Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Sweating”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Localization of Na/K-ATPase sites in the secretory and reabsorptive epithelia of perfused eccrine sweat glands: a question to the role of the enzyme in secretion.

Na/K-ATPase sites in both the secretory and reabsorptive epithelia of isolated and microperfused human eccrine sweat glands are localized cytologically. Localization was accomplished through autoradiography of bound 3H-ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme. Ouabain binding characteristics were determined to ensure maximum specific binding. Enzyme sites are localized only on the basolateral surface of both epithelia in spite of the fact that sodium transport is reversed, i.e., secretory: blood to lumen and reabsorptive: lumen to blood. In view of these findings and in comparison with other recent observations, the role of Na/K-ATPase in secretory electrolyte transport is questioned.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1995

Sr2+ can become incorporated into an agonist-sensitive, cytoplasmic Ca2+ store in a cell line derived from the equine sweat gland epithelium.

We have explored the properties of a Ca(2+)-dependent cell-signalling pathway that becomes active when cultured equine sweat gland cells are stimulated with ATP. The ATP-regulated, Ca(2+)-influx pathway allowed Sr2+ to enter the cytoplasm but permitted only a minimal influx of Ba2+. Experiments in which cells were repeatedly stimulated with ATP suggested that Sr2+, but not Ba2+, could become incorporated into the agonist-sensitive, cytoplasmic Ca2+ store. Further evidence for this was provided by experiments using ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore which has no affinity for Sr2+.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Retention of basic electrophysiologic properties by human sweat duct cells in primary culture.

The present investigation was undertaken to examine the usefulness of cultured human sweat duct cells for ion transport and related studies in the genetic disease, cystic fibrosis. Electrical properties of cultured duct (CD) cells were compared with electrical properties of microperfused duct (MPD) cells. The resting apical membrane potential (Va) of the CD cells was -26.4 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 158 cells as compared to -24.3 +/- 0.6 mV, n = 105 of MPD cells. The Na+-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain, when applied to the apical surface of the CD cells and basolateral surface of MPD cells, depolarized both CD cells (from -28.6 +/- 3.6 to -16.8 +/- 2.4 mV, n = 5) and MPD cells (from -23.8 +/- 0.5 mV to -19.5 +/- 1.8 mV, n = 6). The Na+ conductance inhibitor amiloride applied to the apical surface hyperpolarized the apical membrane potentials (Va) of CD cells and MPD cells by -13.2 +/- 1.4 mV, n = 43 and -34.3 +/- 3.1 mV, n = 19), respectively, indicating the presence of amiloride sensitive Na+ channels in both groups of cells. However, the amiloride sensitivity of CD cells was dependent on the age of the culture. Cl- substitution at the apical side by the impermeant anion gluconate depolarized the Va of CD cells and MPD cells by 12.2 +/- 0.9 mV, n = 32 and 37.9 +/- 4.3 mV, n = 12, respectively. The effect of beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR), was inconsistent. In CD cells, IPR either hyperpolarized (delta Va = -8.3 +/- 1.2 mV, n = 5) or depolarized (delta Va = 8.2 +/- 2.3 mV, n = 4) or had no effect, n = 2. In contrast, most of the MPD cells did not respond to IPR, but three cells had a varied response to IPR. Our results suggest that CD cells, like MPD cells, retain significant Na+ and Cl- conductances. CD cells seem to have developed a higher sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation in tissue culture as compared to MPD cells.

Amiloride↗
PubMed2001

Autonomic responses of blood vessels and sweat glands in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine or clozapine.

RATIONALE: Data comparing the in vivo effects on autonomic nervous system function of standard clinical doses of olanzapine and clozapine are sparse. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the skin conductance response (which is peripherally mediated via muscarinic m3-receptors) and the inspiratory gasp response (which is peripherally mediated via adrenergic receptors) between healthy controls and schizophrenics treated with clozapine or olanzapine. METHODS: Twenty patients with schizophrenia (according to DSM-III-R criteria) treated with either clozapine (200-500 mg/day) or olanzapine (10-20 mg/day) as well as ten matched controls underwent simultaneous recordings of the skin conductance response (SCR) of sweat glands and of the inspiratory gasp response (IGR) of acral blood vessels. A single, deep inspiration was used as the stimulus. Group differences for the SCR amplitudes and the post-IGR redilation times were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Both clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients showed a significant SCR reduction compared to controls. Interestingly, the reduction in SCR was significantly larger in the clozapine group compared to the olanzapine group (P<0.05). Moreover, only clozapine-treated patients showed a statistical trend towards a longer IGR redilation time compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The significantly stronger SCR reduction amongst clozapine-treated compared to olanzapine-treated patients suggests that olanzapine at a standard clinical dose exhibits a significantly smaller anticholinergic effect at peripheral m3-receptors in vivo compared to clozapine. The prolongation of IGR redilation can be explained by a prolonged release of noradrenaline due to the alpha2-antagonistic effect of clozapine.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of anion transport blockers on CFTR in the human sweat duct.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a protein kinase A (PKA) and ATP regulated Cl- channel. Studies using mostly ex vivo systems suggested diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) and glybenclamide inhibit CFTR Cl- conductance (CFTR GCl). However, the properties of inhibition in a native epithelial membrane have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the inhibitory properties of the aforementioned inhibitors as well as the structurally related anion-exchange blockers (stilbenes) including 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS), 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DNDS) in the microperfused intact and basilaterally permeabilized native sweat duct epithelium. All of these inhibitors blocked CFTR in a dose-dependent manner from the cytoplasmic side of the basilaterally permeabilized ducts, but none of these inhibitors blocked CFTR GCl from the luminal surface. We excluded inhibitor interference with a protein kinase phosphorylation activation process by "irreversibly" thiophosphorylating CFTR prior to inhibitor application. We then activated CFTR GCl by adding 5 mM ATP. At a concentration of 10(-4) M, NPPB, DPC, glybenclamide, and DIDS were equipotent and blocked approximately 50% of irreversibly phosphorylated and ATP-activated CFTR GCl (DIDS = 49 +/- 10% > NPPB = 46 +/- 10% > DPC = 38 +/- 7% > glybenclamide = 34 +/- 5%; values are mean +/- SE expressed as % inhibition from the control). The degree of inhibition may be limited by inhibitor solubility limits, since DIDS, which is soluble to 1 mM concentration, inhibited 85% of CFTR GCl at this concentration. All the inhibitors studied primarily blocked CFTR from the cytoplasmic side and all inhibition appeared to be independent of metabolic and phosphorylation processes.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1999

The simultaneous measurement of epithelial ion transport and intracellular free Ca2+ in cultured equine sweat gland secretory epithelium.

We explored the relationship between nucleotide-evoked changes in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and anion secretion by measuring [Ca2+]i and I(SC) simultaneously in Fura-2-loaded, cultured equine sweat gland epithelia. Apical ATP, UTP or UDP elicited sustained increases in [Ca2+]i that were initiated by the mobilization of cytoplasmic Ca2+ but maintained by Ca2+ influx. However, although these nucleotides also increased I(SC), this response was transient whereas the [Ca2+]i signals were sustained. Experiments in which external Ca2+ was removed/replaced showed that Ca2+ entering nucleotide-stimulated cells elicited very little change in ISC. Cross desensitization experiments showed that UTP-stimulated epithelia became insensitive to ATP but that UTP could increase both [Ca2+]i and ISC in ATP-stimulated cells by activating 'pyrimidinoceptors' essentially insensitive to ATP. Thapsigargin evoked a sustained rise in [Ca2+]i that was accompanied by a maintained increase in ISC. However, this increase in ISC was dependent upon external Ca2+ and so the responses to nucleotides and thapsigargin have different properties. ATP increased ISC in thapsigargin-treated cells without causing any rise in [Ca2+]i while ionomycin increased both parameters. The data therefore show that apical P2Y receptors allow nucleotides to increase ISC via two mechanisms, one of which appears to be [Ca2+]i-independent control of anion channels.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma of the skin].

Sweat gland carcinomas represent a group of morphological heterogeneous tumors with clear differences regarding clinical course and prognosis. The most relevant and accepted entities are described clinically and histopathologically with special reference to the differentiation from benign adnexal tumors. Carcinomas arising from preexisting benign adnexal tumors such as spiradenocarcinoma, cylindrocarcinoma, malignant mixed tumors of the skin are easily recognized. To establish the diagnosis of microcystic adnexal carcinoma or aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma can be more difficult, because these carcinomas do not show cytological criteria for malignancy and may therefore resemble benign adnexal tumors especially in small specimens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

[Eccrine spiradenocarcinoma with unusual histiocytic giant cell components. Case report and review of the literature of a rare sweat gland tumor].

We report the case of a spiradenocarcinoma (malignant eccrine spiradenoma), a rare variant of a malignant sweat gland tumor, which occurred in the scalp of a 63-year-old woman. Some years before the current tumor occurred, a tumour of unknown histology had been excised from the same localization. The new tumor presented with rapid growth and exulceration. Malignant eccrine spiradenoma is characterized by the coincidence of a benign and a malignant portion within one specimen. We report case example 47 of this entity. The peculiarity of this case is the enormous heterogeneity with foci of atypical histiocytes like an atypical fibroxanthoma and an extensive foreign body reaction with cholesterol needles as in a xanthogranuloma. Static DNA cytophotometric analysis revealed different degrees of aneuploidy in the three tumor portions. The follow-up of 23 months is without recurrent tumor. A review of the literature is given.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

The congenital chloride diarrhea gene is expressed in seminal vesicle, sweat gland, inflammatory colon epithelium, and in some dysplastic colon cells.

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of intestinal electrolyte transportation caused by mutations in the anion transporter protein encoded by the down-regulated in adenoma (DRA), or CLD, gene. In this study, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the expression of CLD in extraintestinal normal epithelia and in intestinal inflammatory and neoplastic epithelia. The expression of the closely related anion transporter diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter, DTDST, was also examined and compared with that of CLD in colon. The only extraintestinal tissues showing CLD expression were eccrine sweat glands and seminal vesicles. In inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic colitis, expression of CLD mRNA in colon epithelium was similar to histologically normal colon epithelium, but the protein was found deeper in crypts, including proliferative epithelial cells. In intestinal tumors, the expression pattern of CLD was dependent on the differentiation status of the tissue studied: epithelial polyps with no or minor dysplasia showed abundant expression, whereas adenocarcinomas were negative. The DTDST gene was abundantly expressed in the upper crypt epithelium of colonic mucosa.

Chlorides↗
PubMed2004

New functions and applications of walter, the sweating fabric manikin.

In this paper, latest developments on Walter, a sweating fabric manikin, are reported. These include the improved simulation of "walking motion", the design and construction of an automated water supply, and real-time measurement of evaporative water loss and regulation of "skin" temperature through the regulation of the pumps inside the manikin body. Testing of commercial garment ensembles showed that the measurement of thermal insulation and moisture-vapour resistance of clothing is very reproducible with the coefficient of variation being generally less than 5%. It was also shown that, in addition to the thermal insulation and moisture-vapour resistance, the percentage of moisture accumulation within clothing is a very useful parameter of clothing comfort. The improved manikin has been used to investigate the effects of walking motion on thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing. The trend of the effects of walking speed up to 1.13 m s(-1) for the nude manikin and when it was wearing garments of different sizes are reported.

Clothing↗
PubMed2005

Intraoperative prediction of compensatory sweating for thoracic sympathectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative compensatory sweating (PCS) is an important problem impacting on quality of life for patients after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS). The present study investigated whether intraoperative palmar temperature and blood flow are useful for assessing PCS after ETS. METHODS: Retrospectively, results were evaluated for ETS in 27 consecutive patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis between 1996 and 2002. For all patients, bilateral nerve conduction to the palms was interrupted. The relationship between the range of PCS and intraoperative changes in palmar temperature and blood flow was investigated. RESULTS: PCS developed in all cases. After completion of ETS, mean blood flow and temperature increased respectively. Significant correlations were found between the range of PCS and increases in palmar temperature (p<0.05) and blood flow (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative monitoring of increases in palmar temperature and blood flow may be useful in patients with primary hyperhidrosis, to predict the range of PCS after ETS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid.

A 62-year-old woman developed a recurrent mucinous sweat gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid. The clinical characteristics of this rare, primary adnexal neoplasm of skin in our patient were, to our knowledge, unique. The tumor mimicked a lacrimal sac tumor and had orbital extension demonstrated preoperatively by computed axial tomography. Orbital extension of the tumor mass was confirmed during a wide, en bloc, excisional biopsy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Cognitive and behavioural treatments of fear of blushing, sweating or trembling.

Social phobic patients (n = 30) with fear of blushing, sweating or trembling as the predominant complaint were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: (1) exposure in vivo followed by cognitive therapy, (2) cognitive therapy followed by exposure in vivo, or (3) a cognitive-behavioural treatment in which both strategies were integrated from the start. Each treatment condition consisted of 16 sessions, given in two treatment blocks of 4 weeks each, separated by a no-treatment phase of 4 weeks. Self-report assessments were held before and after the treatment blocks and at 3-months follow-up. No significant differences were found between effects of the first treatment block vs those of the 4-weeks waiting-list period. After the second block treatment was significantly more effective than waiting-list. The analyses showed significant time effects after both treatment blocks and at follow-up, indicating improvement for the group as a whole. After two treatment blocks and at follow-up no significant differences among the different treatment packages were found on target problems, avoidance of social situations, cognitions and somatic complaints. After discussion of the results recommendations for further research will be given.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dysgeusia, gustatory sweating, and crocodile tears syndrome induced by a cerebellopontine angle meningioma.

Facial nerve involvement in cerebellopontine angle tumors, both during their development and after excision, may be expressed in irreversible dysfunction of the parasympathetic pathways. The exact location of the lesion along the efferent nerve fibers can be established through evaluation of the functional level of those organs supplied by the cholinergic motor secretory components. This report deals with a female patient in whom peripheral facial palsy developed shortly after removal of a right cerebellopontine angle meningioma. She had slight facial asymmetry and deafness in the right ear and complained of prandial flush and sweating of the right malar area. Occult ipsilateral hyposalivation and hypolacrimation were diagnosed. In patients with seventh and ninth cranial nerve pathoses, evaluation of the end organs that are supplied by their associated autonomous nerve fibers is mandatory to prevent late ocular and oral sequelae.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗