Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Library Science”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The use of jargon in medical school libraries.

The public services divisions of forty-seven medical school libraries participated in a survey to document jargon used by library staff and users in referring to information sources in the health sciences. The survey yielded 624 unique instances of jargon, 54% of which were acronyms of initialisms. Examples of problems created by the use of jargon are given and the importance of the librarian as a facilitator of communication, even in the presence of automated information systems, is discussed. Implications of the study for novice librarians are suggested. The body of jargon appears to serve as an effective cross-professions communications device.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed2004

Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effectiveness of zaleplon, zolpidem or zopiclone (Z-drugs) with either benzodiazepines licensed and approved for use in the UK for the short-term management of insomnia (diazepam, loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, nitrazepam, temazepam) or with each other. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index/Web of Science were searched from 1966 to March 2003 and The Cochrane Library, reference lists of included studies and a number of psychopharmacology journals. Randomized controlled trials comparing either benzodiazepines with the Z-drugs or any two of the Z-drugs in patients with insomnia were included. Outcome measures included: sleep onset latency, total sleep duration, number of awakenings, quality of sleep, adverse events, tolerance, rebound insomnia and daytime alertness. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twenty four eligible studies were identified with a total study population of 3,909 (17 studies comparing a Z-drug with a benzodiazepine and 7 comparing a Z-drug). Insufficient or inappropriately reported data meant that meta-analysis was possible only for a small number of outcomes. There are few clear, consistent differences between the drugs. Some evidence suggests that zaleplon gives shorter sleep latency but shorter duration of sleep than zolpidem, reflecting the pharmacological profiles of the drugs.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2000

Oral vasoactive medication in intermittent claudication: utile or futile?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of orally administered vasoactive medication in the management of intermittent claudication. SETTING: We limited our study to the products on the market in Belgium: cinnarizine, cyclandelate, isoxsuprine, naftidrofuryl, pentoxifylline, xanthinol nicotinate and buflomedil. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a systematic literature search involving Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Cochrane Library, direct contact with marketing companies and key authors, snowballing and Science Citation Index search. We looked for randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with Fontaine stage II, in which pain-free and/or maximal walking distance were measured using a standardised exercise test. For isoxsuprine and xanthinol nicotinate, no trials conforming to these criteria were found. Thirty-six trials on cinnarizine, cyclandelate, buflomedil, naftidrofuryl and pentoxifylline met our inclusion criteria. STUDY SELECTION: After quality assessment, 26 trials were excluded, mainly because of short trial duration (less than 12 weeks), small sample size (less than 30 patients) and/or failure to report details on variability (standard deviation or confidence limits). For cinnarizine and cyclandelate, none of the three selected RCTs was included. DATA EXTRACTION: For buflomedil, of six published RCTs, two were included after quality assessment, each showing a marginally positive effect of buflomedil versus placebo. For naftidrofuryl, nine RCTs were selected; six were included of which five showed a significant positive result. The likelihood of publication bias and the heterogeneity of the results within and between trials precluded a meta-analysis. For pentoxifylline, of the 18 selected RCTs, only two could be included, both with inconclusive results. CONCLUSION: A national consensus conference, based on this review, concluded that health resources should be allocated to prevention and rehabilitation of intermittent claudication rather than to reimbursement of these products with doubtful efficacy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Systematic review: the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome.

AIM: To systematically review the literature evaluating hypnotherapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PsycINFO, CISCOM, TRIP and the Social Science Citation index), bibliographic references scanned and main authors contacted. No restrictions were placed on language or publication year. Eligible studies involved adults with IBS using single-component hypnotherapy. All studies, except single case or expert opinion, were sought and all patient-related outcomes eligible. RESULTS: Out of 299 unique references identified, 20 studies (18 trials of which four were randomized, two controlled and 12 uncontrolled) and two case series were eligible. These tended to demonstrate hypnotherapy as being effective in the management of IBS. Numbers of patients included were small. Only one trial scored more than four out of eight on internal validity. CONCLUSION: The published evidence suggests that hypnotherapy is effective in the management of IBS. Over half of the trials (10 of 18) indicated a significant benefit. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of high internal validity is necessary to establish the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the management of IBS. Until such a trial is undertaken, this form of treatment should be restricted to specialist centres caring for the more severe forms of the disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Alcoholism and suicidal behavior: a clinical overview.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to provide a clinical review of the literature on the relation of alcoholism to suicidal behavior. METHOD: Studies of alcoholism and suicidal behavior available in MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information Databases (Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were identified and reviewed. RESULTS: Alcoholism is associated with a considerable risk of suicidal behavior. Individuals with alcoholism who attempt or complete suicide are characterized by major depressive episodes, stressful life events, particularly interpersonal difficulties, poor social support, living alone, high aggression/impulsivity, negative affect, hopelessness, severe alcoholism, comorbid substance, especially cocaine abuse, serious medical illness, suicidal communication, and prior suicidal behavior. Partner-relationship disruptions are strongly associated with suicidal behavior in individuals with alcoholism. CONCLUSION: All individuals with alcoholism should receive a suicide risk assessment based on known risk factors.

Acamprosate↗
PubMed2006

Maternal position during the first stage of labor: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Policy makers and health professionals are progressively using evidence-based rationale to guide their decisions. There has long been controversy regarding which maternal position is more appropriate during the first stage of labor. This problem has been examined often and repeatedly and the optimal recommendation remains unclear. METHODS: This is a systematic review of the effect of maternal position during the first stage of labor. The main question addressed here is: Does encouraging women to adopt an upright position or to ambulate during the first stage of labor reduce the duration of this stage? All randomized controlled trials carried out to assess this effect were taken into consideration in this review. The following electronic databases were accessed to identify studies: MEDLINE, Popline, the Scientific Electronic Library On-line and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information. Citation eligibility was independently assessed by two reviewers. The methodological quality of each trial was also evaluated independently by two reviewers and a trial under consideration was included only when consensus had been attained. Allocation concealment and screening for the occurrence of attrition, performance and detection biases were considered when studies were appraised. The decision whether to perform data pooling was based on the clinical similarity of studies. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 260 citations, of which 18 were assessed in full-text. Nine eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. Randomization methods were not fully described in eight studies. The allocation concealment was considered adequate in four studies and unclear in five. The investigators pooled the data from seven studies in which the length of the first stage of labor and results were in favor of the intervention, but the high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 88.4%) impaired the meaning of this finding. The intervention did not affect other outcomes studied (mode of delivery, use of analgesia, labor augmentation and condition of the child at birth). CONCLUSION: Adoption of the upright position or ambulation during first stage of labor may be safe, but considering the available evidence and its consistency, it cannot be recommended as an effective intervention to reduce duration of the first stage of labor.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Scopus database: a review.

The Scopus database provides access to STM journal articles and the references included in those articles, allowing the searcher to search both forward and backward in time. The database can be used for collection development as well as for research. This review provides information on the key points of the database and compares it to Web of Science. Neither database is inclusive, but complements each other. If a library can only afford one, choice must be based in institutional needs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Disparities in HbA1c levels between African-American and non-Hispanic white adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Among individuals with diabetes, a comparison of HbA(1c) (A1C) levels between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites was evaluated. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, the Combined Health Information Database, and the Education Resources Information Center. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We executed a search for articles published between 1993 and 2005. Data on sample size, age, sex, A1C, geographical location, and study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were included. Diabetic subjects aged <18 years and those with pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the difference in the mean values of A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. RESULTS: A total of 391 studies were reviewed, of which 78 contained A1C data. Eleven had data on A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites and met selection criteria. A meta-analysis revealed the standard effect to be 0.31 (95% CI 0.39-0.25). This standard effect correlates to an A1C difference between groups of approximately 0.65%, indicating a higher A1C across studies for African Americans. Grouping studies by study type (cross-sectional or cohort), method of data collection for A1C (chart review or blood draw), and insurance status (managed care or nonmanaged care) showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The higher A1C observed in this meta-analysis among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites may contribute to disparity in diabetes morbidity and mortality in this population.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Greening healthcare: practicing as if the natural environment really mattered.

OBJECTIVE: The natural world's role in human well-being is an essential, yet often forgotten, aspect of healthcare. Of particular importance are the benefits one can derive through interaction with natural environments. While health is an obvious goal of allopathic medicine, many healthcare settings are neither nurturing nor healing. Reincorporating the natural world into the design of settings in which medicine is practiced is one way to complement conventional healing modalities and move healthcare toward being more "green." This article discusses the breadth of existing knowledge available on the positive aspects of interaction with nature and provides a comprehensive theoretical perspective for future research. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches were conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Social and Scientific Science Indices, Dissertation Abstracts, Lexus-Nexus, the University of Michigan library, and the Internet. Searches were conducted from June 2001 through March 2002. STUDY SELECTION: Keywords used included health, well-being stress, attention, nature, garden, landscape, restorative, and healing. The literature, published between 1960 and 2001, came from various disciplines, including medicine, public health, nursing psychology, natural resources, history, and landscape architecture. Four components of well-being were used as a framework for literature selection: physical psychological-emotional social, and spiritual. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were qualitatively reviewed to extract theories, hypotheses, and experimental evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Interaction with nature positively affects multiple dimensions of human health. Physiological effects of stress on the autonomic nervous system are lessened. Psychologically, deficits in attention can be restored or minimized, and people report feeling greater satisfaction with a variety of aspects of life. The presence of the natural world promotes social health by encouraging positive social interaction and lessening the frequency of aggressive behavior. Spiritual well-being is enhanced through the experience of greater interconnectedness, which occurs when interacting with the natural world. CONCLUSIONS: The literature reviewed provides evidence to support the intuitive belief that interaction with the natural world is a vital part of biopsychosocial-spiritual well-being. Incorporating the natural world into healthcare could provide health benefits and improve the design of healthcare facilities. Applied more broadly to society, this knowledge may change the way we approach public health, guard and manage natural resources, and design environments for human use.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1992

Keeping community college faculty current in physiology through utilization of health science center expertise.

The maintenance of current knowledge in physiology in community colleges is very difficult to accomplish. The absence of a research environment, limited library facilities, and heavy teaching loads often result in the instructor utilizing the teaching textbook as the primary source of information. A cooperative program between The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and San Antonio Community College has been developed in which the Health Science Center faculty present updated seminars in physiology topics for the community college faculty. This program has been in existence for three years and has proved to be very effective in improving the quality of the physiology curriculum at the community college.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

The telemedicine information exchange: an online resource.

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications to provide health care services at a distance. It has grown from mostly government-subsidized research initiatives into a fledgling industry. This growth was fueled by decreasing costs of telecommunications and information technologies and fanned by rising health care costs. The telemedicine information exchange (TIE) (http:(/)/tie.telemed.org), developed by the Telemedicine Research Center in Portland, OR, is both a product and a vehicle of this rapid growth. It facilitates collection of telemedicine information from many sources, providing an easy-to-use hypertext format. This article describes the TIE's development, advantages and disadvantages of a web-based online library, and it's codevelopment with a rapidly expanding industry.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Novel strategies for solid-phase construction of small-molecule combinatorial libraries.

During the past decade we witnessed a rapid advance in the new field of chemical science, combinatorial chemistry. The pharmaceutical industries invested heavily in accelerating the development of this new technology. As a result, it has become an extremely important tool in lead identification and optimization in current pharmaceutical research. It also quickly crossed the boundaries of the original chemical discipline and demonstrated great potential in many other important areas, such as searching for novel and highly efficient catalysts and superconductive material. Researchers from both academic and industrial laboratories have directed great effort towards the development of novel strategies for combinatorial synthesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration.

BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that antioxidants may prevent cellular damage in the retina by reacting with free radicals produced in the process of light absorption. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to assess the effects of antioxidant vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on the progression of age-related macular degeneration. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group specialised registered, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register - Central, MEDLINE, the Science Citation Index, and the reference lists of relevant articles were searched. Investigators of included studies were contacted. The most recent searches were performed in December 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials comparing an antioxidant vitamin and/or mineral supplement (alone or in combination) to control in people with age-related macular degeneration were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The reviewer extracted data and assessed trial quality. Due to the small number of trials identified, and variable methods of collecting and presenting outcome data, no statistical summary measure was calculated. MAIN RESULTS: Four published, two unpublished and two ongoing trials were identified. Published trials to date have been small and results inconsistent. Adverse effects and quality of life for people with age-related macular degeneration have not been addressed. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The question as to whether people with age-related macular degeneration should take antioxidant vitamin or mineral supplements to prevent progression of the disease has not been answered by research to date. The results of ongoing trials are awaited.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2002

[The Lancisiana library as a resource for the transmission of medical culture].

The Lancisiana Library was founded in the years 1711-1714 by Giovanni Maria Lancisi. Housed in the S. Spirito Hospital in Rome, its very structure and organization mirrors the scientific and medical culture of its founder. Lancisi meant to offer to the young apprentice, either physician or surgeon, the means foa a rational medical education, based on "plenty of patients" and a good choice of books. The comparison between the Library and some of Lancisi's works show his ideas about the relationship between the sciences - chemistry, natural history, mathematics and mechanics - and medicine, as well as the close relationship between medicine and surgery.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1988

Informatics and education in the health professions.

Informatics, the applied use of information science, is undergoing definition and development in the health professions with the encouragement of the National Library of Medicine and other professional organizations. Medical informatics and disciplinary subsets such as nursing and dental informatics look to optimize a growing range of applications ranging from video-disks to expert systems. Recommendations call for the integration of informatics into the education of health care professionals. Academic health sciences centers are developing informatics programs; the University of Maryland Campus for the Professions has convened a task force and a national advisory board on informatics.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1974

Special programs in medical library education, 1957-1971: part III.The trainees.

This report describes the personal characteristics of the former trainees and their opinions about their training program experiences. More of the degree program trainees were under thirty (71%) than was the case with the internship program trainees (45%). The male-female ratio for each of the two groups is approximately 1:4. Approximately 60% of the degree program trainees entered their training with majors in the natural or health sciences, while less than 50% of the total group hold degrees in the natural or health sciences. Slightly less than 60% of the total group of trainees were employed in medical libraries in 1971. However, 68.5% of the internship program trainees as compared to 46.0% of the degree program trainees held positions in medical libraries. The reasons cited most often for leaving medical librarianship were the lack of available positions and student status. The major reasons indicated by the former trainees for entering the medical library education programs were an interest in the biomedical subject fields, the availability of funds, and the desire to gain experience. The reactions of the former trainees to their training program experiences were favorable.

Adult↗