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PubMed1982

Histopathology of periodontitis ('broken-mouth') in sheep: a further consideration.

Histological observations of serial sections through the anterior teeth and periodontia of mature five-year-old sheep with 'broken-mouth' revealed two important histopathological features which advance the understanding of the disease mechanism. The periodontal pockets may extend not only in a vertical but also in a horizontal direction. The host response associated with microbial plaque at the advancing front and the more established regions showed obvious cellular differences. At the advancing front emigrating neutrophils are very evident, the pocket epithelium very thin, sometimes with microulceration. In the more established regions dense plasma cell infiltrates are common, with low numbers of neutrophils. It was concluded that broken-mouth periodontitis results from an active progression of plaque-forming oral microorganisms (of unknown species) advancing along the root surface between the cementum and periodontal tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Expression of the VP3-VP1 sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Escherichia coli.

1. cDNA recombinants containing the VP3 and VP1 sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus were isolated and the VP3-VP1 sequence was reconstructed. 2. The reconstructed VP3-VP1 sequence was subcloned into expression vector pEX31b and a fusion protein of about 62,000 Da was expressed. 3. When injected into mice, the fusion protein was able to elicit the production of antibodies that recognized viral VP1 and VP3. 4. Antibodies present in sera from mice immunized with VP3-VP1 protein did not neutralize the foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Comparative between-laboratory trials of the liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA for the detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Fifty bovine serum samples were tested for the presence or amounts of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus serotypes A, O and C by the liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA (lpb-ELISA) using reagents prepared by the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRL) in Pirbright, U.K. Twenty of the sera had been collected before extensive vaccination with a commercial inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine was ceased and the remaining thirty originated from animals which had not been vaccinated for more than one year. After the test had been completed, the samples were sent to another two laboratories to be examined by the same assay. Results obtained in the laboratories were compared to assess the degree of agreement in serological tests for FMD in cattle. Antibodies to at least one of the three FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes were demonstrated in 70% of the serum samples. Antibodies to the antigens A5, O1 and C1 were present in 58%, 66% and 58% of the sera, respectively. The overall between-laboratory agreement of the results of the lpb-ELISA for the detection of antibodies against all three serotypes was 96%. Discrepancies in terms of type specificity did not exceed 10%. Most discrepancies were recorded in sera with low antibody titres or optical densities (OD) around the cut-off point. An increase of concentration of C1 antigen in reaction mixture reduced the sensitivity of ELISA and results of screening tests became negative in sera with antibody titres of 1: 90 and lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Helicobacter pylori and the mouth cavity--overview and perspectives].

In view of the possibility of reinfection after successful treatment and the pitfalls in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) from gastric mucosa, it is of great interest to identify natural reservoirs for this organism, other than the stomach. This review discusses the results of investigations as to whether H. pylori can be harboured in the microaerobic environment of dental plaques in saliva. Only few data are available on the prevalence of H. pylori in the mouth. Data from conventional microbiological technique studies are contradictory, with the prevalence varying from 3.4% to 100%. Different diagnostic procedures were used to identify H. pylori, but only a few seem to be reliable enough to detect H. pylori in clinical samples taken from the mouth. Moreover, insufficient information is provided on the role of hygienic conditions in the investigated oral cavity and the existence of gingival or periodontal disease. The mechanisms of oral colonisation with H. pylori are still unknown. Human periodontal disease is associated with a complex microflora in which more than 350 microbial species can be encountered. The periodontal pocket may be important as a natural reservoir for H. pylori, because it can provide microaerobic conditions. Recently reported molecular techniques such as the highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may help to clarify the prevalence of oral carriage of H. pylori in future.

Dental Plaque↗

PubMed1993

ATP content in 3-day-old bacterial plaques with or without a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse.

This study describes a method aimed at measuring the bacterial ATP content of dental plaques formed on a polyester support attached on tooth surfaces in the oral cavity. It reports on the variations in ATP content in 3 days old plaques of a well-defined surfaces with or without the use of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth-wash twice daily. The results, expressed in bacterial equivalents, show a reduction of dental plaque metabolism after 3 days of chlorhexidine rinses to 19.5% of its value in the control tests without mouth-washes. Bacterial metabolism represented 6.05 bacterial equivalents per mm2 in the control group versus 1.18 equivalents in the chlorhexidine test group.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1977

Modification of the Dott-Dingman mouth gag.

In cleft palate patients with a protrucing premaxilla, retrusion or collapse, the abnormal alveolar arches require a mouth gag which can be fitted to the individual. This modification of the Dott-Dingman mouth gag allows maximum adjustability and exposure.

Cleft Palate↗

PubMed1997

[What does mouth care mean to cancer patients?].

The article describes an analysis of literature concerning the knowledge about mouth care with oncology patients. The still used empirical knowledge in assessing patient needs is compared with the use of assessment tools based on nursing science. The use of traditional mouth care products is discussed too.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗

PubMed1998

[General anesthesia in a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome with restricted opening of the mouth].

Patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome have many anomalies including micrognathia with a small mouth, a high arched palate, and a short neck, which might make laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation difficult during induction of general anesthesia. General anesthesia was performed in a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and restricted opening of the mouth, which had not been reported previously, was found during laryngoscopy. The possible causes were thought to be temporo-mandibular joint disorders, contracture of the masseter muscle due to injury by self-destructive tendencies, or elogated coronoid process. The potential difficulty with laryngoscopy should be considered for tracheal intubation in a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein in squamous epithelial carcinomas and normal and dysplastic epithelium of the mouth cavity].

Routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material of 123 squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth and tongue bordered by non-tumorous mucosa were immunohistochemically investigated for the expression of p53 protein using a panel of four anti-p53 antibodies (CM1, PAb 1801, DO7, PAb240) following wet autoclave antigen retrieval. p53 immunoreactivity was detected in 55-67% of the carcinomas, with the different antibodies used showing a preferential accumulation of the p53-positive tumour cells at the invasive tumour front. In dysplastic and normal epithelium focal or dispersed p53 immunopositivity could be detected in 62-72% and 57-70% of the cases, respectively, regardless of the p53 immunostatus of the carcinomas. No statistically significant correlations between p53 immunophenotype of the tumours and clinico-pathological parameters, or survival of the patients, could be detected statistically. It is concluded that immunohistochemically detectable p53 accumulation in oral cancer might indicate an early stage of carcinogenesis. The immunohistochemical detection of p53 in these tumours, however, is without prognostic significance.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Musculomucosal nasolabial island flaps for floor of mouth reconstruction.

A modification of the musculomucosal nasolabial island flap based on the facial artery for reconstruction of anterior floor of mouth defects is presented. Surgical technique and advantages in comparison to conventional nasolabial flaps are described. A series of 14 flaps in 8 patients is presented.

Arteries↗

PubMed2005

Vaccination against foot and mouth disease reduces virus transmission in groups of calves.

The aim of vaccination during an epidemic of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is not to induce clinical protection, but to reduce virus transmission. Since no quantitative data were available on the effectiveness of vaccination in cattle, we investigated whether a single vaccination against FMD could reduce virus transmission in groups of calves by estimating the reproduction ratio R, i.e. the average number of secondary cases caused by one infectious animal in a susceptible population. We performed two experiments with six groups of either four vaccinated or four non-vaccinated calves each. Vaccination was carried out with O(1) Manisa vaccine. Two weeks after vaccination, two calves per group were inoculated intra-nasally with FMDV field isolate O/NET 2001. The two other calves were contact-exposed to the inoculated calves. Contact infections were observed by clinical inspection, virus isolation and RT-PCR on heparinised blood, oro-pharyngeal fluid and probang samples and antibody response to non-structural proteins. In all six non-vaccinated groups, transmission to contact-exposed calves was recorded; in the vaccinated groups, virus transmission was observed to one contact-exposed calf. In the non-vaccinated groups R(c) was 2.52 and significantly above 1, whereas in the vaccinated groups R(v)=0.18 and significantly below 1, indicating that vaccination may successfully be applied as additional intervention tool to reduce virus transmission in a future epidemic of FMD.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The infrahyoid flap. A technique for defect closure in the floor of the mouth, the tongue, the buccal mucosa, and the lateral pharyngeal wall.

The surgical technique, indications, and results of the infrahyoid muscle flap are presented. This flap is fed by the superior thyroid vessels and innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The flap is indicated in case of medium-sized defects in the floor of the mouth, the tongue, the buccal mucosa, and the lateral pharyngeal wall. The advantages of the technique presented include the rapid flap elevation close to the original operating field, the ability to use the motor capability of the flap, and the ability to combine it with other local flaps--for example, the platysma flap. This technique appeared to render excellent function for swallowing and speech. Safe flap grafting is possible only if the internal jugular vein is preserved.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

The effects of mouth rinses and dentifrice-containing magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (mmpp) on oral microflora, plaque reduction, and mucosa.

The effects of a magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (MMPP) mouth-rinse, with or without sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and an MMPP dentifrice, on salivary counts of bacterial flora and yeasts, and on supragingival plaque scores were investigated in 131 healthy oral candida carriers over a 9 week double blind study. There were no changes in the salivary counts of bacteria studied (anaerobes, streptococci, fusobacteria, Actinomyces, Viellonella) in the test or placebo groups. A significant increase in salivary candida counts was seen in subjects using an MMPP rinse and dentifrice compared with placebo subjects and this phenomenon was not influenced by the presence of SLS. A significant reduction in plaque was seen in subjects using an MMPP rinse and dentifrice compared with placebo subjects. Frank candidosis was observed in only 2 subjects (1 in the placebo rinse group and 1 in the MMPP dentifrice group) but erythematous lesions, with subjective reports of soreness, dryness or burning sensation, were recorded and observed more frequently in the experimental groups than in the placebos, especially in those also using SLS. The substantial plaque reduction achieved with MMPP in the absence of tooth staining but with the increase in salivary Candida counts suggests that further studies of MMPP are warranted.

Actinomyces↗

PubMed1995

Evaluation of mouth self-examination in the control of oral cancer.

This study was planned to evaluate the feasibility of mouth self-examination (MSE). Some 450 college students distributed to 9000 households a brochure describing the risk factors of oral cancer, the appearance of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity and the methods of MSE with pictures. All subjects with tobacco habits and/or aged 30 years or over were asked to read the brochure carefully and to report to the clinic conducted in their locality on fixed days, if they suspected an abnormality while practising MSE. Out of the approximately 22,000 eligible subjects, 8028 (36%) practised MSE. Among the 247 subjects reporting to the clinics seven (3%) had oral cancer and 85 (34%) had oral precancerous lesions; the others had either benign lesions or normal anatomical variations. Six of the seven subjects with oral cancer had stage I disease, five of whom accepted treatment and were alive disease-free 5 years later. The detection rates of oral cancer compared favourably with the previously reported detection rates using trained health workers. Although this study demonstrated that MSE is feasible, larger studies are required to evaluate whether health education could result in a sustained practice of MSE resulting in reduction in incidence of and mortality from oral cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Primary ectopic thyroid papillary carcinoma in the floor of the mouth and tongue: a case report.

We report a rare case of papillary carcinoma in the tongue and floor of the mouth with metastasis in cervical lymph nodes. Treatment was by total thyroidectomy with right radical lymph node dissection of the neck, followed by 60 Gy of radiotherapy and 100 mCi (131)I. Pathological examination of the thyroid gland showed no primary cancer. We review publications about ectopic thyroid and the value of antithyroglobulin immunostaining for diagnosis and treatment of the tumour.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

An unusual alimentary duplication cyst at the floor of the mouth--a proposal of new criteria for alimentary duplications.

In a 11-month-old boy, a cyst lined with non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium and surrounded by striated muscle bundles with respiratory elements was found at the floor of the mouth. The cyst was excised without complications. As the cyst wall resembles the structure of the upper oesophagus, we think that this may be an alimentary duplication cyst, although it does not satisfy Lister's proposed criteria for alimentary duplications. To our knowledge, intraoral duplication cysts similar to the upper oesophageal tissue have not been reported previously. From the experience of this case, we propose new criteria for alimentary duplications.

Choristoma↗

PubMed1995

Expression of p53 protein in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumorous mucosa of the floor of the mouth: an archival immunohistochemical study using wet autoclave pretreatment for antigen retrieval.

Routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material of 22 squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of the mouth (T2NoMo, Ro), together with adjacent dysplastic or normal mucosa, were immunohistochemically investigated using a panel of four anti-p53 antibodies (CM1, PAb1801, DO7, PAb240) subsequent to wet autoclave pretreatment for antigen retrieval. p53 immunoreactivity was detected in 9/22 (40%) carcinomas with PAb1801 and DO7 antibodies, and in 8/22 cases using CM1 and PAb 240. p53-positive tumour cells accumulated predominantly at the invasive front of the carcinomas. A focal or scattered p53 immunoreactivity was observed in the adjacent normal and/or dysplastic mucosa in 17/22 (77%) cases using both CM1 and PAb1801 antibodies, in 10/22 with DO7, and in 8/22 with PAb240. This study has demonstrated examples of different p53 immunophenotypes in the non-tumorous and neoplastic oral mucosa of the same patient without significant correlation to the clinicopathological parameters studied.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1959

Densitygradient centrifugation with infectious ribonucleic acid of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

The sedimentation constant of an infectious component in ribonucleic acid preparations from foot-and-mouth disease virus has been determined by density-gradient centrifugation. A sedimentation constant of 37 Svedberg units (S(t)) was obtained. On the assumption that the relation between the molecular weight and the sedimentation constant found by Gierer is applicable to our system as well, a value of 3.1 x 10(6) was calculated for the molecular weight of the infectious component.

Animals↗