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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Health care workers' hand decontamination practices: an Irish study.

The primary purpose of this quasi-experimental research is to observe health care workers' compliance with hand-hygiene guidelines during patient care in an intensive care unit in Ireland before (pretest) and after (posttest) implementation of a multifaceted hand-hygiene program. Health care workers' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge in relation to compliance with handwashing guidelines were also investigated. A convenience sample of nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, and care assistants (n = 73 observational participants, n = 62 questionnaire respondents) was used. Data (N = 314 observations, 62 questionnaires) were analyzed descriptively and cross-tabulated using chi-square (Pearson's) and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. Results revealed that a significant shift (32%) occurred in health care workers' compliance with handwashing guidelines (pretest 51%, posttest 83%, p < .001) following the interventional hand-hygiene program. Significant changes were also found in relation to health care workers' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (p < .05).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Comparative attitudes to verbal and written medication information among hospital outpatients.

This study was undertaken to assess the comparative preference of pharmacy outpatients for verbal and written medication information and to identify factors that might influence these preferences. Two hundred forty-seven consecutive, literate outpatients presenting with a prescription for a penicillin were enrolled in the study and given standardized verbal counseling by a pharmacist and a medication information leaflet. Assessment was made at initial presentation and by a prepaid mail questionnaire completed anonymously by the patient at home. Preferences were analyzed by age, sex, and number of medications prescribed. A response rate of 63 percent (155/247) was obtained. Low recall of physician instruction (11 percent) was recorded. Respondent preferences were for pharmacist counseling (30.4 percent), leaflet (20.6 percent), both of these (44.5 percent), or neither/uncertain (4.5 percent). The only factor having a statistically significant effect on these preferences was age (31-55 y), which influenced preference for a leaflet. Patient opinion of each leaflet section is presented. Patient preference for a leaflet or verbal counseling with a leaflet provides further evidence that leaflets should be widely used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Diabetic foot care: multilingual translation of a patient education leaflet.

The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society "Diabetic Foot Care" patient education leaflet was revised to improve the layout and emphasis of key concepts of preventive care. This included review of daily foot and shoe examination, danger signs, daily washing and foot care, shoe fitting, medical care, and avoidance of dangerous acts. The leaflet was expanded to occupy two sides of a page, retaining the capability of production in tear-off sheet format to facilitate distribution to patients in the clinical office. Furthermore, the leaflet was translated into 19 other languages for diabetic patients in the United States and around the world with limited English language comprehension.

Diabetic Foot↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a spiritually based breast cancer educational booklet for African American women.

Breast cancer is a significant health problem among African American women. Since the church is a viable health education venue for this population, spiritual cancer communication is a timely area of study to promote cancer education. In partnership with an African American church, we developed an educational booklet on breast cancer early detection from within a spiritual framework. Working with an advisory panel of women from the church, we facilitated the development of the booklet content and design. Panel members selected the spiritual themes and scripture used to frame the early detection messages, and they wrote messages to be included in the booklet. Meetings with focus groups were conducted to generate feedback on the booklet design and content. Overall feedback from the advisory panel and three focus groups regarding this level 4 spiritually based cancer communication intervention for African American women was generally consistent, showing strong preferences for design and content. We believe that this spiritually based approach may be one way to make cancer communication more culturally appropriate for African American women.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Development of a "survival" guide for substance users in Harlem, New York City.

The community advisory board (CAB) of the Harlem Urban Research Center, which includes community service providers, Department of Health workers, and academics, identified substance users' health as an action priority. The CAB initiated the development of a wellness guide to provide informational support for substance users to improve access to community services. Focus groups of current and former users engaged substance users in the guide development process and determined the guide's content and "look." Focus group participants recommended calling this a "survival" guide. The guide will include three sections: (a) health information and how to navigate the system to obtain services, (b) a reference list of community services, and (c) relevant "hotline" numbers. The design will incorporate local street art. Substance users continue to shape the guide through ongoing art workshops. Dissemination and evaluation of the guide will continue to involve substance users, community service providers, and academics.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

Increasing readers' comprehension of health education brochures: a qualitative study into how professional writers make texts coherent.

The aim of this study was to gain insight into the extent to which health education text writers apply writing principles derived from cognitive psychological theory. Seventeen professional text writers of health education materials participated in a qualitative study, consisting of a rewriting task combined with a think-aloud procedure and a semistructured interview. The verbal data were explored carefully in light of seven text coherence principles that have proven effective in cognitive psychological research to increase text comprehension. Findings indicate text writers vary in their ideas and use of coherence principles to make a text comprehensible. It is argued that the health education profession can benefit greatly from knowledge about cognitive text processing and cognitive coherence principles for realizing effective comprehension of written health education messages.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sustainability of the prevention of passive infant smoking within well-baby clinics.

This study assessed the antecedents of continued use of an education program to prevent passive smoking in infants. It consists of a booklet for parents and a manual for health professionals describing a five-step procedure for discussing passive smoking. A questionnaire was sent to 67 managers, 670 nurses, and 335 physicians working in well-baby clinics (response rate: 70%, 53%, 47% respectively). Questions concerned the completeness of use, level of institutionalization, and characteristics of the organization, the user, and the dissemination strategy. Seventy-one percent of nurses and 42% of physicians worked with the program. They foremost provided the first three steps of the five-step procedure. Physicians' completeness of use was related to their perceived responsibility in providing this education, and nurses' use was related to their perceived self-efficacy, responsibility, training attendance, participation in the adoption decision, and level of institutionalization. Diffusion efforts should focus on improving the completeness of use and level of institutionalization.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Development and evaluation of a theory-based physical activity guidebook for breast cancer survivors.

This study's objective was to develop and evaluate the suitability and appropriateness of a theory-based physical activity (PA) guidebook for breast cancer survivors. Guidebook content was constructed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) using salient exercise beliefs identified by breast cancer survivors in previous research. Expert judges completed the Maine Area Health Education Center's 18-item attribute checklist for evaluating written health information. Judges indicated that the PA guidebook achieved desirable attributes for the suitability and appropriateness of the guidebook. A subset of TPB expert judges completed items designed to determine the degree of match between the guidebook content and the respective TPB components. Mean item-content relevance ratings indicated at least a "very good match" between the PA guidebook content and the keyed TPB domains. Theoretically based PA information may be an effective strategy for increasing PA in breast cancer survivors at the population level.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

The effect of graphic organizers on subjective and objective comprehension of a health education text.

This study examined the effect of graphic organizers on the comprehension of a health education brochure text and compared subjective with objective comprehension measures. Graphic organizers are graphical depictions of relations among concepts in a text. Participants read a brochure text about asthma with and without these organizers, and subjective and objective text comprehension was measured. It was found that graphic organizers had effects on four levels of objective comprehension as indicated by open comprehension questions. However, on the subjective comprehension measure using Likert-type scales, the groups with and without graphic organizers did not differ from each other. It is concluded that health education texts could benefit from relatively simple techniques to increase comprehension. Furthermore, in developing health education materials, comprehension should be measured objectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Vaccine risk/benefit communication: effect of an educational package for public health nurses.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an in-service for public health nurses (PHNs) and accompanying educational materials could improve vaccine risk/benefit communication. The content and timing of vaccine communication were recorded during 246 pre-and 217 postintervention visits in two public health immunization clinics. Pre-/postintervention comparisons showed PHN communication of severe side effects (13% vs. 44%, p < .0001) and their management (29% vs. 60%, p < .0001) increased. There was no significant change in discussion of vaccine benefits (48% vs. 51%) or common side effects (91% vs. 92%),screening for contraindications (71% vs. 77%), or distribution of written information (89% vs. 92%). More parents initiated vaccine questions postintervention (27% vs. 39%,p < .01) and were more satisfied with vaccine-risk communication (8.1 vs. 8.9 on a 10-point scale, p < .01). Average vaccine communication time increased from 16 to 22 seconds (p < .01).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

AIDS health education for intravenous drug users.

Intravenous (IV) drug users are the second largest risk group for AIDS and the main source of infection for heterosexual partner and pediatric AIDS cases. IV drug users have an addiction and a subculture that make risk reduction difficult; for example, to refuse to share needles can endanger personal relationships, and carrying clean works (rather than renting them in a shooting gallery) risks arrest. In New York City, at least, knowledge about AIDS transmission is widespread among IV drug users, and most drug injectors report having changed their drug use practices to reduce their risks. The main functions of health education in areas where IV drug users have this level of knowledge are to disseminate news of new discoveries; reach those drug users who have not yet learned AIDS basics; reinforce what is already known; and provide information about new programs to help drug users deal with AIDS-related problems. To encourage behavior change requires going beyond simple education, however; it entails trying to change IV drug user subculture. Drug user groups in the Netherlands and in New York City are attempting to do this from within the subculture. Outside intervention requires repeated messages from multiple sources; face-to-face, interactive communication; and perhaps the use of ex-addicts as health educators.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Process evaluation of a home-based program to reduce diet-related cancer risk: the "WIN at Home Series".

A random mailed survey (response N = 226; 75.3%) of participants in diet-related home-based learning evaluated exposure to recruitment channels and impact on salience, utility, level of participation, sharing the course with others, knowledge, and performing recommended behaviors. A post-only design, the study was conducted in a small Minnesota city (population = 20,000), part of the Cancer and Diet Intervention (CANDI) project. About 18.5% of residents (3,711) enrolled during an 8-week media campaign; women, college graduates, and those over 44 years old were overrepresented. Participants learned about the program through mass media (97%); small media (41.9%); and interpersonal sources (50%). Women were more likely to learn about the course through interpersonal sources. In analysis of variance (ANOVA) modeling, salience and utility predicted level of participation in course activities. Level of participation in turn predicted nutrition knowledge and with salience predicted performance of recommended behaviors. Although the course appealed to individuals who needed it less, there was evidence of diffusion to the unenrolled. About 57% of responding participants reported sharing it with spouses; about 67% reported sharing it with someone outside their households.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The impact of tailored self-help smoking cessation guides on young mothers.

It has been suggested that tailoring self-help materials for specific target populations will increase their effectiveness. This study tested the value of a self-help guide tailored specifically for women with young children. These women were recruited through a media campaign that encouraged smokers to call the Cancer Information Service (CIS) for assistance in stopping smoking. Women smokers with young children (under the age of 6) who called the CIS were given telephone counseling on quitting and were mailed one of three stop smoking guides. One third of callers received Quitting Times, a guide written specifically for women with young children; one third received the American Lung Association guide, Freedom from Smoking for You and Your Family; and one third received Clearing the Air, a guide developed by the National Cancer Institute. Six months after calling the CIS, these women were contacted by telephone to assess changes in smoking behavior. Overall, 12.5% of the women reported not smoking for at least 1 week at the time of the 6-month follow-up interview. There were no significant differences between subjects in the three groups in use of the self-help guides, methods used to attempt quitting, and quitting behavior. Findings from this study do not support the hypothesis that using a tailored stop smoking guide increases the targeted audience's cessation rate or affects quitting-related behavior. However, it should be noted that the smokers who called were predominantly in the contemplation or action stages.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge base and preferred methods of obtaining knowledge of glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To gather information regarding patient's understanding of glaucoma and the manner in which patients wish to learn about the disease with the intent of improving patient education. METHODS: Forty-four of sixty randomly selected ophthalmologists (73%) asked four of their patients consecutively to complete a questionnaire about glaucoma. The selection of questions was based on focus group interviews and suggestions from several experts. Topics included knowledge about glaucoma and its treatment, the need for information, and preferred providers and methods of patient education. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the patients had 49% or less correct answers to questions about glaucoma or its treatment. Per item the correct answers ranged from 5% to 90%. Lack of knowledge was associated with low level of education, short duration of glaucoma, high age, and no preference for the Internet as method of supplying information. These variables, however, did not identify groups with a considerable lack of knowledge sufficiently accurately to target patient education. A high need for information was observed and included information about the patient's own glaucoma. Almost all patients preferred the ophthalmologist and many also a nurse or a representative of the Glaucoma Patient Society as providers of information. Written material was the preferred method. CONCLUSIONS: Patient education should address all patients. A patient education program should cover a wide range of topics with a focus on general information through written material and information tailored to the individual glaucoma patient's needs. The ophthalmologist is a key- person, but others could play an important role in patient education.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

'It's your life!': injecting drug users, individual responsibility and hepatitis C prevention.

Health promotion materials on hepatitis C prevention and safe injecting enjoin injecting drug users to produce ethical selves through relatively rigid social and hygiene-related conduct. This article examines a sample of safe injecting and hepatitis C prevention health promotion materials, and interview data gathered from injecting drug users, to consider the ways in which the notion of individual responsibility functions within them. I argue that the primacy of the individual in western culture is indeed reflected in hepatitis C and safe injecting materials and, that for a range of reasons, injecting drug users also make use of notions of individual responsibility. The article concludes by considering the social and health implications of this individualist approach to injecting drug use and health promotion, and by suggesting ways in which effective materials which do not focus solely on the individual can be created.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Information giving can be painless.

Pain is an inevitable consequence following day surgery, but with effective regular pain relief minimal discomfort can be achieved. An information leaflet produced by a pain nurse specialist in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team ensures that comprehensible and non-contradictory information is given to parents. With the increased trend towards paediatric day surgery parents are significant contributors to their child's care in the postoperative period. Written information on pain relief after discharge can help parents make decisions about their child's pain management.

Adult↗