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1,566 records · Page 87Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Personality factors affecting pilot combat performance: a preliminary investigation.

Reviews of the research literature have generally concluded that personality factors contribute little to pilot performance. One possible explanation for the failure to find stronger relationships may be due to the lack of appropriate taxonomies for both personality constructs and for performance constructs. The present research was designed to examine the relationship between personality and combat performance using the "Big Five" model of personality and a multi-component model of pilot combat performance. A sample of 100 USAF pilots rated the importance of 60 traits for effective performance on performance dimensions such as flying skills and crew management. The results indicated that pilots from different aircraft agreed that the personality trait of Conscientiousness was the most important determinant of performance on all performance dimensions. Implications for pilot selection are discussed.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1975

[The limits of the doctor's duty in intensive medicine (author's transl)].

The technical possibilities of intensive care, bound up with hope and torment for those treated, call for limitation of the duties of the doctor at the point where the treatment becomes mere technical brilliance and utterly pointless for the survival or subsequent life of the patient. The doctor's problem is to know when a treatment is hopeless. The only way to find out is by therapeutic trial. If the expected success is not produced within a reasonable time, then, from the point of view of the proper understanding of medical duty, it must be stopped. An attempt is made to draw up a series of degrees of intensive therapy for practical purposes. The performance of such a graded therapy, which in the last analysis consists of the stage by stage disposal of maximum possibilities of treatment, demands the capacity to think, the courage of responsibility and a great wealth of psychological and human insight.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1993

Several extracellular domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 are involved in neurite outgrowth and cell body adhesion.

The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is a multidomain protein that plays important roles in cell adhesion, migration, and neurite outgrowth. To analyze structure-function relationships of L1 in neurite outgrowth and cell body adhesion, we have expressed and purified a set of different fragments of the extracellular part of this glycoprotein in CHO cells and in Escherichia coli. When neurite outgrowth from small cerebellar neurons was measured on substrate-coated L1 or L1 fragments, neurite outgrowth was promoted by the immunoglobulin-like domains I-II, III-IV, and V-VI, and by the fibronectin type III homologous repeats 1-2, while the fibronectin type III homologous repeats 3-5 were ineffective. In contrast, cell bodies of small cerebellar neurons adhered mostly to the immunoglobulin-like domains I-II and V-VI, and to the fibronectin type III homologous repeats 3-5, but less to the immunoglobulin-like domains III-IV and fibronectin type III homologous repeats 1-2. In both assays, the neuronal cell surface receptor for all active protein fragments was identified as L1. No significant differences in functional activities were found between fragments with and without carbohydrate structures. These findings indicate that L1 uses several domains for homophilic interactions overlapping for the two functions analyzed here, but also showing some regional specialization. Furthermore, we show that a homophilic molecule uses several domains in one function, with neurite outgrowth requiring more domains than adhesion for maximal activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Temptation].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Conscience↗
PubMed1993

Autocrine or paracrine transforming growth factor-beta modulates the phenotype of chick embryo sternal chondrocytes in serum-free agarose culture.

Sternal chondrocytes of 17-day-old chick embryos in serum-free agarose culture secrete transforming growth factor-beta. Media conditioned by such cells prevent serum-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy and cause a phenotypic modulation in serum-free culture which is similar to that observed for chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The modulated cells lose the round shape of differentiated chondrocytes and increasingly with time resemble tendon fibroblasts embedded into agarose. In addition, they produce less matrix macromolecules which include collagen I rather than cartilage collagens II, IX, X, and XI. All of these effects are abolished upon addition to the conditioned media of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta 2. The same factor caused effects closely similar to those elicited by conditioned media. Therefore, the phenotypic modulation in adhesion-dependent cultures of chondrocytes in vitro does not directly result from cell-matrix interactions but can be produced also in suspension culture under the direction of appropriate diffusible stimuli that include transforming growth factor-beta. In addition, the results support the concept of transforming growth factor-beta as a multifunctional cytokine acting differently on cells of the same developmental origin depending on their stage of differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Lateral dominance in 182 children. 2. The conscious motor act].

The mechanisms and topology of the consciousness phenomenon are briefly presented. The present results and data from literature are used to point out that to localize in one certain part of the cerebrum the conscious process seems untenable. These results derive from the neurological examination on 182 normal children from 6 to 14 years old. The children's motor behaviour during the tests on 'praxia without object' shows the conscious process and attention to be attached to the motor action in the whole extension of its development. Therefore, the consciousness is considered such a process that is present at each moment and locus of the motor action. As pointed out by the present results, it seems that presence or absence of consciouness is regulated by intrapsychic mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization.

We examined inhibitory control as a quality of temperament that contributes to internalization. Children were assessed twice, at 26-41 months (N = 103) and at 43-56 months (N = 99), on repeated occasions, in multiple observational contexts and using parental reports. Comprehensive behavioral batteries incorporating multiple tasks were designed to measure inhibitory control at toddler and preschool age. They had good internal consistencies, corresponded with maternal ratings, and were developmentally sensitive. Individual children's performance was significantly correlated across both assessments, indicating stable individual differences. Girls surpassed boys at both ages. Children's internalization was observed while they were alone with prohibited objects, with a mundane chore, playing games that occasioned cheating, being induced to violate standards of conduct, and assessed using maternal reports. Inhibitory control was significantly associated with internalization, both contemporaneously and as a predictor in the longitudinal sense. The implications for considering children's temperament as a significant, yet often neglected contributor to developing internalization are discussed.

Child Development↗
PubMed1996

Descriptive and normative ethics: conscientious objection.

Conscientious objection preserves the personal integrity and wholeness of a health care professional's character and personality. Professionals are obligated not only to codes of ethics and standards of care that guide their practices, but also to personal values. When professional and personal values conflict with health care delivery, nurses are compelled to object on moral grounds on behalf of themselves and the public they serve.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1977

[The responsibility of the surgeon (author's transl)].

Juridical survey upon the special problems of surgical carefulness. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of scientific and practical medical cooperation, respect for the patients life and the professional discretion.

Conscience↗
PubMed1977

[Model for the recall of dreams upon waking, proposed to account for impairment of memory of dreams].

A two-stage model is presented to account for the difficulties found in sleep learning and dream recall. The model assumes that information processing in a short-term memory store facilitates subsequent retrieval from long-term storage and that such processing is impaired during sleep. As a result, it is suggested that information confronting the sleeping person very likely can only be retrieved if an awakening occurs during the life of the short-term memory trace. However, it is proposed that material occurring during or shortly after awakening, competes with information occurring during sleep for space in the limited capacity processing system, with the most important being favored for processing. Interference and repression are included as additional factors affecting retrieval from longterm storage.

Conscience↗