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PubMed1989

[Follow-up of children screened at 4 years of age through school age with particular attention the evaluation of speech function].

The object of this follow-up investigation was to assess the effect of screening investigation of children at the age of four years, with particular attention to hearing, speech and language functions. This screening was carried out by specially trained health visitors and 119 children (61 boys and 58 girls) participated. This corresponded to 87.5% of the selected population. In the cases in which they could be traced, the parents of these children received a questionnaire approximately six years later. Questions were asked about the work of the health visitors at the four-year screening and the present school situation of the child. 65% of the parents replied to this questionnaire. Three questionnaires were sent to the children's schools (when these were known): one to the school health nurse with questions about the results of testing of sight and hearing and whether the child had presented problems or signs of illness, another to the Danish teacher about the child's speech development and fine motor function and whether remedial teaching had proved necessary and a third questionnaire to the gymnastic teacher about motor development and coordination. Information was obtained from the schools about 81% of children. In addition, information was collected from the school psychological office and the speech institute in all of the cases where the children had been involved with these institutions. The material obtained was found to be reasonably representative as regards problems of hearing, speech and language. At the age of four years, a definite connection was found between poor motor function and poor speech function and boys tended to show poorer speech function than girls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acupuncture in the combined treatment of patients with unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve].

Fourteen patients with unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve underwent a combined therapy which included acupuncture, phonopedics, respiratory muscle gymnastics, prozerin administration by means of sinusoidal modulated currents, and intramuscular injection of B1 and B6 vitamins. Before and after treatment the vocal function was assessed using indirect laryngoscopy, laryngostroboscopy, larynx tomography and thermography, larynx endophotography, voice tape recording, and maximum phonation time measurement. The combined treatment yielded good results in all patients in terms of the recovery of their vocal function. In 11 patients the recovery was reached within 2-3 weeks and in 3 remaining patients within 2-3 months. It is maintained that the recovery was expedited due to the beneficial effect of acupuncture and phonopedics.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

[Current methods of pathogenetic therapy of infectious-allergic polyradiculoneuritis].

This is a survey of the experience in using corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, immunodepressants, hyperbaric oxygenation, laser and magnetotherapy in treating the infectious-allergic Guillain-Barre polyradiculoneuritis. The indications and counter-indications to individual techniques are presented as related to the character and course of the disease. The principles of interrelation of these techniques with other drug and physical therapies are discussed. The authors infer that combination of plasmapheresis with corticosteroids is the best for acute polyradiculoneuritis and prolonged use of maintenance doses of corticosteroids and immunodepressants, physical methods and gymnastics are recommended for chronic polyradiculoneuritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Somatotypes of premenarcheal athletes and non-athletes.

One-hundred thirty-four premenarcheal girls between the ages of 7 and 15 years were somatotyped according to the Health-Carter technique. Sexual maturation was determined by self-assessed Tanner stages. Statistical analysis was completed on 50 athletes (representing seven sports) and 29 non-athletes over the age of 10 years. The mean somatotype for the athletes was calculated to be 2.4-3.6-3.9 and for the non-athletes 3.7-3.7-3.6. Single component ANOVA's revealed that the athletes were significantly less endomorphic (p less than 0.01) than the non-athletes. The overall somatotype ratings and the equality of dispersion about the means were significantly different between the athletes and non-athletes. The single highest category for the athletes was mesomorph-ectomorph and for the non-athletes, mesomorphic-endomorph. Significant negative correlations were obtained between mesomorphy and breast development (-0.33, p less than 0.05) and mesomorphy and pubic hair development (-0.44, p less than 0.01) for the athletes. Significant positive correlations were obtained between endomorphy and breast development (0.55, p less than 0.01) and endomorphy and pubic hair development (0.45, p less than 0.05) for the non-athletes. The mean somatotype for the gymnasts was 2.1-3.9-3.6 and for the swimmers 2.5-3.4-4.1. These two groups were significantly different from each other on each separate component and overall somatotype, but not in equality of dispersion. The results support the conclusion that premenarcheal athletes are morphologically different from non-athletes despite their youth and from each other based on sport specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Moving and eating--two activities which age well].

The people who participate in courses and activities offered by the "Fédération Vaudoise des Ligues de la Santé" are varied both in origin and age. The aged are not absent. Physical exercise, improved nutrition, among other communal activities are the occasion for creating contacts while learning to live better. For example, gentle gymnastics classes or physiotherapy in water allow persons suffering from articular diseases to minimize the negative effects due to inactivity, bad habits, and general aging. Nutrition is an important issue for the elderly as frequently their relationship to food changes; diminished appetite, difficulty chewing and digestive problems. A dietician provides instruction and advice on balanced meals adapted to the changing needs associated with aging. These courses, are also the opportunity for immediate and future contacts which can be beneficial for those encountering difficulty in overcoming the loss of their professional life or adapting to solitude after retirement or widowhood.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Leisure activities and sports in younger pacemaker patients].

Based on a semistructured questionnaire the consequences of pacemaker treatment on leisure activities in 81 patients aged 20 to 60 years were investigated. At follow up after an average of 33.8 months, 36 of the 72 survivors participated in the following out-of-the-home physical activities: Badminton (3), bicycle-riding (6), firefighting (1), fishing (3), golf (2), gymnastics (3), handball (1), hunting (4), riding (1), running/jogging (4), sailing (5), shooting (2), skiing (3), soccer (5), swimming (1), theatre (1), chorus (1), and tennis (2). No significant changes in the levels of activity before and after pacemaker implantation were observed. Twenty of the patients did not feel the pacemaker had affected their levels of physical activity while ten patients experienced improvement in their physical capacities. Six patients felt that the pleasure in performing their favourite sport was restricted mainly due to fear of damaging the battery. Fifteen patients (21%) were members of sport clubs. These results imply that several leisure activities are available for pacemaker patients. In case a particular sport is of interest, this should be taken into account when the sitting of the pacemaker battery is decided.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Occupational biomechanics of athletes and dancers: a comparative approach.

Muscle strains represent more than a third of all injuries in both dancers and athletes. Although often overlooked, anatomic variations play an important role in the etiology of these injuries, as does strength imbalance between agonists and antagonists. The incidence of spondylolysis is unusually high in ballet dancers and certain athletic groups, such as gymnasts, javelin throwers, and weight-lifters. Mechanical factors play a major role and can be exacerbated by congenital abnormalities. Various permanent adaptive musculoskeletal changes have been described both in dancers and athletes, especially those that start at a very young age. Task-related adaptive changes can also be seen in isokinetic strength measurements of various muscle groups, such as the spine muscles of Flamenco dancers. Shoes and floor surfaces can be directly responsible in part or in whole for many sports and dance injuries. "Vibration-pressure" diagrams are suggested as an objective way to document their effect on biomechanical behavior.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1986

[Kinesitherapy in lumbago].

Since most back pain syndromes are due to excessive and long-lasting incorrect postures, we think that such illness may benefit from kinesiotherapy. There must be considered 2 types of back pain: disc pain and static pain. We advise to patients various self control techniques and muscle potentiating gymnastics. Besides these techniques, other adjuvant therapies may be prescribed.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1988

[Sports and coronary heart disease].

The effectivity of an endurance physical training must not be ignored any longer as it is known that physical activity as well in the job as in the leisure time diminishes the risk of coronary artery disease and their consequences. The training should be put through according to the vigorous exercise training with 70 to 80% of the maximal work load in a dynamic work continuously for at least 10 minutes. The optimum duration appears to be about 30 to 40 minutes a day, repeated 3 to 4 times weekly. The best sports for coronary patients are jogging, cycling or bicycle ergometry, country cross skiing, walking in the mountains as well as at diminished performance capacity, gymnastic, walking, golf and with some restrictions swimming.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of limited mobility on vestibular function].

The hypokinetic effect on the nystagmic reaction and illusory sensations upon caloric and galvanic stimulations of the labyrinths was studied on six test subjects (professional gymnasts). Under normal conditions the sportsmen predominantly showed the nystagmic response to the caloric irritation of the left labyrinth. A 10-day hypokinetic exposure produced a noticeable decrease of the above asymmetric nystagmic reaction to the caloric irritation of both labyrinths. Simultaneously an enhancement of illusory sensations and a decrease of their thresholds in response to the firect current labyrinthine stimulation were noted. The above changes can be attributed to the hypokinesia-induced decline of mechanisms of vestibular adaptation of sportsmen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mechanical back pain in the athlete.

Effective management of mechanical back pain in the athlete requires an understanding of the significance of the nature and the location of the pain and which injuries are related to the age or sport of the athlete. Muscle strains and interspinous ligament sprains occur at any age and in all sports. However, the adolescent may have an iliac crest apophysitis rather than a muscle strain, and the gymnast or diver may have interspinous process bursitis or a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis rather than a ligament sprain. Similarly, the swimmer with upper thoracic pain, training in the butterfly stroke, may have Scheuermann's kyphosis, while the weight lifter with upper lumbar pain may have Scheuermann's changes in the lumbar spine. Athletes of all ages with persistent midline lumbar pain may have a disk injury or chronic instability because of a fracture of the vertebral body or posterior elements. If the physician performs the pertinent physical tests described and obtains the appropriate radiographic studies listed, correct diagnosis of the most common causes of mechanical back pain in the athlete will be assured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Juvenile obesity and fitness for military service].

In a prospective-catamnestic study among 21,978 19-20-year-old Swiss males at the time of military recruitment, a total of 412 (2.6%) obese young men were registered during the years of 1979-1981 for medical follow-up. They were matched for comparison with a group of 318 normal weight controls and studied for discharge rate from military service as well as rate and type of medical problems. After median follow-up of 3 years (basic military training and at least 1 annual repetition course) the obese group showed a discharge rate of 9% (37/412), 3.6 times higher than the normal weight group (2.5%, 8/318; p less than 0.001). There was no correlation between the extent of overweight and discharge rate within the obese group of young males. However, considerable differences for discharge rates showed up between military incorporations/functions (with values for the normal weight group in parenthesis). "Low-risk" incorporation subgroups for obese servicemen were: kitchen/logistics 2.7% (11.5%) and drivers 5.2% (2.6%), possibly due to overlap of professional and military functions. "High-risk" incorporation subgroups for obese servicemen were: medical corps/air defense 14.8% (0%) and artillery/technical functions 14.1% (2.7%), with infantry 7.8% (2.7%) in an intermediate position. The result of the gymnastic training test at military recruitment correlated best with the discharge rate from military service. The distribution of medical reasons (diagnoses) did not differ basically between obese and normal weight young servicemen. Diseases of the spine/joints and feet with 46% (37.5%) ranked first, followed by psychological problems with 22% (37.5%) and cardiovascular and other diseases with 8% (0%). Illness was the cause of discharge from military service in 7% (29/412) of the obese group compared to 1.6% (5/318) in the normal weight group (p less than 0.001), while the respective values for accident-derived discharges (1.9% vs 0.9%) showed no statistically significant difference. Impairment of fitness for military service due to minor medical problems, as well as median days at military infirmary (1.4 vs 1.6 days) and dispensation from physical exercise (0.7% vs 0.7%), were not more frequent in the obese cohort. In nearly one third of medically discharged servicemen the relevant diagnosis was already present at military recruitment. The chances of military promotion for obese servicemen were comparable to those of their normal weight peers, at least during the time interval studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Implants for fixed and removable prostheses.

For those individuals whose oral anatomy contraindicates the use of endosteal implants, there still remains a viable alternative to conventional removable dentures. Both maxillary and mandibular implant dentures of a subperiosteal design will provide a stable implant and a retentive restorative prosthesis. The patient is free from the oral gymnastics required to manipulate such appliances and in the maxilla the dentist is able to eliminate all palatal coverage without compromising the retention of the bridge. The lower subperiosteal implant and the pterygoid extension implant discussed both obtain their stability from accurate fit of the implant substructure to the bone. The implant first becomes more retentive when the periosteum tenaciously reattaches itself to the bone and in turn secures the implant in position (Fig. 13). The restorative procedures follow sound prosthetic prinicples with particular attention on avoiding any impingement of the underlying tissue areas. Implant dentures have truly provided patients a means of exploring alternative treatment modalities other than conventional removable dentures. Literally thousands of patients today are living testimony to the accomplishments of oral implantology when pursued as an exacting science prescribed by colleagues experienced in this revolutionary dental discipline.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Precautions to be taken from the anesthesiologic point of view during venous surgery in the obese].

Certain precautions must be taken in venous surgery on the obese patient, as obesity is always accompanied by a number of particular pathological manifestations: haemodynamic disorders (breakdown of the functioning of the left ventricle and hypovolemia), or respiratory disorders (reduction of residual functional capacity and of expiratory volume of the reserve). The posture of the patient on the operating table can also exacerbate the operative risk. Prior to the operation, respiratory functional exploration and gymnastics therefore play an important role. The anaesthetic has to take account of certain considerations. After the operation, the main risk is of respiratory deficiency.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

[Differential diagnosis: physiologic-pathologic hypertrophy of the heart. A case report].

We report on a 52-year-old asymptomatic patient, whom we have examined regularly since 1981. The principal finding is a marked terminal negativity of the T-wave in the extremities and left precordial chest leads in the electrocardiogram with regression at high exercise levels. The patient engages intensively in sports (running, cross-country skiing, gymnastics). His performance capacity is above normal at 4.5 (1981) and 3.8 watts/kg body weight (1988). The echographically determined left ventricular muscle mass (LVM) increased from 2.1-2.3 g/kg body weight to 2.9 g/kg, the end-diastolic thickness of the septum from 9 to 13, and the posterior wall from 8 to 12 mm. In physiological cardiac hypertrophy (athlete's heart), a LVM of 2.9 g/kg is not unusual, whereby the end-diastolic wall thickness does not, exceed 10 to 11 mm and the mass-volume ratio (LVM/end-diastolic ventricular volume) remains constant (about 1.2 g/ml) in contrast to the 1.75 g/ml in our patient. Thermodilution catheter examination of the heart showed a pathological increase in mean pulmonary capillary pressure (26 mm Hg) under exercise as an indication of impaired left-ventricular function. Normal myocardial scintigraphy (resting and exercise) and a lack of symptoms permit the exclusion of relevant coronary heart disease. We diagnosed non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The problems of differentiating between physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophies are discussed.

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1987

Weight regulation practices in athletes: analysis of metabolic and health effects.

Athletes engage in a number of dietary and weight control practices which may influence metabolism, health, and performance. This paper reviews the literature on these factors with special emphasis on athletes who show large, frequent, and rapid fluctuations in weight (wrestlers) and athletes who maintain low weight and low percent body fat (e.g., distance runners, gymnasts, and figure skaters). A theory is presented which relates these weight patterns and the accompanying dietary habits to changes in body composition, metabolism, metabolic activity of adipose tissue, and the distribution of body fat. Changes in these physiological variables may be manifested in enhanced food efficiency (weight as a function of caloric intake) as the body seeks to protect and replenish its energy stores. This may explain the surprisingly low caloric intakes of some athletes. The health status of the athlete is a concern in this regard because there may be changes in fat distribution, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and hormonal factors associated with reproductive functioning in both females and males. Amenorrhea in female athletes may be mediated at least in part by regional fat distribution; depletion of femoral fat depots (lactational energy reserves) may be the stimulus for cessation or disruption of menses.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Trampoline-induced quadriplegia.

This review of the world's literature documenting cervical spine injuries attempts to determine common factors regarding patient characteristics, environment, injury mechanisms, and pathology. The policy statements and safety guidelines of both the American Academy of Pediatrics and athletic administrative bodies are reviewed in order to evaluate what effect, if any, these policies and guidelines have had on documented injuries. On the basis of this review, it is believed that the AAP was ill-advised in altering its position on the use of trampolines. The opinion is presented that both the trampoline and minitrampoline are dangerous devices when used in the best of circumstances, and their use has no place in recreational, educational, or competitive gymnastics.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

[Neuropsychic disorders in functional dysphonias].

A total of 110 patients with functional vocal disorders secondary to neurosis were examined. They included 50 patients with neurasthenia, 30 with hysteria, and 21 with obsessive neurosis. The pattern of vocal disorder had its own peculiarities in each form of neurosis. All patients were subjected to multiple modality treatment: drug therapy, psychotherapy, respiratory gymnastics, and phonopedics. The treatment resulted in the disappearance of neurotic symptoms, normalization of the respiratory rate, and the complete restoration of vocal function. Thus, a clinical follow up of patients with functional vocal impairments and analysis of cause-and-effect relationships prompt the conclusion that functional dysphonia is a neurotic symptom whereas laryngeal alterations are secondary to pathological voice production.

Adult↗