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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The site of action of beta-2-sympathomimetic bronchodilatators in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

Administration of fenoterol aerosol limited to the upper respiratory tract during intubation produced the same bronchodilatating effect as the usual administration to the whole respiratory tract by the metered-dose aerosols used clinically in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. The site of action of the beta 2-sympathicomimetic drugs in this area of the respiratory tract appears to be in the sensory limb of the bronchoconstriction reflex.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

Sympathomimetics in nasal allergy.

The effect of a topically administered alpha-adrenoceptor agonist (phenylpropanolamine) after allergen challenge was evaluated in a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study in 10 subjects with allergic rhinitis in an asymptomatic period. The nasal airway resistance was objectively measured by anterior rhinomanometry after nasal allergen challenge. The degree of nasal blockage, secretion and the number of sneezes were registered in a score. Nasal airway resistance and the degree of blockage were found to be significantly reduced. Thus, alpha-adrenoceptor agonists might be used topically for symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis comprising mucosal congestion.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Emergency therapy of asthma: comparison of the acute effects of parenteral and inhaled sympathomimetics and infused aminophylline.

Forty-eight patients who presented with acute episodes of asthma were randomized to treatment with subcutaneously administered epinephrine, inhaled isoproterenol, or intravenously administered aminophylline. The patients' couses were followed clinically and with spirometry. Although there were no significant differences between the groups before treatment for any measured variable, at the end of 1 hour, the mean improvement inforced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was significantly greater for patients treated with epinephrine (0.76 L) or nebulized isoproterenol (0.79 L) than for those given aminophylline (0.23 L). Similarly, the mean duration of therapy required before discharge from the emergency room was significantly longer for patients receiving aminophylline (5.4 h) than for patients treated with either epinephrine (3.5 h) or isisoproeternol (3.0 h). There was no significant differences between the effects of the 2 beta agonists. These results demonstrated that short-acting sympathomimtic agents produce more rapid and potent bronchodilatation in acutely ill asthmatics than that provided by intravenously administered methylxanthines, and that there are no disadvantages to using an inhaled beta agonist rather than one administered parenterally.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1986

Orally administered nifedipine in chronic stable asthma. Comparison with an orally administered sympathomimetic.

Calcium channel blockers have been shown to attenuate bronchoconstriction when given prior to bronchoprovocation challenge testing. However, they have not been found to induce bronchodilation when administered to asthmatic subjects with normal baseline lung function. In vitro data, on the other hand, suggest that preconstricted tracheal strips can be made to relax by the addition of calcium channel blockers. Therefore, we compared the effects of orally administered nifedipine (20 mg), albuterol (4 mg), and placebo on airway function in 10 asthmatic subjects with chronic stable asthma and baseline bronchoconstriction in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial. Nifedipine caused a significant increase in FEV1 (0.21 +/- 0.08 SEM L) at 40 min after administration of the drug. The mean of the change in FEV1 throughout the 2-h observation period after nifedipine (0.19 +/- 0.08 L) was significant when compared with baseline (p less than 0.05) and placebo control values (p less than 0.005) but tended to be less than the bronchodilation observed after albuterol. Only 3 subjects had an increase in FEV1 greater than 10% of their baseline value after nifedipine compared with 7 subjects after albuterol and 2 subjects after placebo. These results are at least consistent with the hypothesis of a direct action of calcium channel blockers on bronchial smooth muscle and indicate that orally administered nifedipine has a weak bronchodilating effect in subjects with chronic stable asthma who have abnormal lung function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Effect of sympathomimetics on gastrin secretion from antral G cells in culture.

Clinical data indicate that the control of gastrin secretion from the human antrum has a beta-adrenergic component. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this was due to the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors on the G cells. A newly developed short-term culture system of enriched antral G cells was used to eliminate the possibility of input from factors in the circulation and the peripheral innervation. The results demonstrated that epinephrine and terbutaline (a beta 2 agonist) significantly stimulated gastrin release above basal which could be blocked by the addition of propranolol (beta-adrenergic antagonist). However, the beta 1 agonist, dobutamine, and phenylepinephrine did not stimulate gastrin release above basal. In addition, simultaneous administration of epinephrine and the neuropeptide, bombesin, resulted in a potentiation of gastrin release. It was concluded that the stimulatory effect of the sympathetic system on gastrin release was mediated through beta 2-adrenergic receptors. The data indicated that adrenaline released from the adrenal medulla and gastrin releasing peptide (the mammalian homolog of bombesin) released from the intrinsic innervation of the stomach interact with respect to the stimulation of gastrin.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Therapeutic effects of an anticholinergic-sympathomimetic combination in induced rhinovirus colds.

This study's objective was to determine if the combination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate attenuates the symptomatic and pathophysiologic response of individuals to experimental rhinovirus infection when given after illness begins. Forty-three susceptible adult volunteers were challenged with rhinovirus type 39 and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Twenty-one subjects were treated with the active medication (0.3 mg atropine sulfate and 60 mg pseudoephedrine) and 22 subjects were treated with inert capsules identical in appearance. Treatments were administered 4 times daily beginning approximately 24 hours after rhinovirus challenge and extending for 5 days. Before challenge and on each of 5 treatment days, all volunteers were asked to rate symptom severity and were evaluated for secretion production (weighted tissues), nasal patency (active posterior rhinomanometry), nasal clearance (dyed saccharin technique), eustachian tube function (9-step test), and middle ear status (tympanometry). Twenty subjects in each group were infected with rhinovirus type 39 and were included in the efficacy analysis. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in total symptom scores, combined nasal symptom score, secretion production, or the frequencies of persons with eustachian tube obstruction or abnormal middle ear pressures. However, an objective measure of nasal congestion was significantly lower in the active treatment group. The nasal mucociliary clearance rate was significantly more impaired in that group. Side effects consistent with anticholinergic activity were reported more frequently in the active treatment group.

Administration, Oral↗