Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Netilmicin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Acute Salmonella typhi meningitis in a 25-day-old newborn infant complicated by obstruction of the sylvian artery].

UNLABELLED: Acute Salmonella typhi meningitis is rare in neonates, mostly reported from developing countries with poor socioeconomic conditions. CASE REPORT: A male Caucasian newborn presented with acute Salmonella typhi meningitis at the age of 25 days. His parents had traveled across several African countries under rudimentary hygienic conditions a few months before his birth. Despite early and adapted antibiotic therapy (cefotaxime plus netilmycine), the child developed ischemia in the region of the left sylvian artery. CONCLUSION: Salmonella meningitis must be considered while dealing with a sick newborn whose mother has traveled across countries with endemic typhoid.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed2002

[Kingella kingae: a rare cause of meningitis].

UNLABELLED: Kingella kingae is the second most frequent germ involved in arthritis affecting young children. This germ isolation on ordinary environment is difficult, which may explain why it is seldom known. It is now widely accepted that a direct inoculate of articular and osseous samples on liquid substrate improves the culture sensitivity. Other septic localizations have been described such as endocarditis or, less commonly, meningitis. CASE REPORT: We report the observation of a five-year-old child, treated for meningitis, with CSF culture showing evidence of scarce colonies of Kingella kingae. CONCLUSION: By analogy with arthritis, Kingella kingae may regularly be undetected, not being isolated, in some cases of non-documented meningitis with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology recalling a bacterial origin. It would be of interest to verify if the seeding of CSF in liquid substrate would increase the sensitiveness of the cultures.

Ceftriaxone↗
PubMed1984

Stability of aminoglycoside resistance in vitro in gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Stability of aminoglycoside resistance has been investigated in 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin (16 strains were also resistant to methicillin). In view of previous reports that incubation at elevated temperatures can hasten the loss of unstable antibiotic resistance, we passaged strains daily in a liquid medium for 24 days at 43 degrees C. The nine strains which were resistant to neomycin kept their aminoglycoside resistance virtually intact, whereas most of the other 11 strains (sensitive to neomycin) lost almost all their resistance to gentamicin and kanamycin after 5 days. It thus appears that the stability of aminoglycoside resistances in Staph. aureus is closely linked to the resistance of the strains to neomycin. This finding has important possible consequences in terms of the advisability of the clinical usage of preparations containing neomycin or framycetin for topical application and bowel sterilization.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1988

Glutathione transferase in the urine: a marker for post-transplant tubular lesions.

Basic glutathione transferase released from the proximal tubular epithelium in the kidney was monitored in the urine of 69 recipients of renal allografts. The enzyme was isolated from human liver and the urinary analysis performed with radioimmunoassay. Patients receiving cyclosporine A without toxicity or rejection did not excrete this enzyme in their urine; whereas the urine of patients with cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity contained significant amounts of the transferase (P less than 0.001). Patients with allograft rejection also showed increased urinary concentrations of the basic glutathione transferase, but had significantly lower values than patients with cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity (P less than 0.001). During aminoglycoside and co-trimoxazole treatment, the urinary concentration of this transferase also increased. Patients with renal infarction showed a sudden increase in urinary transferase to very high levels. The results indicate that quantitative analysis of the basic glutathione transferase in urine is useful for monitoring renal tubular lesions present in various complications following transplantation, such as cyclosporine and antibiotic induced nephrotoxicity and renal infarction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Clinical course of peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species complicating peritoneal dialysis: a review of 104 cases.

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis due to Pseudomonas species is a serious complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The clinical course of peritonitis due to Pseudomonas complicating CAPD remains unclear. METHODS: All of the Pseudomonas species episodes of peritonitis in our dialysis unit were studied from 1995 to 1999. During this period, there were 859 episodes of peritonitis recorded, 113 of which were caused by the Pseudomonas species. Nine episodes were excluded because they were mixed growth. The remaining 104 episodes in 68 patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The underlying renal diagnosis and prevalence of comorbid conditions of the 68 patients were similar to those found in our entire dialysis population. There was a history of antibiotic therapy within 30 days of the onset of peritonitis due to the Pseudomonas species in 69 episodes (66.3%). In 47 episodes (45.2%) there was a concomitant exit site infection. The overall primary response rate was 60.6% and the complete cure rate was 22.1%. The presence of exit site infection was associated with a lower primary response rate (22 in 47 vs. 41 in 57 episodes, P < 0.01) and a lower complete cure rate (5 in 47 vs. 18 in 57 episodes, P < 0.02). The episodes that had received recent antibiotic therapy had a significantly lower complete cure rate than the de novo cases (8 in 69 vs. 15 in 35 episodes, P < 0.001). Episodes receiving third-generation cephalosporin as part of the initial antibiotic regimen had a significantly higher primary response rate than the ones that initially received aminoglycoside (54 in 81 episodes vs. 8 in 22 episodes, P < 0.05), but their complete cure rates were similar. Twenty-four cases failed to respond to antibiotics and the Tenckhoff catheter was removed. The chance of returning to CAPD was higher when the Tenckhoff catheter was removed on day 10 than on day 15 (9 in 14 cases vs. 5 in 10 cases), although the result was not statistically significant. The Tenckhoff catheter was removed and replaced at another site simultaneously in another 14 cases after the effluent cleared up. None of these patients had a relapse of peritonitis within three months. CONCLUSIONS: Recent antibiotic therapy is the major risk factor for peritonitis due to the Pseudomonas species. Exit site infection and recent antibiotic therapy are associated with poor therapeutic response to antibiotics. When the therapeutic response is suboptimal, early Tenckhoff catheter removal may help preserve the peritoneum for further peritoneal dialysis. Elective Tenckhoff catheter exchange after clearing up the peritoneal dialysis effluent may also reduce the likelihood of relapse. It is desirable to use third-generation cephalosporin in the initial antibiotic regimen for peritonitis treatment in localities with a high incidence of peritonitis due to the Pseudomonas species.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Stereotactic aspiration and drainage of brain abscesses. Experience with 9 cases.

The first-line treatment for brain abscesses is still a much-debated argument. Recently, stereotactic aspiration of these lesions has gained ground as a valid alternative to the traditional medical and/or surgical therapeutical treatments. From 1991 to 1995, 9 patients affected by intracranial abscesses were surgically treated by stereotactic puncture of the lesion and drainage of pus, using the Kelly-Goerss stereotactic system. Multiple abscesses were present in one case. Specific antibiotic therapy was used in the post-operative stage, when possible. One death occurred four weeks after surgery for acute ischemia of the brain stem. Follow-up CT demonstrated gradual resolution of the abscesses in all the cases and a successful return to normal daily life in all the surviving patients. In one case, recurrence of the abscess occurred two months after resolution: a successful result was obtained by steroids and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy alone. Possible advantages of this technique are discussed and compared with the traditional routes. The literature concerning this argument is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by group B Streptococcus.

A full-term infant was born with a swollen left conjunctival sac. Ophthalmia neonatorum developed within 5 d after birth. Examination of the purulent discharge showed Group B Streptococcus. The CRP level was found to be elevated and parenteral and topical therapy was started. Ophthalmia neonatorum resolved after 7 d of treatment.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activity of lomefloxacin (SC-47111) against enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and staphylococci.

The activity of lomefloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was tested against 190 Enterobacteriaceae strains (belonging to 23 different species), 70 enterococci and 70 staphylococci. As regards Enterobacteriaceae, the activity of lomefloxacin was the same as that of norfloxacin in 9 out of the 23 species tested, and only slightly lower in further 8 species. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values for 90% of strains were 0.5 microgram/ml in 2 species, 0.25 microgram/ml in 6, 0.125 microgram/ml in 4, and lower than 0.125 microgram/ml in 8. Slightly higher values were obtained for Serratia marcescens (2 micrograms/ml), whilst, as already reported for the other new quinolones, the susceptibility of the Providencia genus was very poor, with MIC values up to 128 micrograms/ml for the vast majority of strains. Lomefloxacin proved bactericidal at the MIC in all the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested but 20. In the latter strains, however, bactericidal activity could be appreciated at values slightly exceeding MIC. As regards enterococci, the MIC for 90% of strains was 32 micrograms/ml. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was the same as the MIC for 78% of the strains tested and was only twofold higher in all the others. The new drug was also active against staphylococci having an MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.5 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. It was bactericidal at the MIC for 62% of the strains and at twofold the MIC for all the others.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1997

Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical organisms.

Three cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), requiring intensive care admission, are presented. The clinical picture of a "typical" bacterial pneumonia in the three patients led to an initial empirical treatment with amoxicillin clavulanic acid or 2(nd) generation cephalosporins. The treatment had to be changed in all three because of clinical failure. Erythromycin was added to the therapy with good clinical evolution. Serology confirmed atypical organisms to be responsible. Only the chest X-ray might have suggested an "atypical" or a "viral-like" agent. A proposition is made for an empirical combination of antibiotics in severely ill patients with CAP with more than unilobar consolidation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Prediction of gram-negative bacteremia in patients with cancer and febrile neutropenia by means of interleukin-8 levels in serum: targeting empirical monotherapy versus combination therapy.

In a prospective observational study of 133 neutropenic episodes, interleukin (IL)-8 serum levels > 2000 pg/mL at the onset of fever had a sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 97% as a predictor of gram-negative bacteremia (GNB; positive predictive value, 73%; negative predictive value, 94%). The rates of early death differed significantly between patients with high and those with low IL-8 levels (3/11 vs. 1/122; P< .01). Serum IL-8 levels at the onset of fever define a low-risk subgroup of patients who can safely be treated with monotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effectiveness and safety of once-daily aminoglycosides: a meta-analysis.

The effectiveness and safety of once-daily versus several-times-daily aminoglycosides were studied in a meta-analysis. MEDLINE for 1988 to 1995 was searched, and additional studies were identified from review articles and references in retrieved articles. Studies selected for meta-analysis were randomized controlled clinical trials in nonneutropenic adult patients comparing the clinical effectiveness or nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity of once-daily with several-times-daily aminoglycosides. Differences between groups were expressed as odds ratios. The results were combined by the procedure of Mantel and Haenszel, and 95% confidence intervals and exact confidence intervals were computed. An odds ratio smaller than 1 would indicate a lesser likelihood of a given endpoint in the once-daily group, and an odds ratio greater than 1 would indicate a greater likelihood. Eighteen studies involving 2317 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios were 1.47 for effectiveness (95% CI = 1.13-1.94), 0.56 for ototoxicity (95% CI = 0.26-1.16), and 0.60 for nephrotoxicity (95% CI = 0.40-0.86). A meta-analysis showed that treatment with single daily doses of aminoglycosides seems to be more effective, less nephrotoxic, and as ototoxic as multiple doses daily.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative studies of intermittent and continuous administration of aminoglycosides in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections due to gram-negative bacteria.

The positive correlation between the protein concentration in bronchial secretions and the penetration of amikacin and tobramycin in the present study suggests that inflammation favorably affects the penetration of aminoglycosides into these secretions. As shown in this and other studies, local inactivation of aminoglycosides might counterbalance this effect to some extent. The relatively low penetration of aminoglycosides into the bronchial secretions (approximately 20%) probably accounts for the poor antibacterial activity of bronchial secretions of aminoglycoside-treated patients and, possibly, for the poor clinical outcome of bronchopneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria. Continuous infusion of these antibiotics, even at high dosage, does not appear to solve the problem; it does not achieve at any time satisfactory inhibitory activity against Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bronchial secretions. Although intermittent injections can result in higher levels of aminoglycosides within the bronchial secretions, such levels cannot be maintained for prolonged periods unless the dosage is increased. Thus endotracheal administration of aminoglycosides might still be indicated as an adjunct for therapy of severe bronchial infections due to gram-negative bacteria.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1980

Endemic aminoglycoside resistance in gram-negative bacilli: epidemiology and mechanisms.

Isolates of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens peaked at nine to 10 per month in 1973-1974. Instituting barrier-type precautions during 1974-1977 was associated with a sustained 87% reduction in resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The number of resistant Pseudomonadaceae fell temporarily by 28%, paralleling gentamicin usage. During an endemic 15-month period in 1976-1977 nonenzymatically mediated resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa often emerged after aminoglycoside therapy in patients who had prior carriage of sensitive strains of the same serotype (P = 0.002); this resistance was associated with wound or sputum isolates (P = 0.003). Resistant Enterobacteriaceae more often demonstrated the converse, that is, spread of urinary tract isolates with enzymatically mediated resistance from patients not on aminoglycoside therapy. These findings suggest that control measures to minimize occurrence of resistant bacilli include barrier-type precautions for patients with resistant Enterobacteriaceae, evaluation of transfers and readmissions as a source of resistant organisms, and reduction of aminoglycoside use to decrease the selection of nonenzymatic resistance.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

Levels of free granulocyte elastase in bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis: effect of antimicrobial treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Large amounts of free granulocyte elastase (GE), an enzyme capable of mediating airway damage, have been found in bronchial secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis who are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This finding indicates an imbalance between GE and its antiproteases, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) and bronchial mucosal inhibitor (BMI), in the airways of these individuals. The effect of intravenous antimicrobial treatment against P. aeruginosa on activity and concentration of GE, BMI, and alpha 1-PI was evaluated in 30 treatment courses of 20 patients with cystic fibrosis. Although sputum volume and level of immunoreactive GE decreased and concentrations of alpha 1-PI and BMI increased significantly (P less than .05), a high level of free GE persisted. No active alpha 1-PI and BMI were detectable after treatment. High levels of GE correlated with a poor pulmonary condition (rs = .98, P less than .001). In vitro, elastolytic activity of bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis was significantly inhibited by eglin C and an oxidation-resistant variant of alpha 1-PI, both compounds currently produced by recombinant DNA technology.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

The inductive role of ionic binding in the bactericidal and postexposure effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics with implications for dosing.

Gram-negative bacilli precooled to 4 degrees C to inactivate energy-dependent drug transport were exposed to an aminoglycoside antibiotic to assess the antibacterial effect of passive ionic binding of drug. Removal of free drug and energizing the cells by incubation at 37 degrees C showed the postexposure effect to be bactericidal. The effect was directly related to the amount and concentration of drug in the initial exposure medium proportional to the bacterial density. Binding was nonsaturable at the highest drug:bacteria ratio tested. Elution, exposure of spheroplasts, and inhibition by divalent cations indicated binding sites in the outer bacterial membrane. Different bacterial species had variable efficiency but similar patterns of binding different aminoglycosides reflecting in vitro susceptibility. The self-promoted postexposure internalization of ionically bound aminoglycoside accounts for the early drug-concentration-dependent rapid bactericidal action of aminoglycosides. The phenomenon has implications for effective initial dosing with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Amikacin↗