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PubMed2001

[Aspects of ecological occurrences Trichosporon cutaneum (de Beurman Gougerot et Vaucher, 1909 ota, 1915) in waters north-east Polands].

The aim of work was settlement of occurrence of pathogenic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum in diverse ecological environments. Object to investigations former river Wegorapa, Supraśl, lakes of complex Mamry and Sejny group, of cultivation ponds in Popielewo and in Poryte Jabłoń a few springs of city Białystok. In investigations one used method of baits to isolated water fungus. Quality of waters determined by physico-chemistry methods. One fixed, that pathogenic fungus Trichosporon cutaneum stepped out in waters north-east evn Poland on all investigated sites. It was developed in both strong poluted water of lakes and ponds also in good oxygened waters and springs it was too.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1999

[Suggestions concerning serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in Poland].

It has been suggested to change the present way of serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in Poland which utilizes immunoelectrophoresis for confirmation of positive results in a screening test. Diagnostic procedure should be indicated with a sensitive test, such as indirect haemagglutination or immunoenzymatic assay, and every positive result should be verifies later using a Western-blot method in order to detect the most specific reaction with 8 kDa fraction of Echinococcus antigen. Further diferentiation of the infecting species may be accomplished with the aid of Em2 plus ELISA test which detects antibodies specific for E. multilocularis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Occurrence of parasitic Metazoa of bream (Abramis brama) in the natural and artificial reservoirs in Poland].

The occurrence of parasitic Metazoa of bream in Poland was analyzed. Three types of reservoirs were studied--lakes, lakes heated with thermal effluents and artificial reservoirs. The estimated model S = 3.367 * ln(N)--1.192 described relationship between sample size and richness of the component community of bream parasites in lakes. On the basis of this model the confidence intervals for each artificial reservoir and thermally affected lake were computed. The richness of the component communitites of bream did not depend on the type of reservoir (natural vs. artificial). It was affected by the thermal effluents (richer communities in heated lakes), geographical isolation of the reservoir, and young age of the reservoir. Most spectacular influence of the artificial origin of the reservoir was found in Monogenea (group missing in 5-year old reservoir) and Acanthocephalus anguillae (present in 1 out of 4 artificial reservoirs).

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus population in forests of north-western Poland].

The ticks Ixodes ricinus were collected during three growing seasons in forested areas of north-western Poland. The ticks were collected by flagging at 30 sites. The specimens collected (nymphs and adults) were subjected, after an appropiate treatment, to indirect immunofluorescence analysis (IFA). In addition, effects of temperature and atmospheric precipitation on the tick infection with the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi were investigated based on data supplied by the Institute of Meteorology. A total of 8519 individuals of I. ricinus were collected at the sampling sites within May-October of three consecutive years. The pool of individuals obtained consisted of 7356 nymphs, 559 females, and 604 males. The B. burgdorferri prevalence varied rather widely, from 10 to 19%. Compared to nymphs, adult individuals showed a higher infection rate. A relationship between infection rate and I. ricinus activity in different years and months was studied in detail. The boreliosis risk was found to increase with increasing tick activity. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the meteorological parameters (temperature, precipitation), tick abundance, and the B. burgdorferi infection rate.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Parasymphylodora parasquamosa Kulakova, 1972 (Trematoda, Digenea)--new species of the parasite fauna of Poland.

The present short note deals with atypical specimens of the digeneans, collected from fish Leuciscus idus caught in the Vistula mouth, and earlier described (Rokicki 1975) as Asymphylodora kubanicum (Issaitschikoff, 1923) Markewitsch, 1951. The reexamination of these specimens indicated that they represent the species Parasymphylodora parasquamosa Kulakova, 1972. This is a new digenean species in the parasitic fauna of Poland.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[What to improve in approach to diagnose and treat pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia in Poland?].

Group of heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic disorders usually associated with other genetic disorders called for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are occurring less common in children. The WHO classification based on French-American-British (FAB) MDS morphology is widely accepted in adults but does substantially differe from the one applicable in children. The differencies have recently been published. In our national retrospective study we analyzed 99 children with MDS and JMML diagnosed between 1989 and 2003 in Poland. Chemotherapy is generally, not useful in childhood MDS. With a few exceptions hematopoieitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for children with MDS. In this nationalexperience use of a relative or an unrelated donor results are almost comparable to the internationally published ones. Successful management of the disease needs to be run on a basis of cooperative efforts between clinicians and scientists involved in pediatric MDS. This includes need for centralized update and morphologic re-evaluation of all patients in the country as well as appointments on a regular basis for all individuals involved in treatment of MDS for quality control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Distribution of sources of Toxocara spp. infection in urban and rural environments in Poland].

Soil examinations made in 5 regions of Poland in the 1990s comprised 1184 samples taken from urban areas and 590 samples from suburban and rural areas. Toxocara spp. eggs were found more often in urban areas (14% positive samples) than in suburban and rural once (12% positive samples). The average ratio of positive samples was: in the streets and roads--19.3% (0.36 eggs/100g of soil), near houses (backyards, gardens)--18.6% (1.11 eggs/100g), in sandpits--13.0% (0.23/100g), in parks and public gardens--10.5% (0.46 eggs/100g), on playgrounds and playing fields 9,4% (0,06 eggs/100g) and on the beaches--3.4% (0.03 eggs/100g). In children habitual play areas the prevalence of T. cati eggs was higher than T. canis eggs.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) as a reservoir of protozoans from Babesia and Theileria genus in north-western Poland].

The species of genus Babesia and Thelieria are obligate intracellular pathogens that multiply in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Some species of Babesia cause bovine babesiosis infecting erythrocytes of the cattle and wild ruminants, and undergo a complex developmental cycle in ticks which serve as biological vectors. Majority of Theileria spp. cause bovine theileriosis infecting lymphocytes as well as erythrocytes of the cattle and wild ruminants, and similar to Babesia undergo a complex developmental cycle in ticks. In this study, hunter killed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) from north-western Poland were tested for Babesia and Theileria infection in two seasons (spring and autumn, 2004). Infection with babesias and theilerias was detected by PCR assay based on the fragment of nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (nss-ribosomal DNA). Four types of products different in size were obtained and then sequenced. Sequence analysis of nucleotides showed that two kinds of products (385 and 475 bp) were unspecific, the third was characteristic for Theileria sp. (430bp) and the last one for Babesia divergens (407bp). We found that 24.4% of the animals examined were infected with Babesia divergens and 11% with Theileria sp. Percentage of infected animals with B. divergens was almost equal in the spring and autumn (24.6 and 24% respectively). Infection with Theileria was lower in the spring than in the autumn (10.5 and 12% respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Coverage of vaccination against hepatitis B in Poland in 2004].

Vaccinations against hepatitis B were performed according to Programme of Vaccination since 1989. 31,1% of population was vaccinated at the and of 2004. In voivodships vaccination was performed between 38,2% and 27,6% Children and adolescents up to 19 years old were vaccinated in 77,6% and persons older than 20 in 15,6%. In the next 2-4 years all children, adolescents and young adults up to 23 should be vaccinated against hepatitis B in Poland in 95% or even more.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

[Attempt to exclude invasive cardiology services in Poland--rationing, national sovereignty and European Union law].

One of the guiding principles of health policy in many European countries is equitable access to health care services. One of the life saving procedures is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) performed after coronary angiography. Introducing payment for these procedures would limit access for low-income patients. Fortunately, despite political debate, invasive cardiology develops well in Poland. It is important to notice that within the European Union Polish citizens would be able to receive this treatment in other member states and, according to a European Court of Justice ruling, the costs would have to be reimbursed by the National Health Fund. The wider implication is that the 10 new EU member states now have to realise that health care is no longer a matter of national sovereignty - a fact legislators and health care managers in the 15 member states of the pre-accession EU are still struggling with.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2006

[Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women--meta-analyses of randomized trials and description of the study performed in Poland].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women. DESIGN: The study including meta-analyses of randomized trials and description of the study performed in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-smoking counseling for pregnant women was performed in the maternity centers in Lódź. This study consisted of two stages. At the first stage which was performed between 1 December 2000 and 31 December 2001, 149 current smokers and 56 spontaneous quitters were randomized into the smoking cessation intervention and 144 current smokers and 37 spontaneous quitters were included into the control group. The intervention program included four midwife visits during pregnancy and one after delivery. The control units received standard written information about the health risk from maternal smoking to the fetus. The second stage of the study included collection of data on smoking relapse one year postpartum. RESULTS: The chance of quitting smoking by the women who agree to participate in the program was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (OR=5.8; p<0.001). The chance to maintain smoking abstinence one year after delivery was four times higher in intervention than control group (3.7, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The midwife-assisted smoking cessation intervention preformed in Lodz region seems to be an effective tool to help pregnant smoker make a decision to quit smoking and maintain smoking abstinence after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Cohort analysis for treatment outcomes TB pulmonary cases bacteriologically confirmed in Poland].

UNLABELLED: In Poland since 1986 system of treatment outcomes monitoring (TOM) of all confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB) cases has been introduced. This system is based on the Central Tuberculosis Register TB detected and registered in given year from the whole network tuberculosis and lung diseases dispensaries in the country--/ 400 disp. in 2004 yr/. The aim of the study was to asses treatment results of PTB confirmed cases registered in 2003 and in the period 2001-2003. In 2003 5558 cases were registered, The treatment outcomes were assessed according to WHO/Euro TB-categories after 12 months after start of treatment as PTB: cured--67.8%; completed--10.4% (success ratio--77.8%); failed--1.5%, died--5.1% (from TB--2.1%); defaulted--7.6%, still on treatment--0.6%; transferred--1.9%. and unknown--5.5% all registered PTB cases. In period 2001-2003 proportion patients with success of treatment was stable. In 2003 proportion of patients with success of treatment was significantly higher in a groups of new cases--83.7 than in patients with relapses--73.9%; among women--85.4% than in men--80.9%. Among PTB cases smear positive success ratio--81.3 was lower than among PTB cases culture positive--84.0. Among patients with diabetes and alcohol abuse the success of treatment was significantly lower than more patients without these diseases/habit. Alcoholics three times more frequently defaulted treatment than patients without this habit. CONCLUSION: The improvement of treatment outcomes is impossible without generalize directly observed treatment in all patients in continuation phase of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Fish monogeneans from a shallow, eutrophic Oświn Lake in Poland.

BACKGROUND: A study was carried out in a shallow, eutrophic Oświn Lake, within Seven Islands Reserve (north-eastern Poland), in order to determine the infection of fish with monogeneans as sensitive indicators of water quality. This paper presents comparative analysis of the occurrence of Monogenea in fishes from two, distinctly separated pools of the lake, differing in environmental conditions. The impact of fish size and sampling season on the infection parameters was also analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1998 and 1999, a total of 1091 fish representing 8 dominant species were examined. Samples were collected four times a year (in May, July, August, and October) simultaneously from the eastern and western parts of the lake. RESULTS: 16 species of Monogenea (and some unidentified specimeus) occurred in the fish examined, most of them from the Dactylogyridae family: Dactylogyrus sphyrna, D. auriculatus, D. intermedius, D. anchoratus, D. falcatus, D. tincae, D. wunderi, D. zandti, D. difformis, D. nanus, D. distinguendus, D. crucifer, D. caballeroi. Furthermore, Tetraonchus monenteron (Tetraonchidae), Gyrodactylus elegans (Gyrodactylidae), and Paradiplozoon megan (Diplozoidae) were detected. Monogenea occurred abundantly on the gills of pike, roach, rudd, white bream, carp bream and crucian carp, but rather sporadically in tench and perch. The highest species variety and diversity of monogenean guilds were detected in carp bream and roach. It was proved that D. crucifer and D. difformis were significantly more abundant in the western pool compared to the eastern one. Infection of fish with Dactylogyridae was season-dependent, contrary to the infection of pike with T. monenteron. Intensity of infection of white bream with D. sphyrna and roach with D. crucifer increased with fish body length; such a relationship did not appear for the other monogeneans and their hosts. CONCLUSION: Presence of common Monogenea in the fish examined, lack of rare species, poor diversity of monogenean guilds and relatively low infection rate could be connected with the low stability of the lake environment. Location-dependent occurrence of D. crucifer and D. difformis indicated that the exchange between fish groups from the eastern and western parts of the lake is limited.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Yeasts and algae isolated from cows with mastitis in the south-eastern part of Poland.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of mycotic and protohecal mastitis in herds in south-eastern part of Poland. A total of 3091 milk samples from udder quarters with clinical and subclinical mastitis from 29 dairy herds was investigated in this survey. Milk samples were plated as soon as possible on blood agar (BA), Mac Conkey agar, aesculin-tallium acetate-crystal violet agar, and Sabouraud agar. A hundred and thirty one yeast (4.23%) and eleven Protoheca zopfii (0.35%) strains were isolated from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. All the isolated fungi were the yeast classified into 4 genera (Candida, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Rhodotorula). The most frequently isolated yeasts were Candida sp., C. kefyr, C. humicola, C. rugosa and C. inconspicua. Both fungi and algae were isolated first of all during a confinement-housing season.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Etiological agents of dairy cows' mastitis in western part of Poland.

The purpose of the study was to determine the etiological mastitis agents in cows from herds located in the western part of Poland in years 2003-2005. Bacteriological examinations of 18,713 samples taken from California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive quarters were performed according to standard methods. Some Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were examined with the use of API tests (Analytical Profile Index). It was found that 32.7% of samples that were CMT positive were culture negative and 9.3% of samples were contaminated. Streptococcus species (15.7%), coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (14.6%), Staph. aureus (8.6%), Gram-negative bacilli (4.0%) and Corynebacterium species (3.8%) were most frequently isolated. Escherichia coli (52.3%) dominated among Gram-negative bacilli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.6%), Serratia marcescens (3.1%), Pasteurella multocida (3.1%), Acinetobacter lwofii (3.1%), and 26 other bacteria species. Stahylococcus xylosus (31.5%), Staph. hyicus (12.2%), Staph. haemolyticus (12.2%), Staph. sciuri (11.6%), Staph. chromogenes (8.8%), Staph. epidermidis (8.3%) and Staph. simulans (6.1%) were the most frequent CNS. Streptococcus uberis (50%), Str. dysgalactiae (19.7%), Str. acidominimus (6.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (5.3%) were mostly found among CAMP-negative streptococci. An increase in frequency of mastitis caused by non-agalactiae streptococci, Staph. aureus, A. pyogenes and yeast-like fungi and a decrease in that produced by Str. agalactiae in 2005 as compared to years 2003 or 2004 were observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current problems in psychiatric health care in Poland (2005)].

The paper is a presentation of the most important and actual psychiatric health care problems in Poland: the financial situation of hospitals, the risk faced by the out-patient psychiatric care,ethical problems related to clinical practice, as well as issues on postgraduate education.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed2006

[Mutagenic properties of inland waters and sediments in northern Poland].

Mutagenic properties of inland waters in northern Poland were evaluated using the Ames test. The tested surface waters were characterised by low mutagenic impact, while the majority of bottom sediment samples turned out to be highly mutagenic. The mutagenic rates (MR) of sediments ranged from 2 to 169 and depended on pollution of aquatic environment by organic substances and bacteria Escherichia coli. The most polluted sites of the studied rivers and lakes were indicated (MR=158, 169). This information should be useful for local governments as well as habitants.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed2006

[Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in children in the multicenter analysis in Poland for PPGGL].

INTRODUCTION: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in children presents different biological behavior in comparison to adults. Authors presents preliminary results of multicenter analysis concerning incidence, diagnostics and treatment of DTC in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is a retrospective analysis of 107 pediatric patients from 14 academic centers based on the data from 2000 to 2005 obtained by questionnaire in hospitals involved in the treatment of DTC in children. RESULTS: Papillary thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 83 children, follicular thyroid cancer in 10 children and medullary thyroid cancer in 14 children. Incidence of DTC in children was estimated between 18 and 23 cases per year. The biggest group of patients consisted of children between 11 and 15 years of age, with girls to boys ratio 3.3 : 1. Clinically DTC in children presented most often as solitary thyroid nodule. Cervical lymphadenopathy was observed in 42% of patients. Intraoperative verification indicated metastatic nodes in 50% of children. Low stage DTC predominated (T1 in 36% and T2 in 26% of children). One step surgery was performed in 65% of children with DTC, two step surgery in 25% of patients. I131 therapy was undertaken in 80% of children. Lung metastases were indicated in post therapeutic studies in 14% of children with DTC. Prophylactic thyroidectomies were performed in 79% of children in the group of patients with MTC and RET gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The necessity of introduction of unified therapeutic standard in children with DTC in Poland is underlined.

Adolescent↗