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PubMed1991

Inventory control system achievement test for dietetics and foodservice management students.

The purpose of this study was to develop an inventory control system achievement test that measures cognitive achievement of students in a foodservice management information systems course. We developed a table of specifications for inventory control systems that included the following content areas: receiving, storing, issuing, inventory control, inventory valuation, and inventory control computer systems. We composed 114 test items in a multiple-choice format on the basis of the table of specifications. A sample of 105 students responded to the test; each had previously received 3 hours of instruction on inventory control systems in a foodservice management information systems course. The 50 best items, judged on the basis of item-analysis data and adherence to the table of specification, were selected for the final form of the inventory control system achievement test. The 50-item test was reliable as indicated by a Kuder-Richardson 20 value of .84. The test may be used to evaluate individual student's achievement, to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction, and to compare achievement of different groups.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1990

Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in treatment and recovery from chemical dependency.

The registered dietitian is an essential member of the treatment team for assessment and rehabilitation of nutrition needs, for development of patient treatment plans, and for planning healthy life-styles. Attention to food and nutrition intake behaviors will aid the overall goal of quality sobriety and relapse prevention. Nutrition, which includes physiological and psychosocial disciplines, is involved in every aspect of recovery. It is imperative that a qualified nutrition professional be a part of each individual's recovery and foundation for relapse prevention. Many debilitating nutritional consequences result from drug and alcohol abuse. Chronic nutrition impairment causes serious damage to the liver and brain, which reinforces the craving for more drugs and alcohol and perpetuates the psychological aspect of addiction. During treatment, efforts are concentrated on the physical recovery, providing adequate nutrition to replete and heal the brain, liver, and digestive system. Nutrition makes a difference in the rate and quality of physical recovery, which prepares individuals to function at a higher level in treatment--cognitively, mentally, and socially. Improved nutritional status can make treatment more effective, while reducing drug and alcohol craving, thereby preventing relapse. Nutrition professionals should take aggressive action to ensure involvement in treatment and recovery programs. In addition, they are encouraged to participate in nutrition research activities to strengthen the knowledge base in this area.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1990

Position of the American Dietetic Association: very-low-calorie weight loss diets.

It has been well documented that a VLCD can produce large and rapid weight loss. A number of studies using appropriate levels of high biologic value protein, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and careful monitoring have shown that the VLCD can be safe. Careful monitoring by a physician experienced in such programs and by a registered dietitian is essential. The maintenance of weight loss must be of key importance throughout the program, necessitating the skills of a multidisciplinary team with medical, nutritional, and behavioral training. It must be recognized that the VLCD is only one part of a total weight management program. The complete program is needed for long-term success. Insurance reimbursement for the services of all members of the health care team, including dietitians, facilitates and supports the multidisciplinary team approach. Potential candidates for this program and health professionals must realize that VLCDs are not for everyone and can be harmful for persons who do not meet the following selection criteria: (a) at least 30% overweight, with a minimum body mass index of 32. (b) free from contraindicated medical conditions: pregnancy or lactation, active cancer, hepatic disease, renal failure, active cardiac dysfunction, or severe psychological disturbances. (c) committed to establishing new eating and life-style behaviors that will assist the maintenance of weight loss. (d) committed to taking the time to complete both the treatment and the maintenance components of a program. Dieters must receive careful medical and nutritional monitoring throughout the program and should continue with nutrition, exercise, and behavioral counseling after cessation of the VLCD until sound eating and life-style habits can be established. The length of time an individual is on the VLCD must be carefully monitored and the VLCD discontinued immediately if medical tests and/or weight loss indicate increased health risks to the client. Finally, potential clients must be adequately warned that there are limitations and risks involved with the VLCD. A VLCD is no magic cure. It requires considerable effort and commitment on the part of both practitioners and participants to ensure the program's success.

Adult↗