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PubMed1983

Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in tissue, serum and urine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is elevated in urine and/or serum of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. A group of 26 patients with TCC of the urinary bladder were evaluated with regard to urine/serum CEA levels and CEA tissue content. CEA could be detected in normal, metaplastic and pre-neoplastic urothelium as well as tumor tissue. CEA was mainly localized on cell membranes, but with increasing tumor malignancy and infiltration a shift to cytoplasmatic localized CEA was noted. There was also a decrease in CEA content in the latter group. CEA urine levels were elevated above normal in more advanced tumor stages; however, the values varied greatly between individuals. All serum levels were within normal limits. No correlation could be established between urine/serum CEA levels and CEA tissue content.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Expression of c-fos protein in substance P receptor-like immunoreactive neurons in response to noxious stimuli on the urinary bladder: an observation in the lumbosacral cord segments of the rat.

Chemical irritation of the urinary bladder with formalin in the rat induced c-fos protein-like immunoreactivity in more than 80% of substance P receptor-like immunoreactive (SPR-LI) neurons of the dorsal commissural nucleus, sacral parasympathetic nucleus and lamina I in the 6th lumbar and 1st sacral cord segments. These neurons with SPR-LI may receive noxious information from the urinary bladder through the primary afferent fibers with substance P.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Structural and functional reactive changes in the bushy interceptor of the frog urinary bladder upon adequate stimulation].

Morphological and functional changes in the bushy receptors of the frog urinary bladder were studied after a definite cystectasia (bladder wall distention). Morphological and electrophysiological parameters were registered synchronously. Under the effect of distention the total rate of afferent impulse activity was demonstrated to increase with a simultaneous increase of the average size of the receptor end-plates and with changing (growing round) in their form. Increment of the average size of the end-plates overtakes that of the distance between two points chosen on the urinary bladder wall; certain shifts are also observed in time parameters for staining the receptors with methylene blue. A possibility is suggested on interconnections of morphological and electrophysiological shifts.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Distribution and regional variation of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and other neuropeptides in the rat urinary bladder and ureter: effects of age.

The distribution and regional variation of nerves immunoreactive for the neuropeptides pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were investigated in the urinary bladder and distal ureter of young adult (3 months) and aged (24 months) male Wistar rats by indirect immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitative estimations of nerve densities were made of peptidergic fibres innervating the dome, body and base of the urinary bladder and distal ureter. Sensory innervation of the dome was very sparse and the overall density of innervation increased progressively towards the base of the bladder. The density of innervation in the aged rats was closely comparable to that in the young adults, with the exception of slight reductions in CGRP and SP innervation of the muscle layer. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in the density of PACAP innervation of the subepithelial plexus and of the muscle layer of the bladder base. However, radioimmunoassay showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in PACAP contents between young and aged rat urinary bladder. In the distal ureter of aged rats the densities of innervation by fibres immunoreactive for SP and PACAP but not CGRP were reduced. These findings suggest that the level of sensory innervation of the bladder and distal ureter are reduced in old age and that the afferent limb of voiding reflexes may in consequence be perturbed.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

[Primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report].

A 43-year-old man was referred to our hospital with complaints of macroscopic hematuria, micturition pain, and pollakisuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary broad-based tumor of 4 cm in diameter at the posterior wall and trigone of the urinary bladder. A punch biopsy specimen was diagnosed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma mimicking colorectal cancer. Computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a large tumor involving both the urinary bladder and the rectum. Total cystoprostatectomy and low anterior resection following colorectal anastomosis, double barreled colostomy, and ileal conduit urinary diversion were performed. The tumor was diagnosed histopathologically as primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder infiltrating the sigmoid colon and the small intestine. The patient died 12 months after the operation due to peritonitis carcinomatosa.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical assessment of thermoradiotherapy of breast cancer and cancer of the urinary bladder].

Non-randomized clinical trials of thermoradiotherapy for breast cancer and carcinoma of the urinary bladder were reported. Thermoradiotherapy was useful for breast cancer treatment in term of (1) increased local control for locally advanced tumors and (2) possibility of reducing dose of irradiation for recurrent tumors following radiotherapy. Tumor response to thermoradiotherapy was dependent on tumor volume and maximum or minimum tumor temperature. Thermoradiotherapy was also effective as a preoperative-treatment for urinary bladder cancer. The incidence of down-staging and degeneration of tumors was significantly higher in thermoradiotherapy than in radiotherapy. These effects were temperature dependent. Patients with T 3-4 NOMO or Grade 3 tumors treated with thermoradiotherapy showed a tendency of increased survival compared with those treated with radiotherapy alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of stress gene mRNAs (HSP-27, 60 and 70) in obstructed rabbit urinary bladder using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.

Stress proteins (HSPs) participate in the cellular response to various stresses including hyperthermia, hypoxia and injury. A previous work using northern blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of stress protein 70 (HSP-70) in rabbit bladder tissue subjected to partial outlet obstruction. In order to determine if the increased expression was specific for HSP-70 or, alternatively, indicated a generalized stress protein response, a modified quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to quantitate HSP mRNAs (HSP-27, 60, and 70) in normal and obstructed rabbit urinary bladder tissues. The results show the following: 1) The modified semi-quantitative RT-PCR is a sensitive and reproducible technique for detecting mRNA in bladder tissue. 2) Constitutive levels of HSP-27, HSP-60, and HSP-70 mRNAs were detected in control bladder tissues; the relative signal intensity was highest for HSP-70 and lowest for HSP-27. 3) A transient increase in HSP mRNAs was observed after obstruction; the mRNAs of HSP-27, 60 and 70 increased 4.3-, 5.6-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, at 24 h following obstruction, then gradually returned to control levels by the end of one week post-obstruction and remained stable up to 14 days post-obstruction. These data indicate that the modified quantitative RT-PCR is a useful technique for detecting mRNA in bladder tissue; the stress response which occurs in rabbit urinary bladder tissue following partial outlet obstruction is a general phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An immunohistologic evaluation of C-erbB-2 gene product in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Amplification or overexpression of the c-erbB-2 gene have been reported to correlate with poor patient prognosis in human breast, gastric, and ovarian cancer. Recently, the c-erbB-2 gene product was found to be expressed frequently in the urinary bladder carcinoma. In the current study, the presence of the c-erbB-2 gene product in urinary bladder carcinomas was compared with patient outcome to evaluate whether c-erbB-2 gene product could identify a subset of patients who are destined to have a poor prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistologic study of the c-erbB-2 gene product was done in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained from 88 transitional cell carcinomas of the human urinary bladder. Eighty-three patients who underwent complete tumor resection by total cystoprostatectomy (30 patients) or by bladder-preserving operations such as transurethral surgery (50 patients) or partial cystectomy (3 patients) entered a follow-up study. The other five patients did not enter the follow-up study because of lost follow-up (2 patients) or distant metastasis at the time of surgery. RESULTS: The c-erbB-2 gene product was expressed in 23 of 88 patients (26%), showing an increase in the expression rate corresponding to the advancement of tumor grade (P < 0.05) and tumor stage (P < 0.2). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 48.5% for patients with c-erbB-2 negative tumors versus 9.7% for those with c-erbB-2 positive tumors (P < 0.01). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 65.5% for patients with c-erbB-2 negative tumors versus 41.8% for those with c-erbB-2 positive tumors (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression model showed that the c-erbB-2 gene product tissue status was a significant prognostic factor independent of grade and stage of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the c-erbB-2 gene product could be a tumor marker to identify a malignant subgroup in bladder carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fine structure of intramembranous particle aggregates in ADH-treated frog urinary bladder and skin: influence of glutaraldehyde and N-ethyl maleimide.

The fine structure of ADH-induced intramembrane particle aggregates has been studied in different tissues and under different experimental conditions. Particle aggregates similar to those previously observed in the amphibian urinary bladder and in the mammalian collecting duct were also found in the frog skin, another ADH target tissue. In the frog urinary bladder, typical aggregates were observed in the absence of glutaraldehyde fixation. Two experimental approaches were used 1) the absence of both fixative and cryoprotectant treatments and b) the absence of only glutaraldehyde treatment. In the latter case the reversal of hydrosmotic action was prevented by exposing the preparations to N-ethyl maleimide. In specimens of frog urinary bladder conventionally fixed with glutaraldehyde, two fracture levels could be observed in the aggregates, suggesting that the aggregated particles span an appreciable part of the membrane thickness.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1994

[An autopsy case of urinary bladder carcinoma with pulmonary infarction and subacute cor pulmonale caused by tumor embolization].

Pulmonary tumor embolism is a common finding at autopsy but is difficult to diagnose clinically antemortem. We report an autopsy case of urinary bladder carcinoma associated with tumor emboli of the pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarctions. An eighty-six-year-old man with bloody sputum showed multiple infiltrates on chest X-ray and multiple pleural based parenchymal lesions with truncated apex on computed tomography. The patient had a history of radiation therapy against urinary bladder carcinoma two years earlier. Transitional type carcinoma cells were identified from a urine sample obtained on admission. Three weeks later, the patient developed subacute cor pulmonale and died in severe respiratory distress. Postmortem examination revealed primary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Multiple tumor emboli of pulmonary arteries and subsequent pulmonary infarctions were visible microscopically. There was a large amount of effusion in both the pleural and the abdominal space. The heart contained focal scarring and mild right ventricular hypertrophy and there was congestion of the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen. Pulmonary tumor embolization may present at any stage of the patient's illness but rarely causes subsequent pulmonary infarctions. Cytologic examination of blood samples obtained from Swan-Ganz catheters may be useful in the diagnosis of tumor embolization.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Antitumoral effect of recombinant mistletoe lectin on chemically induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intravesically applied, recombinant, galactoside specific mistletoe lectin (rML) on chemically induced tumor development in the urinary bladder of rats. METHODS: For tumor induction, rats were treated with four biweekly 1.5 mg doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) intravesically (Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6). The control group (n = 39 + 17 rats) received no other treatment. The four therapy groups also received rML twice weekly according to one of the following instillation regimens: 1) 30 ng rML per instillation from Week 8 to Week 13 (Group a: n = 14 rats), 2) 150 ng rML per instillation from Week 8 to Week 13 (Group b: n = 23 + 15 rats), 3) 30 ng rML per instillation from Week 14 to Week 19 (Group c: n = 22 rats), and 4) 150 ng rML per instillation from Week 14 to Week 19 (Group d: n = 19 rats). After the rats were asphyxiated at Week 21, the urinary bladders were excised in toto and examined histopathologically. To study the immunomodulatory effects of intravesically applied rML, 17 animals from the control group and 15 animals from Group b were asphyxiated at Week 13, and urinary bladder tissue was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for mRNA expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and Fas ligand. RESULTS: By Week 21, atypical hyperplasia and neoplastic transformation were found in 82% of the animals in the control group. In contrast, in all four cohorts that were treated with rML, significantly lower rates of atypical hyperplasia and neoplastic transformation were found (Group a, 50%; Group b, 52%; Group c, 45%; and Group d, 42%). By Week 13, in the bladder tissue of 15 rML-treated animals from Group b, lower expression of interleukin-10 mRNA was measured, whereas the expression levels of interferon-gamma mRNA and Fas ligand mRNA were comparable to those of 17 animals from the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The current data provide evidence for an inhibitory effect of rML on experimental urothelial carcinogenesis that does not seem to be due to interferon-gamma and/or interleukin-10 dependent mechanisms.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1998

F344/Shi rats bearing type b catalase-1 locus are sensitive to sodium L-ascorbate promotion of two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

Our previous data showed that F344/DuCrj and LEW/Crj rat strains bearing the type a catalase-1 locus (CS1a) are sensitive to the promoting activity of sodium L-ascorbate (Na-AsA) in 2-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis, whereas ODS/Shi and WS/ Shi rat strains bearing the type b catalase-1 locus (CS1b) are resistant. In present study, we investigated the susceptibility of F344/Shi rats also bearing the CS1 to the Na-AsA-promoting effects on bladder tumor development. Male rats, 6 weeks old, were given 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in their drinking water for 4 weeks, then fed either basal diet supplemented with 5% Na-AsA or no chemicals for 32 weeks. The rats given BBN alone had a few small carcinomas in the urinary bladder. In contrast, animals administered BBN-Na-AsA had many large carcinomas. Administration of Na-AsA was associated with significant elevation of urinary pH and L-ascorbic acid. The results indicate that F344/Shi rats are sensitive to the promoting effects of Na-AsA on 2-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis, and thus that the CS1 locus may not influence susceptibility to promotion.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental studies on urinary incontinence. I. Effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on the contractile activities and intracellular cAMP levels of rabbit, canine and human urinary bladder smooth muscle].

Beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in detrusor and trigonal muscle of rabbit, canine and human urinary bladder were studied by in vitro techniques recording contractile force and by measuring intracellular cAMP content. The results of contractile studies were correlated with the intracellular cAMP levels. In the rabbit bladder, only beta 2-receptors were found in the detrusor though both beta 1- and beta 2-receptors were found in the trigonal muscle. In contrast, both beta 1 and beta 2-receptors were present in both detrusor and trigonal muscle of canine bladder. Human detrusor had only beta 2-receptors. Thus there are species differences in beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in urinary bladder smooth muscle.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1990

Effect of thiorphan on the response of guinea-pig isolated urinary bladder to exogenous and endogenous tachykinins.

Thiorphan, a well known inhibitor of 'enkephalinase' (endopeptidase 24.11) potentiated and prolonged the contractile response to substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) on strips of the guinea-pig isolated urinary bladder and this effect was evident both in presence and absence of the mucosal layer. Thiorphan also enhanced and prolonged the capsaicin-induced contraction in strips from the bladder dome which is thought to be mediated by release of endogenous tachykinins. Exposure to capsaicin produced simultaneous release of SP- and tachykinin-like immunoreactivity both in presence and absence of mucosa. This effect of capsaicin was potentiated by thiorphan. Endopeptidase 24.11 activity was detected in the guinea-pig urinary bladder, being more concentrated in the mucosal than the muscular layer. These findings indicate that endopeptidase 24.11 terminates the activity of tachykinins in the guinea-pig urinary bladder and modulates the intensity of the biological response produced after their release from peripheral endings of sensory nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cancer of the urinary bladder in the Pacific Basin.

The incidence of urinary bladder cancer differs markedly among the different ethnic and national groups in the Pacific Basin. Because of these differences, the following colaborative studies can be done to identify and characterize factors associated with bladder cancer: 1) study population groups with different levels of bladder cancer risk who reside in the same geographic setting; 2) study ethnically similar groups who differ in risk and reside in different locations; and 3) study population groups who differ in risks and reside in different geographical regions. Factors possibly related to bladder cancer that have been identified and studied by others include occupational exposure to certain chemicals, cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, artificial sweeteners, certain viruses, radiation exposure, phenacetin, bracken fern, Schistosoma haematobium, tryptophan metabolites, nitrosamines, estrogens, hair dyes, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid. In collaborative studies, the pathologic interpretation of histologic material and the content of the questionnaire should be well standardized, and the laboratory tests should be done at one laboratory. Among the population groups in the Pacific Basin, the Japanese in Hawaii and in Japan provide a unique resource for further investigation with respect to bladder cancer.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1986

Functional characteristics of lumbar visceral afferent fibres from the urinary bladder and the urethra in the cat.

Neural activity of lumbar visceral afferents supplying the urinary bladder and urethra was analyzed systematically in the cat. The afferent fibres were isolated either from the white rami L3 and L4 in a preparation with closed peritoneal cavity, or from the lumbar splanchnic nerves in a preparation with open peritoneal cavity and investigated for various functional parameters. Seventy five single units and 9 multiunit bundles were analyzed. About 50% of the afferent units had some ongoing activity (0.2 to 1 imp/s). Two thirds of the afferent axons were thin myelinated (conduction velocity 3-15 m/s), the rest were presumably unmyelinated (conduction velocity below 2 m/s). The receptive fields of the afferent units consisted - with one exception - of single mechanosensitive sites on the surface of the bladder and urethra. Most receptive fields were situated on the dorsal side of the bladder. Afferents with receptive fields on or in the bladder wall responded in a graded manner to passive distension and isovolumetric contraction at intravesical pressures ranging from about 10 to 70 mm Hg. The thresholds for exciting the afferent units ranged from less than 10 mm Hg to about 30 mm Hg intravesical pressure, most of them being less than 20 mm Hg. Generally, the discharge rate of the afferent units gave a reliable representation of the intravesical pressure to the lumbar spinal cord. Urethral units exhibited either no responses to the graded distensions and contractions of the urinary bladder, or responded with low discharge rates at higher intravesical pressures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Colon and gastric metastases from a primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Signet-ring cell carcinoma is a relatively rare neoplasm that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder. We report a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with gross haematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a white sessile tumour of the anterior bladder wall. The histological diagnosis showed a primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the bladder (T3bN0M0). Eighteen months after radical cystectomy, the patient developed colon and stomach metastases. This case represents the first description of a primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with gastrointestinal metastases.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗