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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sustained efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is considered one of the most promising treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Recently, we reported significantly positive effects of 12 months DBT on parasuicidal behaviour and impulsivity in a mixed group of female BPD patients with and without substance abuse. Fifty-eight women with BPD were randomly assigned to either 52 weeks of DBT or treatment as usual (TAU). Follow-up assessment took place at 78 weeks, i.e., 6 months after discontinuation of DBT. Participants were clinical referrals from addiction treatment and psychiatric services. Outcome measures included parasuicidal behaviour, impulsivity and substance abuse. Six months after treatment discontinuation, the benefits of DBT over TAU in terms of lower levels of parasuicidal and impulsive behaviours, and in alcohol use, sustained. No differences between the treatment conditions were found for drug abuse. In conclusion, DBT seems to have a sustained effect on some of the core symptoms of BPD and on alcohol problems in a mixed population of female borderline patients with and without substance abuse problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Contralateral, ipsilateral and bilateral treatments with the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50,488H in mononeuropathic rats.

The effect of repeated contralateral administration of the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50,488H (trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate) on nociceptive behaviour was investigated and compared with ipsilateral and bilateral treatments in a rat model of peripheral unilateral neuropathy (chronic constriction of the common sciatic nerve). Administration of 0.3 mg U-50,488H into the contralateral hindpaw on days 6 and 10 after induction of mononeuropathy increased hindpaw withdrawal latency to mechanical but not to thermal stimulation compared to saline-treated rats. No difference in pain-related behaviour was found between different peripheral (contralateral, ipsilateral and bilateral) treatments with 0.3 mg U-50,488H. Autotomy behaviour was reduced for 6 weeks after sciatic nerve ligation in rats treated contralaterally with the opioid receptor agonist. Antinociceptive effects of contralaterally administered U-50,488H were abolished by the peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide. Our findings indicate that contralateral treatment with U-50,488H attenuates nociceptive behaviour in mononeuropathic rats. These antinociceptive effects are mediated via peripheral opioid receptors.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed2004

Planned complex suicide. Report of two autopsy cases of suicidal shot injury and subsequent self-immolation.

Two cases of planned complex suicide are presented. In both cases, the suicidal persons shot themselves after making sure that in the sequel their bodies would be burnt. In the first case, a 65-year-old man had shot himself in the mouth and consequently fell into a fire he had lighted before. In the second case, a 43-year-old man set fire to his flat and shot himself directly afterwards. On the basis of the reported cases, a short literature review on planned complex suicides is given.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Self-inflicted injuries with negative political overtones.

The report deals with two adolescents (a 17-year-old Turkish boy and a 15-year-old German girl) who simulated right-wing assaults by cutting National Socialist symbols into their own skin. The fact that Nazi symbols were chosen was obviously due to the idea that the alleged commission of the offense by right-wingers would not be doubted due to the negative image of this group. The alleged victims did not inform the police until the family or close friends urged them to report the incident. The rapid elucidation of the facts was possible because medicolegal experts were called in at an early stage of the investigations. The injuries showed typical morphological features of self-infliction (localization in easily accessible parts of the body, multitude of singular lesions with a linear or slightly curved course, equally shallow and non-penetrating cuts, arrangement in groups or over a defined area, lack of defense injuries, no corresponding damage to the clothing).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Periocular dermatitis artefacta in a child.

Dermatitis artifacta is a factitious dermatological disorder with many forms of presentation in any part of the body. It is commonly documented in dermatological cases but rarely presented as an ophthalmic condition. The diagnosis of dermatitis artifacta is often concluded after rigorous and repeated investigation. Histological sampling of skin lesions is usually required in these cases to exclude masquerading skin lesions such as basal cell carcinoma, vasculitis, or herpetic skin lesions.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Rehabilitation strategy using enhanced housing environment during neural regeneration.

The influence of an enriched environment on the recovery of nerve function was studied after a sciatic nerve lesion and repair. A sciatic nerve gap of 15 mm was bridged in 12 rats using autologous nerve grafts. The rats were housed either in an enriched environment or in standard cages. In the enhanced housing environment, the rats were forced to move by dissociating food and water sources, including wire for foot gripping instead of flat plastic floors, and wooden play toys. Locomotor behavior was recorded on tape with a digital videorecorder and behavioral data were compared with those of a group of six unoperated rats. The video-recordings were analyzed for the stance factor (SF) as well as several other aspects of the rat's walking pattern. Walking was evaluated between 10 and 21 weeks after the operation. Differences in walking behavior between rats raised in an enriched environment and rats raised in standard cages could not be demonstrated. Differences in walking behavior between male and female rats were not found either. But data differed significantly at all ages with rats of the control group. Automutilation of parts of the denervated foot revealed a significant difference in both experimental groups, occurring less often in the enriched environment group.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Spinal c-fos expression associated with spontaneous biting in a mouse model of dry skin pruritus.

As a model of dry skin pruritus in mice, one hind paw was treated twice daily with a mixture of acetone/diethylether/water (AEW); controls received water only. A protective collar prevented the animals from accessing the treatment area. At 16 days, the collar was removed and AEW-treated mice exhibited marked biting of the treated paw; the number and cumulative duration of bites was significantly greater than in controls. After 3 additional treatment days (collars intact), animals were perfused for c-fos immunohistochemistry. There was significantly more fos-like immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord of AEW-treated animals, with the majority in superficial laminae. It is proposed that biting of the dry skin reflects pruritus, and that neurons predominantly in superficial laminae of the dorsal horn may signal itch sensation.

Acetone↗
PubMed2004

Spinal neurons involved in the generation of at-level pain following spinal injury in the rat.

Using a conjugate of substance P and the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin, neurons expressing the neurokinin-1 receptor in lamina I of the spinal cord were targeted to determine their role in the expression of a spontaneous pain behavior following intraspinal injections of quisqualic acid in the rat. Treatment was carried out at the time of injury in order to prevent the onset of the behavior, and following onset in order to evaluate the potential clinical utility of this intervention. Treatment at the time of injury resulted in significant decreases in onset-time and severity of pain behavior, while treatment at the time of onset led to a significant reduction of the spontaneous self-directed behavior. The results suggest that the substrate for at-level pain following spinal cord injury includes a population of spinal neurons expressing the neurokinin-1 receptor in the superficial laminae of the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Leech therapy in penile replantation: a case of recurrent penile self-amputation.

Penile amputation is a rare urologic trauma for which immediate surgical replantation is indicated. Microsurgical techniques can reduce skin and graft loss complications; nonetheless, such complications are still highly prevalent. We report a case of self-inflicted penile amputation and describe a nonmicrosurgical technique for replantation. To improve postoperative edema due to venous congestion, we applied medicinal leeches to the penis. The edema quickly resolved, but overlying skin loss occurred, which required superficial debridement. At follow-up the patient had glans re-epithelialization with normal voiding, sensation, and erections. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of nonmicrosurgical penile replantation with leech therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Attempted autoenucleation.

PURPOSE: A 24-year-old man had visual acuity of no light perception in the left eye after attempted autoenucleation. METHODS: An urgent lateral canthotomy was performed, followed by treatment with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved to L.E.: 20/30. Visual field testing disclosed recovery of the central visual field with persistent arcuate visual field defects. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity of no light perception after attempted autoenucleation does not preclude the return of good visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: ocular and systemic manifestations.

PURPOSE: To report the incidence and severity of the ophthalmologic manifestations in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. METHODS: Fifteen Bedouin children with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis underwent complete ocular examination, including refraction and assessment of corneal sensation, and a detailed neurologic examination, including measurement of median nerve motor and sensory conduction. Patients with corneal ulcers were treated appropriately. RESULTS: In the 15 children (eight girls and seven boys, with a mean age of 3.75 +/- 2.67 years; range, 9 months to 9 years), corneal sensation was absent in both eyes. Corneal opacities were present in 10 children, five of whom had bilateral corneal opacities. Corneal ulcers were found in seven children, two of whom had bilateral ulcers, and in three children the ulcers recurred. The corneal ulcers were characterized by very poor healing. The surgical procedures included four lateral tarsorrhaphies, two corneal patch grafts, and one penetrating keratoplasty. All the patients had self-inflicted injuries varying from skin ulcers, burns, and bone fractures to autoamputations of fingertips and tongues. Many patients showed delayed healing and repair of bone and skin injuries. All patients had attacks of hyperpyrexia, moderate mental retardation, and hypotonicity with absent superficial sensation to light touch. Results of median nerve motor and sensory conduction studies were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis and absent corneal sensation showed a marked tendency to develop corneal ulcers that healed poorly. Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurotrophic keratitis.

Child↗