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PubMed2000

The content and structure of schizotypy: a study using confirmatory factor analysis.

This study examined the content of subscales within a multidimensional scale of self-reported schizotypy and their subsequent interrelationship by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Neither single-factor nor four-factor models provided good fits to the data; two-factor and three-factor models showed very good fits. On closer look, the three-factor solution was, overall, marginally the best fit and gave credence to a model with positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and social impairment as the factors. This model was in contrast to those that have disorganization as the third factor. In the present study, the subscale of disorganization loaded on the factor of positive schizotypy. The three-factor solution proposed here may be seen as giving support to the structures advocated by Meehl (1962), Strauss et al. (1974), and Lenzenweger et al. (1991).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Long-term outcome from a medium secure service for people with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to describe long-term outcomes for patients discharged over a 12-year period from a medium secure service for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHODS: A cohort study using case-notes analysis and a structured interview of current key informants. RESULTS: Eleven per cent of the sample was reconvicted. Fifty-eight per cent of the sample showed offending-like behaviour that did not lead to police contact. Twenty-eight per cent of the sample was currently detained in hospital under the Mental Health Act. The presence of a personality disorder, a history of theft or burglary, and young age increased the risk of reconviction. Contact with the police was less likely in those with schizophrenia. Re-admission to hospital was associated with the presence of offending-like behaviours, rather than any specific diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In terms of reconviction, these results are good compared with those from general forensic services; however, behavioural problems continue for many years and are managed without recourse to the criminal justice system. There is a borderline group whose needs are poorly defined and serviced. Declaration of interests Horizon National Health Service Trust, the managing authority of the service, gave the grant for this study; the corresponding author was working in the service.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1994

Developmental setback in severe visual impairment.

Developmental setback in children initially thought to be of normal cognitive potential is a serious complication of severe visual impairment; the prevalence, diagnostic specificity, clinical presentation, and factors that contribute to its genesis require systematic investigation. The findings are reported of a retrospective case review over a 15 year period of children attending the developmental vision clinic at the Wolfson Centre of the Institute of Child Health. One hundred and two children met the inclusion criteria of a period of normal development confirmed at initial assessment when aged less than 16 months, absence of additional disabilities, and follow up to at least 2.5 years of age. Developmental setback in their second or third year occurred in 10 (31%) of 32 children who were totally blind throughout (minimal perception of light or less), one (4%) of 25 who, though blind at first assessment, showed visual improvement, and none of 49 children with better vision throughout (awareness for near, large objects). This represents a significantly greater risk for totally blind children than for the other groups. The course and characteristics of the affected children varied, but all had visual diagnoses involving the nervous elements of the visual system, and 60% had major social adversity factors. The role of primary maldevelopment of the central nervous system, the degree of visual impairment, the developmental and emotional climate, and the stage of attentional and behavioural development in the causation of adverse developmental outcome are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1992

What happens to homeless mentally ill people? Follow up of residents of Oxford hostels for the homeless.

OBJECTIVES: To follow up severely mentally ill residents of hostels for the homeless to determine their social and psychiatric outcome. DESIGN: Follow up at 18 months of hostel residents previously assessed with psychiatric and behavioural measures. SETTING: Two Oxford hostels for the homeless. SUBJECTS: 48 hostel residents previously identified as disabled by mental illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current housing, admissions to psychiatric hospital, violent or antisocial behaviour, and score on standardised behavioural rating. RESULTS: 45 of the 48 residents were traced. 27 had remained in the hostels; only 10 had been rehoused, mainly in bedsits or with their families. 16 had a poor outcome as judged by death (four subjects), lengthy hospital readmission (two), marked deterioration in behaviour (six), sleeping rough (one), or disappearance (three). CONCLUSION: More effort is needed to provide suitable housing for homeless mentally ill people.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Confabulation and frontal lobe dysfunction.

A patient is reported who displayed marked confabulation after frontal lobe damage, and whose pattern of performance on memory tests was not typically amnesic. He initially displayed both "fantastic" and "momentary" confabulation, but several months later showed only "momentary" confabulation, which was apparent on direct questioning. This change in type of confabulation was paralleled by improved performance on frontal lobe tests, although his overall pattern of performance on memory tests was unchanged. It is suggested that severity of frontal lobe dysfunction determines the type of confabulation displayed.

Frontal Lobe↗