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Results for “Reproductive Rights”

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PubMed2006

Community knowledge, attitude and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections in a rural district of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge, attitude and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections in district Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: A needs assessment study employing a community based survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions was conducted in all seven sub-districts of the district. This paper is based on the results of the key informant interviews and the focus group discussions. Thirty interviews and six group discussions were held with members of the community and with the health care providers. RESULTS: There was little awareness regarding causes and prevention of sexually transmitted infections in the community. The situation was slightly better among health care providers. While health care providers believed that the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is high, the community did not consider themselves at risk. The community believed that these diseases are a problem among a sub-population of male adolescents, especially those who have homosexual relations. However, due to social norms, they rarely discussed such health problems with other family members or elders. Adolescents with any sexual health problems visit hakims and quacks. The community was aware about aetiology and some of the risk factors associated with AIDS and hepatitis, most probably due to the recent public health campaigns against both diseases. CONCLUSION: Considering the suspected high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and the relative lack of knowledge, it is imperative that a public health intervention be initiated. This must include educating not only the community but also the health workers. The governments' initiative to train community workers in reproductive health is a step in the right direction (JPMA 52:21, 2002).

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Decoding common mechanisms of cellular genetic-epigenetic control in eukaryotes].

The mechanism of genetic epigenetic operation at genomic and chromosomic levels within the limits of imitation model of eucaryotic cellular compartment is postulated, this compartment including left and right operators. Probable pattern of interactions during reproduction, determination and expression of genes as a manifestation of genetic, epigenetic memory and memory of water is shown. A specific character and rate of transformations of nucleotides and proteins are realized through different operation mechanisms over hierarchic processes directed on the preservation of DNA in the line of cellular generations and also determining dynamics of the genome with DNA variations. The mechanism of programmed provision of genetic-epigenetic interaction lies in the ways of control, regulation, adaptation and modulation of nucleotides and proteins transformations which occur on the basis of specific (complementary, kinetic and tunnel effects) choice of directions, place, time and aim of nucleotide-nucleotide, nucleotide-protein, protein-nucleotide and protein-protein interactions.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical social theory and the domination of African American Women.

This historical reconstruction of the experiences of African American women in America from slavery to the present exposes the prevailing and enduring system of White male domination. From White men having control of their reproductive choices, to conspiracy to withhold the right to vote, African American women were victims of both sexism and racism. Later, as a result of the myth conceived by White sociologists of the super African American woman, further divisiveness became apparent in the African American home. As African American women took advantage of educational opportunities only to find that there was a dearth of similarly educated African American males to marry, increasing numbers of African American men were reported as parties to violent acts, drugs or illness. All of these variables are conjectured as impacting on the African American woman's experience. Lastly, data were presented depicting the increasing trend of African American women marrying White men, and the emergence of a more diverse workforce. It was concluded that economics serve as a catalyst for this change in human relations.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2003

Human assisted procreation and human rights--the Greek response to the felt necessities of the time.

The new reproductive technologies enable otherwise infertile couples to reproduce noncoitally. Problems arising from the new reproductive techniques refer to the persons entitled to have access thereto, to the methods accepted (such as procreation by means of a surrogate mother), to the storage and donation of gametes and embryos, to donor anonymity etc. Although homologous and heterologous insemination and in vitro fertilisation have been performed in Greece for a long time, legal provisions thereon have been established only recently: Law 3089/2002 on assisted procreation builds the respective legal frame, regulating main aspects in this crucial field of interwoven human rights and social duties.

Female↗
PubMed1979

The tiniest humans.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive choice in Islam: gender and state in Iran and Tunisia.

This report examines the extent to which reproductive choice is compatible with Islamic principles. It presents the argument that the impact of Islam on reproductive choice is largely a function of the political context in which gender issues are defined. Indicators of reproductive health in countries of the Middle East are reviewed and the way these relate to constraints on reproductive choice is assessed. The examples of Tunisia and Iran are used to illustrate the way in which Islam is invoked to legitimate conflicting positions concerning women and their reproductive options.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2003

Queen-worker conflicts over male production and sex allocation in a primitively eusocial wasp.

In a colony headed by a single monandrous foundress, theories predict that conflicts between a queen and her workers over both sex ratio and male production should be intense. If production of males by workers is a function of colony size, this should affect sex ratios, but few studies have examined how queens and workers resolve both conflicts simultaneously. We conducted field and laboratory studies to test whether sex-ratio variation can be explained by conflict over male production between queen and workers in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes chinensis antennalis. Worker oviposition rate increased more rapidly with colony size than did queen oviposition. Allozyme and microsatellite markers revealed that the mean frequency of workers' sons among male adults in queen-right colonies was 0.39 +/- 0.08 SE (n = 22). Genetic relatedness among female nestmates was high (0.654-0.796), showing that colonies usually had a single, monandrous queen. The mean sex allocation ratio (male investment/male and gyne investments) of 46 queen-right colonies was 0.47 +/- 0.02, and for 25 orphaned colonies was 0.86 +/- 0.04. The observed sex allocation ratio was likely to be under queen control. For queen-right colonies, the larger colonies invested more in males and produced reproductives protandrously and/or simultaneously, whereas the smaller colonies invested more in females and produced reproductives protogynously. Instead of positive relationships between colony size and worker oviposition rate, the frequency of workers' sons within queen-right colonies did not increase with colony size. These results suggest that queens control colony investment, even though they allow worker oviposition in queen-right colonies. Eggs laid by workers may be policed by the queen and/or fellow workers. Worker oviposition did not influence the outcome of sex allocation ratio as a straightforward function of colony size.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

Abortion in a restrictive legal context: the views of obstetrician-gynaecologists in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In Argentina, unsafe abortions are the primary cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 32% of maternal deaths. During reform of the National Constitution in 1994, the women's movement effectively resisted the reactionary government/church position on abortion. Health professionals, including obstetrician-gynaecologists, played conflicting roles in this debate. This article presents results from a study carried out in 1998-1999 of the views of 467 obstetrician-gynaecologists from public hospitals in Buenos Aires and its Metropolitan Area, focus group discussions with 60 of them, and interviews with heads of department from 36 of the hospitals. The great majority believed abortion was a serious public health issue; that physicians should provide abortions which are not illegal; that abortion should not be penalized to save the woman's life, or in cases of rape or fetal malformations; and that women having illegal abortions and abortion providers should not be imprisoned. Some 40% thought abortion should not be penalized if it is a woman's autonomous decision. Those who were better disposed towards the de-penalization of abortion cited a combination of public health reasons and the need for social equity. The women's health and rights movement should do advocacy work with this professional community on women's needs and rights, given the prominent role they play in reproductive health care provision and in the public sphere.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1998

Late-onset hematometra and hematosalpinx in a woman with a noncommunicating uterine horn. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicating uterine horns are rare, occasionally presenting with functional endometrial cavities. Surgical removal of the noncommunicating horn is commonly performed to prevent endometriosis in these patients. CASE: A 41-year-old woman with a unicornuate uterus and noncommunicating uterine horn presented with a three-month history of right-sided pelvic pain. She had previously undergone multiple assisted reproductive technique attempts with superovulation and supraphysiologic serum estradiol levels and no apparent symptomatology or evidence of hematosalpinx during laparoscopy. Shortly after completing a donor oocyte recipient cycle, she developed acute right-sided pelvic pain. Diagnostic laparoscopy and subsequent laparotomy confirmed a right hematosalpinx and hematometra of the noncommunicating horn, with stage III endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Consideration of prophylactic resection of a noncommunicating uterine horn with a cavity should be considered in an asymptomatic, reproductive-age patient with this rare müllerian anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Human rights and abortion laws.

Human rights protections have developed to resist governmental intrusion in private life and choices. Abortion laws have evolved in legal practice to protect not fetuses as such but state interests, particularly in prenatal life. National and international tribunals are increasingly called upon to resolve conflicts between state enforcement of continuation of pregnancy against women's wishes and women's reproductive choices. Legal recognition that human life begins at conception does not resolve conflicts between respect due to women's reproductive self-determination and due to prenatal life. Human rights protect healthcare providers' claims to conscientious objection, but not at the cost of women's lives and enduring health.

Abortion, Induced↗