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PubMed2000

[Combat dogs--dangerous dogs].

The claim that the so-called "Kampfhunde" are becoming increasingly dangerous to humans has been the subject of much discussion in Germany. A critical analyses of canine breeds that have been classified as "Kampfhunde" convinces that breed is not an useful possibility for avoiding accidents with dogs: 1. Zoologically no particular breed of dog can be classified as being more dangerous than others and 2. so-called "Kampfhunde" are statistically unimportend as a vector in dog accidents. It would be more productive in the future to substitute the term "Kampfhund" with "dangerous dog" without reference to the breed and to emphasize the role of the owner in the human danger posed by a dog.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

[Dangerous dogs: application of federal regulations].

During the last years nearly in all provinces in Germany new, hotly debated rules were published in order to meet the threat dangerous dogs or so-called fighting dogs mean to animals and men. Comparing current regulations of different provinces two categories of rules can be identified: one considering particular breeds as extremely dangerous and the other defining and characterising the dangerous dog. The application of these regulations differs enormously in expenditure and procedure. Recent statistics of all registered dog-bites allow other conclusions than those which seemed to have been relevant for the elaboration of the existing legislation. This is particularly true for the breeds which are considered extremely dangerous. It seems to be more useful to use the expression dangerous dog in general. Routine application of the new regulations have, except from some cases, increased administrative input but have not improved the situation itself. Animals homes are complaining of more "fighting" dogs. The fact that it is extremely difficult to find a new owner for these dogs leads to additional animal health problems. Judgement and treatment of dogs presented to public authorities because of dog-biting has not become any easier and dogs causing severe injury are not even presented. The new regulations are not sufficiently preventive and do not really tackle the cause of the problem of dangerous dogs. The existing regulations were developed under a strong political pressure. Authorities are now calling into question the usefulness and purpose of the new legislation. In the past the problem of dangerous dogs was dealt with using general safety legislation and police regulations offering flexibility. Obviously there is an urgent need to identify countermeasures on a larger scale.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

What is the benefit of involuntary short-term psychiatric hospitalisation?

In Germany, psychiatric patients considered to be a danger to themselves or others may be detained involuntarily for 24 hours, after which the court must be consulted. Only Baden-Württemberg, of all the German states, allows for 72 hours confinement. In a study of 70 patients who were involuntarily hospitalized at a university hospital, it was found that when patients are subject to a 72 hour doctors' court hold, as compared to the 24 hour hold, the number of patients committed to treatment by the court was reduced by about 50%. This applies particularly to younger patients with addiction or neurotic disorders. Schizophrenic patients and older patients with organic brain disease were more likely to be detained on court order. Two-thirds of the patients who were involuntarily hospitalized said that they felt adequately informed about their legal rights, but only about a third felt that involuntary hospitalisation was justified.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[We rely on the common sense of young people].

The principles of the primary prophylaxis, analogous to the program "Harm Reduction", are presented. The basis for placing this work on broad footing was the rapid assessment of the situation with the use of narcotic drugs in the city (the number of users exceeded 10,000 per 238,000 inhabitants) with a tendency towards a sharp decrease of the age of the users (9-13 years). The experience of work on the training of medical personnel, directly contacting with blood and thus considered to be a risk group, taking into account risky professional behavior (potentially dangerous), was accumulated. The training activities among students of medical schools proved to be effective. They became the best volunteers and leaders among young people. Adolescents aged 14-18 years were enlisted as volunteers: they worked in different places usually attended by young people and invited drug addicts to the anonymous examination room. The role of local mass media in educating the public on of the problems of the prevention of HIV infection is discussed. As a result, the activation of the youth movement in support of the program "Anti-AIDS" and an increase in the number of people in target groups coming to the anonymous examination room are noted.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Out of harm's way.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Coping with chronic community violence: the variety and implications of women's efforts.

To date, most researchers concerned with chronic community violence have studied children, and focused on the types, extent, and effects of their violence experiences. In contrast, using a series of in-depth repeated interviews, the current study explored African American women's methods for coping with chronic community violence. This article describes the variety of ways these women developed to avoid, minimize, or manage their own and their children's encounters with community violence. It argues for the importance of using these data to inform professional intervention and suggests specific implications for practice, program development, and policy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗