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Experience in the use of PARDUS X-ray diagnostic apparatuses for intraoral roentgenography of maxillodental system is described. A method providing better uniformity of amplification in roentgenographic images of maxillodental system is suggested.
Intermittent cervical traction with proper angle and force is an effective treatment for cervical syndrome. The goals of therapy are effective traction for the affected segments without further damage to the soft tissue. The purposes of this study were to find the traction angle and force which results in the best therapeutic effect. The effect of cervical traction was evaluated by cervical roentgenography, by examining the distance of the posterior margin of the intervertebral space. For a study of the proper angle of traction, intermittent cervical traction was applied to 20 healthy normal volunteers in a supine position with a constant traction force of 15 kgf. The traction lasted for 8 seconds followed by unloading for 4 seconds and the application was alternated after 10 minutes. The elongated gaps of the posterior vertebral margins obtained from the different neck flexion angles of 35, 30, 25, 20 and 15 degrees were compared. Traction of under 30 degrees was longest for the levels of C4- 5 and C5-6. For the C6-7 and C7-T1 levels, traction was longest under 35 degrees. For study of the minimal effective traction force, the same procedures of intermittent cervical traction were applied to another 15 healthy normal volunteers, except the neck was fixed in a flexion of 35 degrees, and the traction force was 9, 12, 15 and 18 kgf. The best results were noted with a traction force of 15 or 18 kgf. However, there were more complaints of neck discomfort after traction with a force of 18 kgf.
Results of different x-ray methods applied in 151 patients early after operations for destructive pancreatitis were analyzed. The technique of fistulography is described. Plain roentgenography of the chest demonstrated changes in 77.4% cases, most often occurred disk-shaped atelectases and pleural effusion. Examination of the abdominal cavity revealed functional disorders in 69.8% cases, direct symptoms of purulent process -- in 52.9%, radiographic signs of aseptic sequestration -- in 47.1% patients. X-ray signs of purulent process in the retroperitoneal fat and aseptic sequestration of the infiltrate or fat are outlined. The value of fistulography for localization and determination of the shape of drained cavities, position of the drainage tubes in the cavity, condition of the adjacent tissue, progression of purulent process, adequacy of drain of the purulent cavities is shown. Based on the results of complex x-ray examination with ultrasound investigation and CT data, the indications to repeated procedure (surgery or additional drainage) were formulated in 82 (54.3%) of 151 patients.
Efficacy of two routine surgical methods was compared in patients with otitis media purulenta chronica having cholesteatoma and fistula. Twenty five patients were operated on the middle ear with preservation of cholesteatoma matrix fragment on fistula of the labyrinth (FL). Forty five patients were operated with plastic reconstruction of the fistula with autotissues. The acoustic and vestibular functions were studied before and after the operation, 3 years later using roentgenography of the temporal bones and high performance computed tomography of the temporal bones. As the results of surgery in both groups of patients were similar, both techniques can be applied in detection of FL at operation. It is shown that in unaffected acoustic and vestibular functions in conditions of active inflammation in the middle ear, it is advisable while operating on the middle ear to preserve matrix of cholesteatoma on FL of any location.
The history of influenza pandemics was reviewed and clinical manifestations of pneumonia associated with influenza virus infections are described and several typical cases are presented. Several types of pneumonia associated with the influenza virus infection have been reported: 1) influenza complicated by secondary bacterial pneumonia, 2) primary influenza virus pneumonia, 3) combined influenza virus and bacterial pneumonia. Secondary bacterial pneumonia often produces a syndrome that is clinically distinguishable from that of primary viral pneumonia. In primary influenza virus pneumonia, chest roentgenography revealed bilateral infiltrations but no consolidation. Histologically, diffuse alveolar damage and hemorrhagic bronchiolitis were frequently observed in primary influenza virus pneumonia, in which case the prognosis was the worst. Although rare, the possibility of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia associated with influenza virus infection should be recognized. H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, or S. aureus were frequently associated with influenza viral infection, and treatment against these bacteria should be considered.
The goal of this work was to discuss the problem of replacement of conventional devices for film roentgenography with modern digital X-ray image detectors. Several types of digital detectors are considered. The material presented in this work makes it possible to draw some conclusions on the prospects of development of X-ray detectors and transducers, their advantages and disadvantages.
A 16-year-old Chinese girl was found to have abnormalities on chest roentgenography at a school health checkup in 2004, and she visited our outpatient clinic for the first time on July 2. Based on the imaging, there were multiple nodules ranging in size up to 5cm in the longest dimension, with regularly shaped clear margins, in both lungs. We considered lung metastases of a malignant neoplasm as the most likely diagnosis and performed a systemic workup but failed to make a clinical diagnosis. We therefore performed an open lung biopsy on November 8. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of a mixture of areas with a papillary pattern, a solid pattern and a sclerosing pattern. Component tumor cells were of two types: epithelial-like cells that covered the surface of the papillary structures and round or polygonal cells that showed a solid pattern of growth underneath. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that these tumor cells were positive for an alveolar epithelium marker. From these results, we made a diagnosis of sclerosing hemangioma. Here we report a rare case of multiple sclerosing hemangiomas together with a review of the literature.
Overall 200 patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease were examined. Commissural mitral stenosis (CMS) was revealed in 70 patients (35%). At the preliminary examination stage CMS was not detected in 57% of patients, the tone of mitral valve opening could not be heard in 40%, normal configuration of the heart was preserved in 20% of patients according to the roentgenography data. The echocardiographic features of CMS were revealed: the lack of a cupola-shaped diastolic curvature of the mitral cusp in part of patients, an insignificant narrowing of the left venous opening.
The authors word the main requirements to the measuring channel of an outfit for measuring the time of exposure of a roentgeno-diagnostic unit by the radiation method. Define optimal conditions of radiation filtering within the range of 40-125 kV. The measuring channel permits recording exposures in roentgenography made within the limits of 0.001-5 s.
This paper reports on three cases of symptomatic low back pain in three paratroopers in association with bilateral L5 spondylolysis and L5 on S1 spondylolisthesis. The controversy regarding the etiology of this lesion as well as the problems of establishing causality when associated with parachuting injuries are discussed. These cases raise the issue of whether routine lumbar spine roentgenography should be performed as part of the pre-course medical screening prior to an individual undertaking basic parachutist training, and stress the need for further study of the relevance of these lesions in military parachuting.
On the basis of examination of 58 children with diagnosed dystrophic osseous cysts there were revealed new aspects of roentgenologic characterization of dystrophic osseous cysts in children. It has been stated that high-structure roentgenography with primary magnification (apparatus Rays-D) allows to make more accurate an anatomical structure of the osseous cysts, nature of outlines as well as the state of adjacent sections of bone. Development of osseous cysts in considerable number of cases combines with the manifested symptoms of dystrophy in the surrounding osseous tissue (osteoporosis, loss of architectonics and presence of cyst-like formations).
The paper is concerned with the assessment of doses of irradiation of the population of the Tadjik SSR on the basis of 11 types of x-ray investigations and the results of analysis of the structure and frequency of radiodiagnostic procedures in the urban and rural areas of the republic. The number of x-ray examinations was increased by 13% in the period of 1978-1987. The mean effective equivalent dose for the population of the republic in 1987 was 1.24 mSv/year, of which roentgenoscopy accounted for 83%, roentgenography--4%, and fluorography--13%.
The authors generalized their experience in the treatment of 159 patients aged 21 to 84 with diabetes mellitus and pyonecrotic lesions of the lower limbs. On the basis of the results of rheovasography, aortoarteriography, and roentgenography of the foot bones they concluded that to prognosticate the possibility of preserving the supporting function of the limb, not only the level and extent of the gangrene but also the state of the main and the collateral blood flow in the limb and the spread of bone destruction in the foot must be taken into account. Pathogenetic nonoperative treatment including antibacterial therapy, transfusion of hemo- and rheomodulators, and the use of hemosorption made it possible to convert moist to dry gangrene in 86.8% of patients, expand the indications for "minor" amputations, and reduce the number of high amputations from 56.2 to 35.8% and the total mortality from 10.2 to 4.4%.
T cells and T cells subsets in peripheral blood of patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis were evaluated to explain some aspects of the immunocompromised state of these subjects. Diagnosis was made by baciloscopy (BAAR), chest roentgenography i.d.r. Mantoux, and other clinical analysis. Spontaneous E-Rosette test (RE) was used to quantify Total (RET 4 degrees C) and Active T cells (REA 37 degrees C) and the same test after incubation with Theophylline (The) for helper cells (The-resistant cells: RETR) and suppressor cells (The-sensitive cells: RETS). Patients were followed for at least 4 months after therapy. The data demonstrate a significant decrease of relative and absolute numbers of Total T-cells and a diminished T helper/T suppressor subset ratio (RETR/RETS) which dropped to less than 1 in untreated patients. Treated patients with a favourable evolution showed a restoration of Total active and helper T cells. RETR/RETS ratio was also significantly increased. In patients with highly positive BAAR, low on negative i.d.r. Mantoux, a decreased level of immunocompetent cells was observed. The 3 aspects were associated. Nutritional condition of the patients was also associated with the predisposition to acquire this disease.
A case of Apert syndrome in a male child of 5 months old has been reported. The diagnosis was based on the clinical appearance (phenotype) showing acrocephaly and syndactyly of both hands and feet, supported by skull roentgenography and ultrasonography. The patient was the third child from normal parents, and the two other children were normal. Apert syndrome is a genetic dominant autosomal disease; and because there were no other sufferer from the family history, the occurrence of this syndrome has been caused by a new mutation. Symptomatic therapy such as the administration of acetazolamide for hydrocephalus and vitamin supplement to improve his general condition, and even physical physiotherapy have been carried out. Genetic counselling to the couple has been provided as well.
Slowly resolving, chronic, and recurrent pneumonias are clinical patterns that are often misunderstood and mistreated. This article reviews the natural history, clinical presentation, roentgenography, bacteriology, and relation to underlying illnesses of each of these atypical forms of community-acquired pneumonia. Standard definitions are presented and provide the physician with a means to classify the pneumonias. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation and therapy are also discussed.
Impedance audiometry offers a clinically practical method for measuring the physical volume in cc of air space medial to the hermetically sealed probe tip. Knowledge of the air space volume is meaningful when average norms are known, either when the TM is intact or, more significantly, when the TM is perforated. With the latter, the temporally dynamic space changes during external, middle ear and/or mastoid disease, the size of the total air space measured offers objective information when determined over time. The resultant volume can offer an indirect mirror readout of progression or regression of a disease process. Likewise, historically there may be a close relationship between eustachian tube function and the overall air cell space within the petrotympanomastoid bone. In such conditions, the smaller the air cell space, the poorer the eustachian tube function. The PVT offers a more expedient clinical tool over roentgenography for measuring the viable air space of the middle ear and petromastoid air cell system. Since the PVT is used primarily with an open system (i.e. with a perforated TM) electroacoustic volumetric determinations with a 220 Hz acoustic input more reliably represents the actual volume present.
The clinico-roentgenological signs of acute commissural ileus were analysed in 226 patients. Of them, 192 were operated on. In 6.4% of the patients in plain roentgenography, the signs of acute ileus were absent, in 27.7%--they were not prominent. Study of the barium suspension passage through the small intestine, as the authors consider, is indicated in unmarked clinical features of the disease, and as well in its short duration (less than 6 h) with the aim of establishing a degree of ileus (complete, or partial).