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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Characterization of a mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain isolated from Okinawa, Japan.

AIMS: To characterize the mosquitocidal activity of parasporal inclusions of the Bacillus thuringiensis serovar sotto strain 96-OK-85-24, for comparison with two well-characterized mosquitocidal strains. METHODS AND RESULTS: The strain 96-OK-85-24 significantly differed from the existing mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strains in: (1) lacking the larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens molestus and haemolytic activity, and (2) SDS-PAGE profiles, immunological properties and N-terminal amino acid sequences of parasporal inclusion proteins. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear from the results that the strain 96-OK-85-24 synthesizes a novel mosquitocidal Cry protein with a unique toxicity spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report of the occurrence of a mosquitocidal B. thuringiensis strain with an unusual toxicity spectrum, lacking the activity against the culicine mosquito.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

The DNA contained by nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from four Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); genome size and configuration assessed by electron microscopy.

The mol. wt. of the DNA from four nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from Spodoptera littoralis, S. exempta, S. exigua and S. frugiperda were determined to be 84, 80, 68 and 74 X 10(6), respectively, by electron microscopy. The molecules were demonstrated to exist as double-stranded relaxed circular or supercoiled DNA, though linear forms of DNA were also observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Role of repellents in vector control and disease prevention.

Repellents are an inexpensive and practical means of protection against nuisance and disease vector arthropods in conjunction with or when other control measures are not feasible. Appropriate selection of skin and/or clothing repellents along with proper wear of clothing can provide adequate protection from biting arthropods, and are available in a wide variety of forms including lotions, creams, foams, soaps, aerosols, sticks, and towellettes. A coordinated effort among different research groups associated with advances in the science of insect repellents such as mode of action information, doses of repellents to generate threshold level responses and controlled release delivery mechanisms, may help in understanding the mechanisms by which repellents work. This in turn may revolutionize the development of repellents for personal protection and their use in vector control.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

An evidence-based vector control strategy for military deployments: the British Army experience.

We describe the British Army's current strategy for controlling arthropod vectors of disease during overseas deployments. Military commanders and medical officers have different, but complementary responsibilities in achieving vector control. In this paper we define a hierarchy of evidence-based vector control guidelines. Field guidelines must be based on the best available research evidence, preferably that derived from pragmatic randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and from systematic reviews of trials. Assessing the effectiveness of different vector control measures involves a trade-off between the relative benefits and harm of different technology options. There is compelling scientific evidence that bed nets and screens treated with a pyrethroid insecticide are highly effective in protecting against nocturnally active, anthropophilic arthropods (including ectoparasites), and will reduce the incidence of malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis and Chagas' disease. Etofenprox and deltamethrin are the safest pyrethroids, and permethrin the least safe. Vector control strategies of probable effectiveness are the use of insecticide-treated clothing, the wearing of protective clothing, and the correct use of DEET-based topical insect repellents. Aerosol insecticides are of debatable effectiveness. Other effective vector control measures, of limited usefulness during deployments, include electric fans, mosquito coils/vaporising mats, and smoke. "Biological" vector control measures, and insect buzzers/electrocuters are ineffective. Practical insect avoidance measures, based on an understanding of vector biology, complete the military vector-control arsenal. We conclude that practical insect avoidance measures, combined with pyrethroid-treated nets and clothing, and DEET-based topical repellents, can achieve almost 100% protection against biting arthropods.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Control of vectors of human onchocerciasis in intertropical Africa (author's transl)].

First the authors make short comments on the two Simuliidae species complexes vectors of African human onchocerciasis (S. damnosum s.l. and S. neavei), as well as on the reasons for renewed interest in the control of those vectors; then they review the various possible methods of control (ecological, biological, genetical and chemical methods) and they finally detail the methodology of anti-S. damnosum chemical larviciding which is the only kind or large scale control presently used against onchocerciasis vectors. The experiences and results of the previous campaigns resulted in the large Onchocerciasis Control Programme in Volta River Basin (O.C.P.) which now appears as a model for present and future control measures against S. damnosum. This Programme is briefly described, together with its results, problems (reinvasion) and orientations. As a conclusion, the excellent level of control of the vectors and onchocerciasis transmission which is obtained is emphasized and it is expected that in the future new large scale campaigns using O.C.P. experience may be initiated.

Africa↗
PubMed2005

A new method to evaluate the biocontrol potential of single spore isolates of fungal entomopathogens.

Fifty Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) strains isolated from the coffee berry borer were used to develop a novel screening method aimed at selecting strains with the highest biocontrol potential. The screening method is based on percent insect mortality, average survival time, mortality distribution, percent spore germination, fungal life cycle duration, and spore production on the insect. Based on these parameters, only 11 strains merited further study. The use of a sound scientific protocol for the selection of promising fungal entomopathogens should lead to more efficient use of time, labor, and financial resources in biological control programs.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae against field population of mustard sawfly, Athalia lugens proxima (Klug) on radish.

Mustard sawfly, A. lugens proxima, was found to be highly susceptible to entomopathogenic nematode, S. feltiae under laboratory condition. Application of three different doses of S. feltiae, viz. 1.1 x 10(3), 1.1 x 10(4) and 1.1 x 10(5) infective juveniles/ml, at weekly intervals, significantly reduced the field population of mustard sawfly on radish. The mean larval population of A. lugens proxima in all doses of nematode treated plots ranged from 0.42 to 0.48 larvae per plant as against 2.95 larvae / plant in untreated control plots. Similarly, the yield of radish in all the nematode treated plots was significantly higher by way of recording 2.80 to 2.87 tons/ha as compared to 1.63 tons/ha in the case of control.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Laboratory investigations on the larval zoophagy of Ophyra capensis--an antagonist of Musca domestica.

Second and third instar larvae of Ophyra capensis are distinct predators. Although facultative, their zoophagy is so strong that they show cannibalism in the absence of prey. If house fly larvae are available, the predators can kill up to 17 prey per larva of the predator depending on the larval instar and the culture density. The highest effectiveness under laboratory conditions was observed at densities from 1.7 to 3.0 g substrate per larva from the culture and at a ratio between predators and prey from 1:6 to 1:12. Under these conditions the reduction of house fly numbers as a result of O. capensis action is over 70%. If the natural elimination during house fly development (in our experiments from the second larval instar up to the adult eclosion it is not less than 10%) also is taken into account, it seems that under these conditions at the most 20% of M. domestica can develop to the adult stage. The similar requirements of biotopes and substrates for the preadult development of O. capensis and M. domestica, the high predator activity and the big food portion give a good reason to conclude that O. capensis is a perspective agent for biological house fly control.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malacophagous aptitudes of some French Zonitidae snails and their advantage in biological control of Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula Müller (author's transl)].

Experimental study of malacophagous aptitudes of different species of french Zonitidea snails. Analysis of their possibilities of grouping with Zonitoides nitidus in order to get an association of complementary predators in biological control of Lymnaea truncatula. The experiences show that the numbers of surviving snails are next for the groups: Zonitoides-Oxychilus draparnaudi and Z.-Aegopinella. But Aegopinella migrates less from experimental areas. Proposition of a technique of biological control without environmental modification.

Animals↗