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PubMed1979

Nutrition in the Humphrey tradition.

This is only a partial overview of some of the activities within DHEW related to nutrition, with a particular focus on the Nutrition Coordinating Committee. Although the activities are already broad, they will expand as we identify additional problems and decide on appropriate solutions. Let me call on the members of The American Dietetic Association to assist us in our efforts to assign priorities to our activity. My discussion began with nutrition education, because this is a priority for both The American Dietetic Association and DHEW. We would welcome your help now and in the future as we attempt to make our programs in nutrition education and information more effective, more available, and more responsive to the needs of the American people. Nutrition in the Humphrey tradition is alive and well in DHEW.

Food Labeling↗
PubMed1984

Status of nutrition education in Canadian dental and medical schools.

To investigate the present status of nutrition education for dentists and physicians in Canada, we conducted a survey of the nutrition education programs in 10 Canadian dental and 16 medical schools in the academic year 1982-83. Seven of the dental schools and seven of the medical schools had a separate course in nutrition. The average duration of these courses was 22 hours for the dental schools and 26 hours for the medical schools. Nutrition education was integrated with another discipline in 4 of the dental schools and 11 of the medical schools. The average duration of this type of instruction was 14 hours for the dental schools and 18 hours for the medical schools. Six of the dental schools and eight of the medical schools employed a nutritionist/dietitian to provide instruction in nutrition. We recommend that courses in basic and applied clinical nutrition be incorporated throughout the curricula of Canadian dental and medical schools, and that personnel trained in clinical nutrition be employed to provide instruction in this area.

Canada↗
PubMed1994

Apparent dietary intake in remote aboriginal communities.

Apparent per capita food and nutrient intake in six remote Australian Aboriginal communities using the 'store-turnover' method is described. The method is based on the analysis of community-store food invoices. The face validity of the method supports the notion that, under the unique circumstances of remote Aboriginal communities, the turnover of foodstuffs from the community store is a useful measure of apparent dietary intake for the community as a whole. In all Aboriginal communities studied, the apparent intake of energy, sugars and fat was excessive, while the apparent intake of dietary fibre and several nutrients, including folic acid, was low. White sugar, flour, bread and meat provided in excess of 50 per cent of the apparent total energy intake. Of the apparent high fat intake, fatty meats contributed nearly 40 per cent in northern coastal communities and over 60 per cent in central desert communities. Sixty per cent of the apparent high intake of sugars was derived from sugar per se in both regions. Compared with national Australian apparent consumption data, intakes of sugar, white flour and sweetened carbonated beverages were much higher in Aboriginal communities, and intakes of wholemeal bread, fruit and vegetables were much lower. Results of the store-turnover method have important implications for community-based nutrition intervention programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Field validation of a milk-line sampling device for monitoring milk component data.

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a milk-line sampling device to obtain a representative sample under field conditions by comparing the milk component composition between milk-line and bulk-tank samples, for milk harvested from the same group of cows at the same milking. A total of 42 paired milk-line and bulk-tank samples were collected at separate milking events from 21 different dairy herds. Samples were analyzed for milk fat (%), true protein (%), and milk urea nitrogen (mg/dl). Concordance correlation coefficients showed a very high level of agreement between the two sample types, with values ranging between 0.82 and 0.95 for the components measured. ANOVA showed that milk component data derived from milk-line samples were neither statistically nor numerically different from milk component data derived from bulk-tank samples. The strategy of monitoring milk component data through milk line sampling should provide dairy producers with inexpensive, timely, and accurate information that will help to improve ongoing nutritional monitoring programs for individual groups of cows within the dairy herd.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

A study of some aspects of food-related behaviour among a group of men.

A sample of 151 men, mainly industrial employees, completed a questionnaire to measure participation in food-related activities, recent dietary changes, and 14 personality traits from Cattell's 16 personality factor inventory. Men's food-related participation tended more to influencing rather than task-performing; it was greater among younger men and those with wives employed outside the home. Multiple regression analysis suggested that personality characteristics are of greater importance in predicting food-related participation than are demographic characteristics, including education. Factor analysis of questionnaire items on dietary change revealed five factor dimensions of dietary change; men who participated more in food-related activities reported more dietary changes in the recommended direction, particularly with respect to three factors labelled sweets/pastries, fast foods/snacks and condiments/fatty extras. Results of studies on psycho-social influences on nutrition behaviour have implications for nutrition education programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation.

A theory-based multicomponent intervention (Gimme 5) was designed and implemented to impact fourth- and fifth-grade children's fruit, juice, and vegetable (FJV) consumption and related psychosocial variables. Gimme 5 was a randomized controlled intervention trial with school (n = 16 elementary) as unit of random assignment and analysis. Participants included the cohort of students who were in the third grade in the winter of 1994 and students who joined them in the fourth and fifth grades. The intervention included a curriculum, newsletters, videotapes, and point-of-purchase education. Evaluation included 7-day food records and psychosocial measures from students, telephone interviews with parents, and observational assessments. Favorable results were observed for consumption of FJV combined, FJV consumed at weekday lunch, eating FJV self-efficacy, social norms, asking behaviors, and knowledge. A theory-based school nutrition education program can help change children's FJV consumption and impact factors at home that predispose to FJV consumption, but changes were small, and their persistence is unknown.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Nutritional support of the patient receiving high-dose therapy with hematopoietic stem cell support.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive therapy that is being used increasingly in an attempt to cure certain malignancies. One of the major adverse effects of this treatment is an inadequate oral intake that may result in dehydration and malnutrition. Factors that may contribute to inadequate oral intake include mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. In addition, prior to transplant, many patients may have experienced, or continue to experience malnutrition associated with malignancy and its therapy. Traditionally, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been the mainstay of nutritional support in this patient population. The blood and marrow transplant (BMT) team at the Ottawa Hospital has significantly decreased the use of TPN through the initiation of a comprehensive nutritional support program that uses a variety of interventions including oral supplementation and enteral feeding. Understanding the causes and implications of malnutrition, and using tools that allow risk assessment and timely implementation of appropriate nutritional interventions, may facilitate full patient recovery parallel to hematopoietic recovery in the HSCT patient population.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

Critical behaviors in the dietary management of hypertension.

An interdisciplinary group convened by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) was charged with describing the patient behaviors critical to successful dietary management of high blood pressure. The group's report identifies 10 steps the patient must take to change dietary behavior; it emphasizes a gradual, progressive approach and ongoing patient contact with the health care team. The approach should interest the dietary counselor and might serve as an example of how progressive nutrition counseling programs can be built around a behavioral model. The report should stimulate the continuing efforts of the nutrition counselor, the physician, the health care administrator to improve the nutrition care of the patient.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of nutritional status on hospital admission: nutritional scores.

Malnutrition is still a largely unrecognized problem in hospitals. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is generally related to increasing morbidity and mortality, and costs and length of stay. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of patients on admission to a general hospital using different nutritional scores and to test the sensitivity and specificity of these scores. Sample population included 60 patients (55% male; 45% female) selected (aged 65.6+/-15.9 y) at random by using a computer software program. The nutritional state assessment was performed within 48 h of admission, using different nutritional indices (Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Gassull classification, Instant Nutritional Assessment (INA) and a combined index). About 78.3% of patients were found to be malnourished on admission. The frequency of malnutrition degree varied from 63.3% as assessed by the SGA to 90% with the NRI. Malnutrition severity was not related to the diagnosis. However, an elderly population was associated with a higher prevalence of malnutrition. INA was the best single score to identify patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and who may benefit from nutrition support.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diet quality among older Quebecers as assessed by simple indicators.

To determine whether older Quebecers are eating adequately and whether summary scores represent diet quality, a representative subset of participants aged 55 to 74 (weighted n=460, 47% male) was studied from the 1990 Enquête québécoise sur la nutrition dataset. Participants' diet quality was scored from adjusted 24-hour recalls. Foods were coded into Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating food groups. Usual Dietary Adequacy Score (maximum=18) and Dietary Diversity Score (maximum=4) were calculated from adjusted food guide portions and validated internally in relation to achievement of nutrient recommendations using correlation analysis. Average usual Dietary Adequacy Score (mean +/- standard error) was 14.96 +/- 0.15 (men) and 13.72 +/- 0.15 (women). Only 7% of men and 1% of women achieved the maximum usual score. Forty-four percent of men and 45% of women scored a usual Dietary Diversity Score of 3, and 55% of men and 50% of women achieved 4. Thus, approximately half of older Quebecers showed inadequate dietary variety, and consumed fewer than the minimum recommended number of servings from certain food groups. Summary diet quality indicators are useful for tracking diet quality, and provide critical data for planning nutrition education programs targeting older persons.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Malnutrition in the elderly--a challenge for health services].

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) remains common in elderly and chronically ill individuals. PEM is an independent risk factor for death in the elderly, and contributes to increased risk of infection, hip fracture, pressure sores and depression. Intervention studies indicate that nutritional treatment may confer positive effects in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, during rehabilitation following hip fracture, and in elderly patients with multiple disorders. However, the scientific foundation for this is still weak, and for many wasting disorders there are no available data supporting a recommendation of nutritional treatment. Future challenges for clinical nutrition are the development of nutritional intervention programs and evaluation of adjuvant anabolic and inflammation modulating treatments for the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of body height and body weight in relation to growth in children in the North Backa region].

INTRODUCTION: Body weight and height in regard to age present an important indicator for evaluation of health status in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate body weight and height in regard to age in children of the North Backa Region (Subotica, Backa Topola and Mali Idos) compared to reference values. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of transversal anthropometric measurements performed from 1995-1998 of body weight and body height of 25.790 children aged 1-18 from Health Centers in North Backa Region have been statistically processed by software "CHILD". Body weight and height in regard to age were evaluated by standard deviation, according to international World Health Organization reference values and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS/WHO). RESULTS: Body weight was established (+2 standard deviation) in 9.33% children, while 1.14% had decreased body weight from -2 standard deviation. Obesity, as well as undernourishment, dominated among children from village Mali Idos. Body height higher than +2 standard deviation was registered in 8.07% children, mostly among boys from Backa Topola. Body height lower than -2 standard deviation was found in 2.10% children of our region. DISCUSSION: Obesity in children aged 1-18, in our region is higher than in the children from UN regions and subregions. Only Russia has worse results generally speaking. In regard to the WHO Global Database of underweight children, we can say that in our children it is hardly present. CONCLUSION: These findings reflect the need for prospective growth monitoring of children in our area and for health improvement through nutrition intervention programs.

Adolescent↗