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PubMed1984

[Preliminary clinical studies with a new non-ionic contrast medium (Iopamidol) in intravenous pyelography].

The non-ionic and low-osmotic pressure contrast media Iopamilon 370 was used on 20 outpatients who had not been found to have abnormal renal function. The results were compared with those obtained with Urographin (76%), currently used at our department, on 13 of the 20 patients. The nephrograms and renal pelvis obtained using Iopamilon 370 tended to have a clearer contrast than those obtained with Urographin. No side effects were produced.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advantages of non-ionic contrast media in vascular applications.

The use of non-ionic contrast media for vascular applications is currently under investigation. Initial studies in the United States have demonstrated non-ionic contrast media have several advantages when compared to conventional ionic contrast media. A comparison of the ionic and non-ionic contrast media, including their physiologic effects, is presented to familiarize the radiologic technologist with this new product.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

[Venous digital subtraction arteriography of the pelvic and leg area with step displacement].

By combining a 40 cm image amplifier, a DSA equipment, and the technique of step displacement, it became possible to demonstrate transvenously the arterial flow, beginning with the descent of the tibia, in four stages, using only two series of examinations. Venous digital subtraction arteriography of the pelvis/leg region was performed in 140 patients. The results were compared partly with arterial digital and analogue arteriographies as well as with surgical findings.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iopamidol vs. metrizamide myelography: clinical comparison of side effects.

One hundred myelographies with iopamidol and 100 with metrizamide were performed in order to compare the side effects of the two contrast media after injection into the spinal subarachnoid space. All patients were observed for a follow-up period of at least 4 days. The most frequently observed side effect, headache, was more common, of longer duration, and more severe with the use of metrizamide than with iopamidol. Only neck pain was more common with iopamidol. More severe side effects such as meningeal irritation, psychoorganic syndrome, and epileptic seizures occurred only with metrizamide. The results seem to indicate a lower neurotoxicity and better patient tolerance for iopamidol than for metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical comparison of metrizamide and iopamidol for myelography.

A double-blind parallel comparison of iopamidol and metrizamide for myelography was performed in 36 patients. Sixteen adverse reactions were noted in 10 patients who received metrizamide. Six adverse reactions were reported in five patients who received iopamidol. There was no appreciable difference in the radiographic opacification.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of radiographic quality and adverse reactions in myelography with iopamidol and metrizamide.

A randomized double-blind study was conducted to compare the radiographic quality and adverse reactions in myelography of the two nonionic water-soluble contrast media, iopamidol and metrizamide. A total of 46 myelograms were obtained, 28 with iopamidol and 18 with metrizamide. Untoward reactions consisted of nausea, headaches, back and leg pain, neuropsychiatric findings, and urinary retention. Iopamidol caused no reactions in 20 of the 28 cases, while metrizamide caused no reactions in only three of 18 cases. Film quality evaluation showed 22 of the 28 studies with iopamidol were judged excellent, whereas only 11 of the 18 metrizamide studies were judged excellent. The results of this study suggest that iopamidol produces better quality studies with fewer and milder adverse reactions than metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with iopamidol for myelography.

Within 20 months 145 ascending thoracocervical myelographies and 155 lumbar myelographies with the nonionic water-soluble contrast medium iopamidol were performed. The iodine concentration given was 250 mg I/ml or 200 mg I/ml respectively. The total iodine never exceeded 2.5 g (8-10 ml). Image quality was assessed in terms of diagnostic value having experience of more than 1,000 myelographies using metrizamide. Picture quality was similar to metrizamide of equal iodine concentration. In 35 patients electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before and after myelography with iopamidol 250. No changes that could be referred to the contrast medium were seen. There were no adverse reactions to lumbar myelography other than those following the lumbar puncture. In thoracocervical myelography mild and transient side effects occurred in 41 (28.3%). The most common were headache (41 cases), nausea (12), radicular pain (10), and dizziness (five). General seizures and psychopathologic symptoms were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iotrol, a new myelographic agent: 1. Radiography, CT, CSF clearance, and brain penetration.

Four new myelographic agents, metrizamide, iopamidol, iohexol, and iotrol, were studied in the subarachnoid space of cynomolgus monkeys. Plain films and computed tomographic scans documented the transport of each material throughout the space and into the brain. At the concentration used (300 mg I/ml), all gave good radiopacity for myelography and delineation of the cerebral subarachnoid space. All four cleared similarly from the ventricular system. Metrizamide, however, penetrated the brain in greater degree and persisted longer than the other three agents. Next in persistence was iopamidol and least, and both statistically equal, iotrol and iohexol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iotrol, a new myelographic agent: 2. Comparative electroencephalographic evaluation by spectrum analysis.

Iotrol, a nonionic dimer isotonic with cerebrospinal fluid at 300 mg l/ml, was evaluated against metrizamide, iopamidol, and iohexol by electroencephalography (EEG) in nonanesthetized cynomolgus monkeys. Each of four monkeys was injected intrathecally with 0.5 ml/kg of 300 mg l/ml of each contrast medium. EEG was obtained before, 45 min, and 3 hr postinjection. EEG spikes, motor disturbances, convulsions, and behavior changes were observed. The EEG from C3 channel was also computer-analyzed. Average percentage differences between control and test energy content of the entire EEG and of the EEG spectrum subdivided into five frequency bands were calculated. With metrizamide, three animals suffered seizures, and all were lethargic and irritable. With iopamidol, two animals convulsed; all animals were lethargic. Transient apathy and motor disturbances were observed in the iohexol animals. No motor or behavior changes were produced by iotrol. Metrizamide and iopamidol increased the spectrum energy in all bands. Neither iohexol nor iotrol affected the EEG significantly. On the basis of these findings, iotrol holds promise as a clinical contrast material for the subarachnoid space.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacochemical profile of iopromide.

Iopromide (Schering, Berlin) is a new nonionic, monomeric contrast medium containing three different substituents on the triiodinated benzene ring. Iopromide exhibits low osmolality and viscosity in aqueous solutions of high concentrations. It has been shown to have a remarkably low intravenous toxicity in mice and rats. Neural tolerance was found to be equal to or better than that of metrizamide when injected in rats intracisternally and intracerebrally, respectively. The effects of iopromide after selective peripheral and cerebral arterial injections in rats were demonstrated to be very moderate at high dosages. The interaction of iopromide with proteins and membranes was found to be considerably low due to its hydrophilicity. Excretion of iopromide is fast and predominantly by the renal route. On the basis of the preclinical profile iopromide is a very promising contrast agent, being most suitable for all angiographic indications, including digital subtraction angiography, urography, and computed tomography.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iopamidol and metrizamide in cervical myelography: side effects, EEG, and CSF changes.

Two nonionic contrast media, iopamidol and metrizamide (Amipaque), were used for cervical myelography (C1-C2 puncture) in 95 consecutive patients. Both contrast media gave excellent radiographic results. Headache and vagal symptoms were similar in both groups, whereas metrizamide produced more electroencephalographic changes and epileptic seizures. Meningeal irritation occurred in both groups and was severe in three cases. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein and cellular changes of inflammatory type in both groups. Iopamidol is considered to be the more suitable contrast medium for cervical myelography despite its slight neurotoxicity.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myelography with lopamidol.

Two hundred patients who underwent myelography with iopamidol were independently assessed as to film quality and adverse side effects. Comparison was made with a similarly assessed group of 1,000 patients who underwent myelography with metrizamide. Diagnostic quality was generally excellent with both contrast media. The incidence of side effects, notably vomiting and headache, was significantly less with iopamidol but remains appreciable. More severe side effects may occasionally occur with either contrast medium.

Contrast Media↗