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Development of a decision support model for scheduling clinical studies and assigning medical personnel.
Clinical studies for the development of new drugs in the pharmaceutical industry consist of a number of individual tasks which have to be carried out in a pre-defined chronological order. Each task requires certain types of medical personnel. This paper investigates the scheduling of clinical studies to be performed during a short-term planning horizon, the allocation of workforce between the studies, and the assignment of individual employees to tasks. Instead of developing a complex monolithic decision model, a hierarchical modelling approach is suggested. In the first stage, a compact integer optimization model is solved in order to determine the start-off times of the studies and the required staffing while taking the limited availability of personnel into account. The objective is to minimize total staffing costs. The assignment of individual employees to tasks is then made in the second stage of the procedure using a binary optimization model.
[The creation of the informal sector in urban areas].
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Population pressure, mechanization, and landlessness in Central Thailand.
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Migration, urban growth, and development: Pakistan's experience.
The authors "focus primarily on voluntary, peacetime migration [in Pakistan], both internal and international, and attempt to analyze some of its possible socioeconomic consequences." The importance of the role of migration in urban population growth is discussed, with attention to implications for social and economic development. The impact of large-scale emigration of workers to the Middle East is also assessed. The analysis is based on data from the 1951, 1961, 1972, and 1981 censuses as well as from secondary sources.
Migration, production and technology in agriculture: a case study in the Indian Punjab.
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[Socioeconomic characteristics of the labor force in Brazil (1976-1981)].
"This paper studies the main changes in the Brazilian labor force from 1976 to 1981. Several aspects concerning... Brazilian labor market dynamics, such as activity levels, employment, income distribution and social security, are examined. The paper takes into account the short-run effects of...economic policy on the Brazilian labor force." (summary in ENG)
Brain drain, illegal migration and capital exports from less developed economies: a neoclassical approach.
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Labour migration in the Arab Gulf states: patterns, trends and prospects.
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[The population problems in the countryside of China from the viewpoint of ecological economy].
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Republic of Austria. Country profile.
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Sub-Saharan Africa thirty years hence.
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A dynamical model of labor-market change in international labor migrations when demand for labor is exogenous.
"Relatively little is known about the long-run behavior of international labor migrations. One of the biggest concerns in immigration debates relates to the continued pressure on the borders of the wealthy countries. This immigration pressure will decline significantly only if the poor nations manage to provide more high-wage jobs. An earlier model of international labor migration is used to derive additional insights into the growth and decline of labor supply in different labor markets resulting from migration. Particular attention is paid to labor demand growth requirements in a sending country so that out-migration will slow down and eventually stop."
African women food farmers will be focus of new Hunger Project initiative.
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[Determining a level of immigration for Quebec: why and how?].
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Labor migration in Southern Africa and agricultural development: some lessons from Lesotho.
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American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric Workforce. Enhancing the racial and ethnic diversity of the pediatric workforce.
PURPOSE: This statement seeks to increase the awareness of the importance of diversity; to encourage the incorporation of principles of cultural competence into all aspects of pediatric education, training, and practice, as exemplified by practitioners, educators, and our national leadership; and finally to identify strategies for implementing this incorporation. KEY CONCEPTS: The increasing cultural diversity of the population has significant implications for the pediatric workforce and for the provision of pediatric health services. Diversity within the pediatric workforce will enhance the potential for pediatricians to acquire the knowledge and practice skills needed to effectively address the health and wellness needs of children and families. Support from this diversity should be integrated into all aspects of education, including providing quality education for minority students and attracting and retaining minority faculty; and should be sought through collaboration locally, regionally, and nationally with organizations and community leaders. ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES: The Policy Statement recommendations will be used to inform educators, administrators, practitioners, and others in the development of curricula, programs, and initiatives to enhance the diversity of the pediatric workforce and increase the cultural competence of practitioners.