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PubMed2005

Youth using research: learning through social practice, community building, and social change.

Traditional teaching runs directly counter to the natural learning process, which is a dynamic, socially conscious process whereby students learn by doing. This educational philosophy and practice is also predicated on serving the community. In the course of helping to build one's community, essential academic and personal skills are developed. This chapter provides examples of a high school program in Boston that uses community action project-based learning as a tool to create a better community. Through this process, students learn about finding and using their power to make change happen for them and their communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

"I love ballet": arts incentives for adolescent health and community development.

Art can be a transformative process that not only offers youth opportunities for self-expression, but enables them to connect to their communities as part of the healing process. Having a public role offers those who are often without power to have a voice and a presence. This chapter provides information on the Arts Incentives Program at the United South End Settlements, a therapeutic, arts-based youth and community development program working with high-risk girls ages eleven to eighteen. Young people engage in community building within the program and become agents of positive community change. In revitalizing their communities, they rebuild a sense of self as essential, valued, and creative, bringing together the resources of participants, agencies, and the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Teen empowerment: youth, police, and neighbors in partnership.

The Center for Teen Empowerment has used a particular model of building relationships to empower youth and adults as agents of positive social and institutional change. The Teen Empowerment Model is the product of over twenty-five years of thoughtful experience in changing the values, beliefs, and behaviors of youth and adults; making institutions more effective; and developing mechanisms for people of all ages to work together productively toward achieving their goals. The comprehensive methodology for working with groups is described in this chapter, using as an example work that the center has done bringing youth and police together.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hand-drumming to build community: the story of the Whittier Drum Project.

Over the years, the author participated in drum circles and classes in Denver, Fort Collins, and Boulder, Colorado. He noticed that drumming made him feel grounded and at peace. Drumming is very accessible, not like playing the piano or violin. Simple rhythms can be taught to people with no drumming experience very quickly and an ensemble rhythm created with a group in one sitting. Drumming turned out to be a highly effective way to engage with young people not only to address their individual spirits but to join with others to create a community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Somerville Youth Council.

In fall 2004, after many years of discussion, the Somerville Youth Council started. Its mission is to create an ongoing process of discussion, critical thinking, and problem solving to develop solutions to the challenges that youth encounter. In order to be an effective voice for youth, the Somerville Youth Council will have a diverse membership, develop expectations of mutual understanding and respect, and ensure that the means of communication builds bridges between youth, decision makers, and all others in Somerville. Owadokun, one of the council founders, has since moved to Nigeria, where she is forming a youth council in her community. Avilés is an active Youth Council youth member.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Individual and ecological assets and positive developmental trajectories among gang and community-based organization youth.

The Search Institute framework for conceptualizing developmental assets was used in a longitudinal study of African American male youth involved in gangs or in community-based organizations (CBOs) serving youth. Analyses of intraindividual change indicated that individual and ecological assets are linked to positive developmental trajectories among these youth.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Creating the conditions linked to positive youth development.

This chapter describes a framework for conceptualizing interventions intended to create the conditions linked to positive youth development. These interventions involve strategies designed to enhance either the will or the capacity of individuals, organizations, systems, or communities to change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Introduction: moving youth participation forward.

Given the emerging interest among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in youth participation, it is important to examine and assess carefully the promise and challenges of youth engagement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Youth conferences as a context for engagement.

Youth conferences can be effective means for engaging youth in the life of their schools, communities, and nation, bringing benefits not only to youth themselves but also to the community, which gains through the energy, ideas, and values that youth contribute.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

General practice out-of-hours co-operatives in Ireland-emergency service or not?

BACKGROUND: Since 1998, Irish general practice has developed 11 out-of-hours co-operatives, covering almost 40% of the population.The co-operatives vary in terms of triage mechanisms, treatment centres and domiciliary visits but no data exist on their role in the management of emergencies in the community. AIMS: To describe the role of co-operatives in the management of emergencies, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. METHOD: A questionnaire survey for a 12-month period completed by all 11 co-operatives described structures and activity levels. Semi-structured interviews with senior management and GPs at five randomly selected co-operatives explored their understanding of the role of co-operatives. RESULTS: The incidence of emergencies is very variable (10% of all contacts-virtually nil) with general reliance on the skills of triage staff rather than use of protocols to identify emergencies. Eight of 11 co-operatives provide a domiciliary service with some responding to calls from ambulance services and Gardai for medical assistance. There are very limited liaison structures with ambulance services at any level. Interviews with staff reveal concern with a perceived role as a service dealing with 999 type calls rather than with emergencies encountered in the course of normal general practice work. CONCLUSIONS: Clarification is urgently required of the extent to which GP co-operatives and ambulance services support each other. Examples include procedures for passing calls between services, mutual understanding of each others roles and development of common procedures.

After-Hours Care↗
PubMed2006

Prevention of obstetric urogenital fistulae: some thoughts on a daunting task.

Significant obstetric-related pelvic floor injury is still all too common in many areas of the world. Vesicovaginal fistula formation typically results from obstructed labor in the setting of limited medical resources for the patient. Many people have dedicated their time and even their lives to repairing these types of pelvic floor injuries, which certainly can impact in a positive way on the quality of life of these suffering women. However, it is time to consistently combine surgical repair initiatives with education, training, and prevention strategies, as well as outcomes research in order to improve on these efforts. It is only through committed initiatives with all of these elements that we may be able to ultimately decrease the prevalence of these types of pelvic floor sequelae.

Africa↗
PubMed2005

[Strategies to improve the life situation of minority ethnic elders shown by means of the example of a model project in the Unna district].

In Germany, the topic 'Ethnicity and Age' is a central concomitant of demographic and social change and has become a big challenge for existing structures of community care for elders. In this context, the Kreis Unna implemented a model project, which aimed at informing minority ethnic elders about the German care and welfare system. The project also tried to promote their usage of services and offers for elders in a sustainable way. Within the frame of the project, two information series were held. The first addressed minority ethnic elders and informed them about the German care and welfare system. The second qualified staff in the field of care and work for elders for the special needs of minority ethnic elders. The project was supported and evaluated by the Institute for Gerontology at the University of Dortmund. By viewing the results of the evaluation, it becomes evident that the two information and qualification series proved successful for both groups and, in general, are transferable to other municipalities. However, it also became clear that reducing barriers of access to the German care and welfare system is a very difficult process for both sides. A better usage of institutions and services of community care for elders by minority ethnic elders can only be accomplished by constant measures.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The differences in characteristics between health-care users and non-users: implication for introducing community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso.

The purposes of this study are to describe the characteristics of different health-care users, to explain such characteristics using a health demand model and to estimate the price-related probability change for different types of health care in order to provide policy guidance for the introduction of community-based health insurance (CBI) in Burkina Faso. Data were collected from a household survey using a two stage cluster sampling approach. Household interviews were carried out during April and May 2003. In the interviewed 7,939 individuals in 988 households, there were 558 people reported one or more illness episodes; two-thirds of these people did not seek professional care. Health care non-users display lower household income and expenditure, older age and lower perceived severity of disease. The main reason for choosing no-care and self-care was 'not enough money'. Multinomial logistic regression confirms these observations. Higher household cash-income, higher perceived severity of disease and acute disease significantly increased the probability of using western care. Older age and higher price-cash income ratio significantly increased the probability of no-care or self-care. If CBI were introduced the probability of using western care would increase by 4.33% and the probability of using self-care would reduce by 3.98%. The price-related probability change of using western care for lower income people is higher than for higher income although the quantity changed is relatively small. In conclusion, the introduction of CBI might increase the use of medical services, especially for the poor. Co-payment for the rich might be necessary. Premium adjusted for income or subsidies for the poor can be considered in order to absorb a greater number of poor households into CBI and further improve equity in terms of enrollment. However, the role of CBI in Burkina Faso is rather limited: it might only increase utilisation of western health care by a probability of 4%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Community social organization, parents, and peers as mediators of perceived neighborhood block characteristics on delinquent and prosocial activities.

Research on contextual and neighborhood effects has grown exponentially over the past decade as researchers have reacknowledged that community matters. Although empirical findings have consistently documented the significant influence of neighborhood context, the field is just beginning to investigate the varied and multiple pathways through which this influence is transmitted. The current study found support for both a direct and indirect influence of perceived neighborhood structural characteristics (i.e., neighborhood stability, income), measured at the block level, on neighborhood and youth outcomes. Directly, perceived neighborhood advantage led to significantly lower neighborhood rates of official delinquency and higher rates of prosocial activity. Indirectly, perceived neighborhood advantage significantly impacted outcomes by influencing more proximal constructs such as community social organization, informal social control, parenting practices, and affiliation with delinquent peers. Different pathways were significant across neighborhood and youth outcomes, yet perceived neighborhood advantage, in particular neighborhood stability, consistently exerted substantial effects, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and multilevel prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

On the edge of diversity: bringing African Americans and Latinos together in a neighborhood group.

This article describes challenges we encountered when organizing a group of African Americans and Latinos in a community where ethnic tensions had been normative. We relate how the first author, a Caucasian with a university affiliation, entered this diverse community and employed ethnographic methods in an attempt to understand it. The ethnography provides a context for the principal challenge we encountered: ensuring that the group had ethnic balance. Focusing on the group's first meeting, we describe the uncertainty of whether our work would be helpful or harmful to the community. We conclude with reflections on the gaps between science and practice in diverse communities; the utility and limits of ethnography; the multiple ecological levels of influence on the community; dilemmas around a White male taking proactive stances while trying to empower a group consisting mostly of women of color; and the influence of values we brought to the community.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Who will be the shade of our tree when you leave? Collaborating as women to advance community emancipation.

In 1994, out of a population of 45 million people an estimated 7.7 million people lived in informal settlements in South Africa (South African Institute of Race Relations, 1994). This article focuses on one community whose residents' desperation to own housing contributed to community disintegration, typified by infighting among women, and threats to human life. Issues of diversity became more prominent and destabilized community-building efforts. One effort to collaboratively break down barriers that deterred women from working together is presented to illustrate how these women created bonds based on "discovered similarities." The participatory and personal-experience approach described here contributed to their becoming active protagonists of their learning and encouraged tolerance and understanding among community women from differing ethnic, linguistic, and political backgrounds. The article concludes with a discussion of the critical importance of recognizing and working with and through differences within the current South African reality.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Building bridges across differences to meet social action goals: being and creating allies among People of Color.

Although challenges of anti-racist work are most commonly framed in relation to White people and People of Color, there are significant challenges involved in creating allies across minority racial groups. This article describes our experiences within a community organization aimed at training anti-racist culturally sensitive K-12 educators. As Asian American and Native American facilitators within a group of facilitators of color who were predominantly Black, we describe our experiences of relative marginalization and our (mostly failed) attempts to create change within the organization to be more inclusive of the perspectives, experiences, and needs of non-Black people/students of color. We contextualize these experienced conflicts in relation to race hierarchies, the "divide and conquer strategy" and the maintenance of White privilege. We offer reflections for how racial minorities engaged in anti-racist education could be better allies and how organizations might better foster environments that contribute to the creation of these alliances.

Community Networks↗
PubMed2006

Stronger relationships, stronger communities: lessons from a regional intergroup grant initiative.

This paper tells the story of an intergroup grant initiative and the neighborhood projects it supported. It highlights the challenges of race and power, in conjunction with other overlapping identities and forms of discrimination. The demographics of the greater Goodland region have changed dramatically over the last few years and decades. The life for traditionally European American and African American communities is being altered by a steady influx of new immigrants from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This paper discusses a philanthropic community's response to these changes and within this, two specific neighborhood-based responses. The lessons and insights described in this paper, told by the initiative's evaluator and advisory council co-chair, are drawn from five years' of systematic data collection and analysis, focused observations, and the reflections of other participants in the initiative.

Community Networks↗