of recent vision screenings of juvenile delinquents in a major metropolitan area. The results indicate a relatively high incidence of vision problems most of which dealt with poor binocularity. Excessive exophorias at near viewing distances were the most frequent reasons for failing the screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Traumatically acquired color vision defect.

A 24-year-old man acquired a color vision defect shortly after an accident in which he struck the back of his head. Results of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test showed that the patient had poor color discrimination in both eyes. His color matches on the Nagel anomaloscope suggested a red/green disturbance. Results from increment threshold testing demonstrated on absence of the blue mechanism. Results of field sensitivity measurements confirmed that foveal vision was mediated by the red or green mechanism. This case showed both similarities and differences to previously reported cases of acquired color vision defects secondary to cortical trauma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1982

Improved color vision testing.

Pseudoisochromatic color vision testing plates have traditionally provided the clinician with screening-type information regarding the color with screening-type information regarding the color vision of patients. The introduction of a variable-color filter, through which the patient views these plates during testing, produces quantifiable results while exploiting the clinical advantages of the color plates. Thus, this approach allows the quick classification and quantification of color vision defects in a clinical setting. The results of this study on 153 subjects show that a variable-color filter combined with a series of traditional pseudoisochromatic plates can be successfully used on patients in a typical ophthalmology clinic to identify normal persons, protanopes, and deuteranopes. The results of the new test correlated well with those of standard tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Color vision defects in pigmentary retinal dystrophy.

Color vision was studied, using the Farnsworth Panel D-15 test, in 72 patients (115 eyes) with primary pigmentary retina dystrophy of autosomal recessive inheritance, and the results were correlated with the visual acuity and visual field. The incidence of color vision defects and the degree of disturbance increased as the visual acuity and the visual field deteriorated. However, even in cases with the visual acuity better than 0.7, type III acquired blue-yellow defect was found in 22% of the cases. This type of color vision defect was also found in 52% of the cases with the visual acuity between 0.4 and 0.6. In the group with the visual acuity of 0.1 or less, total achromatopsia was found in 64% of the cases. The increment thresholds of the blue and green cone mechanisms in the fovea were determined by the two-color threshold technique of Stiles in 12 patients with the visual acuity better than 0.8. The thresholds of the blue cone mechanism (pi 1) and of the green cone mechanism (pi 4) were found to be elevated over the normal values. The increases in the former and the latter thresholds were correlated linearly with the slope of the regression of 0.64. The increase in the threshold of the blue cone mechanism was more pronounced than that of the green cone mechanism. Due to the difference in the density of both cones in the fovea, this result does not necessarily support the hypothesis that the blue cone mechanism is affected preferentially more than the green cone mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Taking the mystique out of low vision.

Rehabilitation of the partially sighted patient is often a difficult problem from both a physical and psychological point of view. The physical aspect is addressed, providing a concise and practical approach to low vision evaluation and management that avoids discussions of optics and complex theory. Suggestions are given for patient examination procedures, determination of their low vision needs, and making referrals to rehabilitation agencies. Recommended vendors, agency addresses, and other useful information are provided. A suggested method of low vision evaluation in an office or clinic that uses the help of ophthalmic assistants or nurses and maximizes assistance to the patient is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A new syllable text for evaluating near vision].

When visual acuity for distance is tested correct recognition of (as an example) 6 of 10 Landolt-rings is required. On the other hand, it is very difficult to define visual acuity exactly with reading cards, the result will also depend on the patient's reading ability. The new near vision test consists of 10 syllables with two letters being calibrated according to DIN 58,220 (part 2 A1-correlation of optotypes) by Rassow et al. [11]. The patient is required to recognize 6 syllables out of 10 correctly. To test crowding phenomena the syllables are connected by a letterlike symbol. In 18 patients suffering from squint amblyopia and in 18 patients suffering from anisometropic amblyopia visual acuity with Oculus reading cards and with the new near vision test was identical. The crowding syllables test yielded a visual acuity comparable to that determined with the C test according to Haase/Hohmann [6]. The new near vision test makes it possible to examine visual acuity for reading with syllables as exactly as for single optotypes using Landolt-rings. In both cases, 6 of 10 answers have to be correct. Additionally, reading time for one syllable can be restricted to one second when patients with nystagmus are being tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Study on color misnaming among the congenital color vision anomalous--Part 3. Color misnomers and collation].

The test colors misnamed were grouped into two in their collation, i.e., R-G and BG-RP. Isochromatic collation was found in 75% of the subjects with normal color vision, 38.3% of those with protanopia, and 33% of those with deutanopia. In the hue collation isochromatic collation was seen most frequently, followed by neighborhood color collation. The more the misnomers, the further separated the hue collation, then the misnaming territory enlarged crossing over the achromatic confusion line, and the collation territory enlarged. The lightness collation was about equal between subjects with abnormal color vision and normal subjects. The former were inferior to the latter by 2% (deutan) and 4% (protan) in isosaturation collation. When the misnomer crossed the isochromatic line or collated near the white point, the date were analysed according to the color cunfusion theory. The subjects with abnormal color vision showed hue collation inferior to that of normal subjects, but they responded with twice the accuracy in the isochromatic collation than the misnomer collation, and the collation territory was narrow and simple.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Spectacles and custom toric hydrogel contact lenses: a comparison of vision.

BACKGROUND: The quality of vision obtained through spectacles and toric hydrogel contact lenses is important when determining which correction type is best. METHODS: Twenty-six subjects with 0.75D-3.50D of refractive astigmatism were selected to wear Sunsoft Custom toric hydrogel contact lenses. Snellen acuity and contrast sensitivity measurements were gathered with both toric hydrogel lenses and spectacles. At the conclusion of the study each subject completed a questionnaire rating his or her preference for spectacles or toric hydrogel lenses based on the quality of vision with each. RESULTS: Our findings reveal no statistically significant difference when comparing contrast sensitivity thresholds, Snellen acuity thresholds or subjective preference between spectacles and toric hydrogel lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Based on quality of vision, practitioners should not hesitate to recommend toric hydrogel lenses in addition to the traditional spectacle correction as a viable method of correction for the moderately astigmatic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effect of test chart design and human factors on visual performance with night vision goggles.

In an effort to increase flight safety, it is imperative to learn as much as possible about the man-goggle interrelationship. This study was undertaken to see if type of goggle or other covariates might affect visual acuity (VA). We tested the VA of 103 aircrew with both the AN/PVS-5 and Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS) goggles using a Snellen vision testing chart and the new Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Resolution (Grid Type) Chart. Average VA's using ANVIS (Snellen = 20/38, Grid = 20/45) were significantly better (p < 0.01) than VA's using AN/PVS-5 (Snellen = 20/54, Grid = 20/58). Snellen VA's were better on average than Grid VA's (p < 0.001). Neither age, gender, nor NVG experience affected average VA at the 0.05 level. Average VA was significantly better (p < 0.05) for non-spectacle wearers using ANVIS goggles and for non-smokers using AN/PVS-5 goggles. Visual acuity is better with ANVIS than with AN/PVS-5 goggles, and may be affected somewhat by wearing spectacles, and by smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Unexplained unilateral vision loss during centrifugation.

Vision loss during a centrifuge run is an expected occurrence given the G-profile, physical fitness of the subject, expected visual endpoint [central light loss (CLL) or peripheral light loss (PLL)] of the experimental protocol, and the cyclic nature of the anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM). During a relatively low level G exposure, a subject experienced a unilateral loss of vision that did not resolve spontaneously upon removal of the G load. An extensive medical workup did not reveal any medical explanation for the vision loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A survey of eye and vision care in Oklahoma.

We examined the spectrum of vision care intensity, and the relationships of the three principal providers of vision care in Oklahoma. They were active family and general physicians (MD and DO), ophthalmologists (MD and DO), and optometrists. There were 1,356 surveys mailed to the three groups. We determined that vision care services in Oklahoma appear very accessible, are well distributed and generally affordable. The referral patterns appear to be less than optimal and optometrists are not fully utilized. This added cost and travel time for patients.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Resources for the low-vision community.

1. The NAVH serves, exclusively, an otherwise overlooked group of disabled people--the visually impaired who are not totally blind. Although its numbers increase dramatically each year, the low vision community is largely unrecognized by the public. 2. Parent self-help discussion groups were initiated in the early 60s to help parents who expressed feelings of frustration that they could accept their offspring more readily if the child were totally blind. The first session supplied the vital information needed to prepare the first publications ever written about partially seeing children. 3. The agency has expanded to include all ages and to supply information about vision and vision throughout the world.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Detection of congenital color vision defects using heteroduplex-SSCP analysis.

Gene deletion and hybrid gene formation result in congenital red and green color vision defects. The innumerable variations in these defects require the development of appropriate methods for detailed investigation. We used heteroduplex-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to detect the gene variations in subjects with congenital red and green color vision defects. For comparison, we also used polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to detect these defects. In all 13 protan and 9 of the 15 deutan subjects, defects of the red or green pigment gene could be identified by either heteroduplex-SSCP or PCR-RFLP analysis. Through heteroduplex-SSCP analysis, sequence polymorphism was detected in exon 5 of the green pigment gene. One polymorphic sequence was present in 8 of 21 trichromats but in only one of 17 dichromats, showing a biased distribution. A specific variation was found in one protan by SSCP analysis. Heteroduplex-SSCP procedures are useful for objective clinical diagnostic testing and for further study of color vision variations because of their simplicity and reliability and because they provide more information.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1996

Environmental variables and mobility performance in adults with low vision.

BACKGROUND: Surveys and empirical studies of visually impaired (VI) persons suggest that avoidance of objects while walking may depend on type of vision loss and be influenced by light level, object contrast, and object type. METHODS: Mobility performance in 88 VI adults was assessed on an indoor obstacle course under photopic and mesopic lighting conditions. Subjects were divided into three categories: primarily an acuity loss, primarily a peripheral field restriction, and a combination of the two. Performance measures were time to walk the course and total number of contacts with objects in the course. RESULTS: Decreasing light level from photopic to mesopic resulted in a significant increase (roughly double) in the time required to complete the course and in the total number of contacts, regardless of type of vision loss. Under photopic illumination, subjects with acuity loss took less time on average to complete the course and contacted fewer objects than the other two groups. At mesopic levels, acuity loss subjects performed better than those in the other categories. Low contrast obstacles were contacted more frequently than high contrast ones at both light levels. Finally, floor level walk-around objects were contacted significantly less often than either step-over or head level objects, regardless of type of vision loss and light level. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of VI persons to avoid obstacles is significantly impaired under mesopic illumination. Object contrast and location are significant factors in determining the success of VI persons in avoiding obstacles in the travel path.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of subacute occupational exposure to toluene on color vision.

The subacute effect of toluene on color vision was examined in 59 rotogravure workers exposed to toluene. Toluene and ethanol were determined in blood and color vision testing was performed on Monday before shift and on Friday after shift. The battery included the Ishihara plates, the Velhagen plates, the Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2, the Farnsworth panel D-15 test, and the Lanthony desaturated panel D-15 test. The concentrations of toluene in blood ranged from < 0.22 to 7.37 mg/l. No effect of toluene on color vision could be observed even in a subgroup of highly exposed workers. So their ability to judge colored products was not impaired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Physics of mosquito vision--an overview.

Important information for the location by mosquitoes of a wide range of resources is provided by the visual perception of objects and the environment. Behavior of mosquitoes in the location of these resources has been well studied, yet relatively little has been reported on the physical parameters pertaining to mosquito vision. An understanding of physics relating to vision aids in an appreciation of the importance of morphology and physiology and ambient light conditions in mosquito vision.

Animals↗