Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assisted reproduction and artificial insemination and genetic manipulation in the Criminal Code of the Federal District, Mexico].

The article that one presents has for purpose outline and comment on the recent modifications to the Penal Code for the Federal District of México which establish, for the first time, crimes related to the artificial procreation and to the genetic manipulation. Also one refers to the interaction of the new legal texts with the sanitary legislation of the country. Since it will be stated in some cases they present confrontations between the penal and the sanitary reglamentation and some points related to the legality or unlawfulness of a conduct that stayed without the enough development. These lacks will complicate the application of the new rules of the Penal Code of the Federal District.

Genetic Engineering↗
PubMed2001

Sperm chromatin structure assay of bulls qualified for artificial insemination.

The goal of our study was to find the relationship between fertility of bulls qualified for AI and the percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin structure as an independent parameter. We used the frozen semen of 8 mature bulls from one AI center. Each bull was represented by 3 ejaculates collected with at least 2-week intervals. Bull fertility was calculated on the basis of non-return ratio and was expressed as a scale where 100 points represented the average fertility of all the AI center's bulls. Bulls with lower or higher fertility received a lower or higher score respectively. Fertility scores of bulls used in the study ranged from 83 to 104 . Semen was processed according to the SCSA (sperm chromatin structure assay) method and was analyzed by flow cytometry. "Artificial" alpha(t) (alpha(t)=red/green+red fluorescence) and red fluorescence histograms were used for calculation of COMPalpha(t), SDalpha(t), %Red, %PeakR and MeanR parameters. The percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin ranged from 1.2% to 23.8%. A large variation among ejaculates was found for bulls with lower fertility. Fertility correlated significantly with COMPalpha(t) (-0.50, P < 0.05), SDalpha(t) (-0.55, P < 0.01), %Red (-0.53, P < 0.01), %PeakR (-0.58, P < 0.01) and MeanR (-0.45, P < 0.05). The SCSA method has a practical application in analyzing spermatogenesis disorders in bulls. If regularly applied, it allows us to identify and eliminate ejaculates with a high level of sperm chromatin abnormalities.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1999

[Intra-uterine insemination].

Artificial insemination has been proposed for a number of years in the treatment of unexplained or male factors related to infertility with very low results. In recent years, the association of intra-uterine insemination with gonadotropin ovulation induction has demonstrated its effectiveness and it is now the first treatment to propose in these cases before in vitro fertilization.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Practical aspects of banking patient's semen for future artificial insemination.

The necessary information is provided for the urologist to answer the question, "Doctor, can I freeze my semen before surgery and use it later to impregnate my wife?" A listing of all semen banks presently storing homologous semen and registered with the American Association of Tissue Banks is presented. The methods used, ancillary tests that are done or recommended, and costs are provided. The logistics of arranging for deposits and withdrawals are also discussed.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1981

Luteolysis and cycle synchronization with a new prostaglandin analog for artificial insemination in the mare.

Over a period of three years, 165 cyclic or anestrous Hanoverian mares received 177 treatments with 2, 3 or 4 mg of a novel luteolytic prostaglandin analog, K 11941. Heat and ovulations, indicating luteolysis, were observed after an average of 3.98 and 7.62 days, respectively, in 88.04% of 142 treated cyclic, postpartum and anestrous mares, and mares after an early loss of the conceptus. All doses tested were effective in inducing luteolysis as confirmed by determination of progesterone blood levels in samples collected daily, in 70 of 80 mares studied (87.5%). Attempts to achieve control of the cycle by various methods revealed that with K 11941 given once or twice, alone or in combination with hCG and/or an GnRH analog (Hoe 766), one can effectively concentrate estrus periods and follicular growth patterns, but can neither synchronize nor concentrate ovulations. Since most of the mares treated were confirmed problem mares, the pregnancy rate of 40.0% from first insemination at drug induced estrus, was regarded as satisfactory when compared to a pregnancy rate of 43.8% obtained with natural breeding in the same population. No drug related clinical signs of side-effects were observed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Quality of semen stored at +15 degrees/16 degrees C as related to fertility of artificially inseminated swine.

Linear correlations between swine semen quality and fertility (birth rate and number live born pigs) were studied. Doses of swine semen with 4 x 10(9) motile spermatozoa were used after being stored at +15 degrees/16 degrees C . However, mean or high correlations could not be found. Low correlations occurred between head-acrosome anomalies, total anomalies and birth rate. It is likely that the doses of semen with 4 x 10(9) motile spermatozoa were too concentrated for the fertility level in the swine breed employed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Further development of a transcervical technique for artificial insemination in sheep using previously frozen semen.

A transcervical technique (the Guelph System for transcervical AI) was used to inseminate 2060 ewes on 65 farms (average 31 ewes, range 5 to 107) in Ontario, Canada, from October 1990 to September 1992, using previously frozen semen. Estrus was synchronized using progestagen pessaries and PMSG with median inseminations done at 54 h from pessary removal. Maiden ewes were not included. Only ewes in which the cervix could be penetrated were inseminated with 150 million spermatozoa per insemination. A total of 1809 were penetrated and inseminated (penetration rate 87.8%). Success of penetration increased from 76.3% in the first 500 ewes to 97.9% in the last 500 (P=0.01). Cervical penetration was more successful in ewes in the accelerated lambing program (92.3%, average 3.1 mo since the previous lambing) than those in the annual lambing program (82.4%, average 7.0 mo since the previous lambing; P=0.06). The lambing rate for ewes bred during the combined traditional breeding seasons (Fall of 1990, 1991, 1992) was 50.7% compared to 24.4% for ewes bred at other periods (P=0.00001). The average time required for handling and insemination decreased from 8.62 min in the first 500 ewes to 3.62 min in the last 500 ewes. The Guelph System for Transcervical AI was found to be successful for cervical penetration in most ewes. Penetration success was affected by period since the last lambing and by inseminator experience. The lambing rate was higher for ewes bred during the traditional Fall breeding seasons than during other times of the year.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Effect of clitoral stimulation after artificial insemination on conception in Zebu-crossbred heifers in the tropics.

In order to increase conception rates to AI, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of clitoral stimulation on pregnancy rate. Seven hundred and thirty-five Zebu-cross heifers were assigned to either of the following treatments: 1) control without clitoral stimulation (n=351) or 2) clitoral stimulation after IA (n=384). The data were analyzed using a linear model procedure. Clitoral stimulation increased pregnancy rates (57 vs 45 % for treated and control groups, respectively; P<0.02). Holstein x Zebu and Brown Swiss x Zebu heifers attained similar rates (P>0.05). There was a significant treatment-by-season interaction (P<0.01), with pregnancy rates being higher using clitoral massage during the rainy season (54.7 and 25.5% for the treated and control group respectively). In this study, manual clitoral stimulation increased conception rates in Zebu cross heifers under tropical conditions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Breeding soundness and libido examination of Belgian Blue and Holstein Friesian artificial insemination bulls in Belgium and The Netherlands.

Data on breeding soundness and libido evaluations in Belgian Blue (BB) bulls are scarce. The present study compared results of breeding soundness and libido evaluations of young BB bulls to young Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls prior to acceptance into an AI program. Breed differences for breeding soundness exist between BB and HF bulls, as 93.7% of the young BB bulls failed the breeding soundness examination (BSE) compared to 59.3% of the HF bulls (P=0.0005). Within the BB breed, differences were present between bulls of different ages, and bull selection for better fertility with increasing age apparently influenced the results. The number of reasons for which bulls failed the test differed between the age groups in the BB breed, whereas a tendency for more failure reasons in the BB breed was noticed in the breed comparison. The most important reasons for failure were sperm morphology and scrotal circumference (SC), but far more BB bulls failed for these traits compared to the HF breed (82.8% versus 56.0% and 43.8% versus 17.6% in the BB and the HF breed for sperm morphology (P=0.0005) and SC (P<0.0001), respectively). The high proportion of BB bulls with a substandard SC and poor sperm morphology might suggest an increased prevalence of testicular hypoplasia or degeneration within this breed. Concerning libido, the reaction time did not differ either between breeds or between age groups within the BB breed, whereas mounting enthusiasm, although not different between the two breeds, did decline with increasing age, probably due to the greater mating experience of the older bulls. All in all, libido did not seem to be different between the breeds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Sperm Motility Analyzer (SMA), a practical tool of motility and cell concentration determinations in artificial insemination centers.

A description of a new instrument, which analyzed objectively sperm cell concentration and collective motility of a fresh semen sample of bull or ram, is reported. A display read-out of sperm cell concentration for an aliquot of the undiluted semen sample in the range from 200 x 10(6) to 4000 x 10(6) cell/ml with an accuracy of +/- 5% is shown immediately by optical density units. A significant correlation coefficient (0.918, p < 0.01) was obtained between these units and cell concentrations, as determined in four A.I. centers in the U.S. and Canada. The intensity of the sperm collective motility is expressed as an objective index (SMI) which was significantly correlated to the fraction of the live motile cells in the semen sample. The SMI values were corrected for a possible error originating from the difference in sperm cell concentration by an empirical equation. Due to the accuracy, repeatability and objectivity of evaluating the semen quality and also the simplicity of operation, as well as the possibility of utilizing the measured semen sample for further processing, the Sperm Motility Analyzer (SMA) seems suitable as a standard tool for semen quality control in the A.I. centers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Semen production in artificial insemination bulls in Norway.

Semen production data from 792 Norwegian Red AI bulls, of 46 sires, were analyzed. Semen production was affected by AI center, year and season of collection, number of months the bull had been collected, and sire (each P < 0.01). Heritability for produced accepted doses was estimated to be 0.34 (+/-0.13). This should allow a successful phenotypic selection for this trait. A negative correlation between number of accepted and number of discarded doses (-0.82+/-0.11) was found. Selection based on number of accepted doses per bull will therefore result in improvement of semen quality.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Does artificial insemination with chilled, extended semen reduce the antigenic challenge to the mare's uterus compared with natural service?

Uterine response in infection-resistant mares (n = 5) at 48 h after AI was compared with that following natural service in these same mares, and after AI in infection-susceptible mares (n = 6). In the resistant mares, small amounts of uterine fluid were detected and bacteria were isolated infrequently at 48 h after breeding, but cytological examination of uterine flushes revealed that a significant degree of endometritis was present. There was no difference in the degree of inflammatory response by 48 h after AI or natural mating. In 4 of the 6 susceptible mares moderate to large accumulations of intrauterine fluid were detected at 48 h after AI, and massive uterine neutrophilia was present in all 6 mares. It was concluded that there was no evidence that using conventional AI techniques limited the inflammatory response of the mare's uterus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Relationships among frozen-thawed sperm characteristics assessed via the routine semen analysis, sperm functional tests and fertility of bulls in an artificial insemination program.

Frozen semen specimens from 22 Holstein bulls representing a wide range of field fertility levels or nonreturn rates (NRR) were used in this study. Semen specimens were thawed at 37 degrees C for a minimum of 30 sec, followed by assessment via a routine semen analysis (RSA) and other sperm functional tests. The RSA was performed by assessing sperm count, motility and morphological characteristics. Other sperm functional tests were performed by assessing the acrosomal membrane integrity, sperm penetration into the cervical mucus and the sperm membrane functional integrity. Following assessment of sperm characteristics, the fertility data of the various bulls were compared to the RSA and the functional tests results. Bulls of high and low fertility were similar in terms of sperm count and progressive motility (P > 0.05). Other characteristics measured by the RSA and functional tests were significantly higher in high fertility bulls (P < 0.05). Correlation coefficients among the various sperm characteristics and fertility of bulls were highly significant (P < 0.01). The highest correlation coefficients between sperm characteristics and fertility were obtained for motility (r = 0.53; P < 0.01), normal morphology (r = 0.59; P < 0.01) and swollen spermatozoa (r = 0.57; P < 0.01). Analysis of specific sperm swelling patterns showed that those patterns considered to reflect maximal sperm swelling were indicative of high fertility.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The potential transmission of infectious agents by semen packaging during storage for artificial insemination.

Plastic straws, of a type widely used for semen cryopreservation, sealed using three different methods, (PVA powder, plastic spheres and plasticine modelling clay) were tested for leakage of low molecular weight dye (methylene blue), bacteria (Escherichia coli) and virus (Newcastle disease virus). Leakage was found to be dependent on the method used to fill the straws. Straws filled using a traditional 'dip and wipe' method and sealed with PVA powder demonstrated a significant degree of methylene blue leakage (0.0269% of the total straw contents) probably associated with contamination of the powder sealing plug. Straws filled using an aseptic filling technique showed no detectable leakage of any agent with any of the sealing methods. This study highlights the need to establish good-practice guidelines for the packaging of semen collected for freezing and future AI from non-domestic livestock where disease-free status cannot be guaranteed and unsophisticated technology is used.

Animals↗