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Results for “school functioning”

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PubMed1991

Educational deficits in survivors of childhood cancer.

Some long-term survivors of childhood cancer experience changes in cognitive functioning and have learning difficulties in school. Psychological and educational studies of children who received cranial irradiation in treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia or brain tumor have identified specific disabilities. A coordinated educational intervention approach is needed, using special education services available through local school districts.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of the curriculum including the computer use on work capacity and health status of older schoolchildren].

Formation of computer skills + of pupils is one of the most acute tasks for school today. The relationship between the functional state of the central nervous system, visual analyser and efficiency of pupils with age, have been established. Motivation for work with the computer and quality of the computer video-terminal has been established. Questionnaires given to about 500 pupils have shown that the majority of pupils show an interest to working with computers: 82.5% of 13-14-year old and 70% of 16-17-year old adolescents. Efficiency of pupils becomes more stable with age. The highest number of astheno-neurotic tic symptoms and fatigue complaints are registered in pupils with a low interest to working with computers, as well as in pupils dealing with computers of low quality (of the type Personal Computer 0010). Duration of pupils' work with computers should be no longer than 30 minutes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Psychological development of children who were treated antenatally with corticosteroids to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.

Potential side effects of antenatal administration of corticosteroids to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome were studied in 10- to 12-year-old children whose mothers had participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of betamethasone. Aspects of the children's intellectual and motor development, school achievement, and social-emotional functioning were investigated. There were no differences between the corticoid group and the placebo group on these variables, nor were there more children with learning difficulties and behavioral disturbances in either of the groups.

Betamethasone↗
PubMed1989

Determinants of self-esteem in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.

Social support, family functioning, self-perceptions of appearance, school, behavior, athletics, and social competence, as well as daily hassles/microstressors, were investigated as determinants of general self-esteem in 41 children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies. Classmate, parent, teacher, and friend social support all were significant predictors of self-esteem. Family conflict and organization were also significantly associated with self-esteem, as were microstressors. The overall model of significant predictor variables accounted for 66% of the variance in general self-esteem. General self-esteem also was significantly predictive of depressive symptomatology. The findings suggest a number of factors which are potentially modifiable and which might enhance general self-esteem in children with visible physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the need and demand for orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of the present thesis was to analyze the complex factors which are involved in evaluating the need and demand for orthodontic care among school children. In the first section functional disturbances in 43 children with postnormal and 55 children with normal occlusion are studied. Data were obtained from an examination of mandibular function as well as palpation of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles. In addition, the EMG activity of jaw muscles with and without palpatory tenderness respectively was studied in 8 children. In general, the results do not clearly support the hypothesis that postnormal occlusion is associated with functional disturbances that accentuate the need of orthodontic treatment. The next study concerns the precision of evaluating the objective need of orthodontic treatment in accordance with instructions given by the National Swedish Board of Health & Welfare and with similar instructions modified by a panel of dentists. The proposed instructions were related to a decision about whether or not to recommend treatment. Several dentists undertook independent assessments of the need of treatment in the same patients. In general, the results show that the greatest reliability in gradings of the objective need of treatment is achieved when dentists have trained together. Such training has more of an effect on the reliability in gradings than the content of the instructions. The last section of the thesis concerns the reliability of assessments of the subjective demand for orthodontic treatment. It is based on questionnaires and on independent evaluations of this demand by two orthodontists. The most common reason given by parents for seeking treatment for their child was that the malocclusion affected the child's appearance; other factors were of secondary importance in most cases. The duration of treatment does not appear to be of decisive importance for most patients and parents when deciding whether or not to accept treatment. Further, the results show that when two specialists assessed the demand for treatment of 144 patients on the same occasion but independently, they graded this demand very differently. A fixed-choice questionnaire given to children (11 items) and parents (17 items) who apply for treatment has also been evaluated. A proposal for the design of a questionnaire for estimation of the subjective demand for orthodontic treatment is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The neuropsychology of Down syndrome: evidence for hippocampal dysfunction.

This study tested prefrontal and hippocampal functions in a sample of 28 school-aged (M = 14.7 years, SD = 2.7) individuals with Down syndrome (DS) compared with 28 (M = 4.9 years, SD = .75) typically developing children individually matched on mental age (MA). Both neuropsychological domains were tested with multiple behavioral measures. Benchmark measures of verbal and spatial function demonstrated that this DS sample was similar to others in the literature. The main finding was a significant Group x Domain interaction effect indicating differential hippocampal dysfunction in the group with DS. However, there was a moderate partial correlation (r = .54, controlling for chronological age) between hippocampal and prefrontal composite scores in the DS group, and both composites contributed unique variance to the prediction of MA and adaptive behavior in that group. In sum, these results indicate a particular weakness in hippocampal functions in DS in the context of overall cognitive dysfunction. It is interesting that these results are similar to what has been found in a mouse model of DS. Such a model will make it easier to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that lead to the development of hippocampal dysfunction in DS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Well-being therapy in school settings: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in the psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and psychological well-being. It is conceivable that activation of such mechanisms in the school setting may entail long-term benefits, both in terms of the developmental process and of prevention of distress. This study wants to apply and test the efficacy of a school-based intervention protocol derived from well-being therapy (WBT) compared to cognitive-behavioral strategies. METHODS: School interventions were performed in a population of 111 students randomly assigned to: (a) a protocol using theories and techniques derived from cognitive-behavioral therapy; (b) a protocol derived from WBT. Assessment before and after interventions was performed using two self-rating scales: Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales. RESULTS: Both school-based interventions resulted in a comparable improvement in symptoms and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: This new well-being-enhancing strategy could play an important role in the prevention of psychological distress in school settings and in promoting optimal human functioning among children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Menstrual pattern and abnormalities in the high school girls of Dharan: a cross sectional study in two boarding schools.

Puberty is the biological transition between the immature and adult reproductive function. This study has been carried out to find out the menstrual pattern, and awareness of the abnormalities in menstrual pattern among school going pubertal age group girls in Dharan. It has been carried out with the aim to follow it with school health education. Cross sectional study was done in 96 girls of two different school of Dharan of the age group ranging from 11 years to 17 years. The median age of menarche was 12 years. There were 6.9% cases of oligomennorhea and 10.0% of hypomenorhea. Menorrhagia was seen in 6.2% of the girls. Spasmodic dysmenorrhea was seen in 67.0% of the girls but the daily activity was hampered only in 20.0%. Out of the 96 students 73.0% were prepared psychologically beforehand. Very less students (8.0%) knew only very little about the abnormalities in menstruation, rest were ignorant about it. Thus, it was seen that these school going girls needed education about the abnormalities of menstruation so that they can differentiate the normal phenomenon from abnormality and report in time in case of aberrance in the menstrual cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Passive smoking, domestic fuels and lung function in north Indian children.

A study was carried out in 200 school children from north India to find out the effects of passive smoking and exposure to domestic cooking fuels on their lung functions. Forced vital capacity and FEV1 were the lowest in boys whose households used biomass fuel (p < 0.05) and PEFR and FEF 25% and 50% were lowest in boys with their homes using kerosene as fuels. All these were the best for LPG fuel. However, in girls there was no significant difference in different parameters, although the values were lower in those using kerosene and biomass fuel. All parameters were lower in passive smokers irrespective of the type of fuel used although they were not statistically significant. However, FEF 50% was significantly less in passive smokers whose households used mixed fuels. The same was true for PEFR, PEFR %, and FEF 25% in cases of LPG fuel use.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2005

Adolescent attitudes toward random drug testing in schools.

The current research examined students' perceptions of random drug testing for students participating in after-school activities. Results found students were more likely to endorse drug testing at their school if they are already engaged in after-school activities and not currently using drugs and/or alcohol. While middle and high school students' scores fell within the median, most reported if drug testing were implemented in their school they believed it would not deter continued participation in after-school activities. However, if drug testing were a prerequisite for participating in after-school activities, high school students were more apprehensive about getting tested than middle school students. Student respondents were more likely to endorse drug testing, if all members of the school system (i.e., teachers, coaches and staff) participated in drug testing. High school students' believed they had enough knowledge about drug abuse and were less likely to endorse drug testing because they believed it would violate their personal privacy compared to grade school students. Results also differed as a function of gender and self-reported drug and alcohol use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Relationship between air pollution due to traffic, decreased lung function and airway symptoms in children].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether air pollution by traffic was related to lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms in children living. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: The province of South Holland, the Netherlands. METHODS: In the period May through July of 1995 pulmonary function tests and questionnaires were obtained from 1,092 and 1,068 children respectively in six city districts near busy motorways in the province of South Holland. In the same period, indoor measurements were performed at 12 schools of NO2, black smoke and PM10 dust density. Lung function data were analysed by multiple linear regression and respiratory symptoms were analysed by multiple logistic regression. As independent variables, distance between motorway and home, passenger car traffic density and lorry traffic density on the motorway, and black smoke and NO2 concentrations in schools were taken. RESULTS: Significant differences in lung function and respiratory symptoms were found between children living in different city districts. Lung function as well as symptoms were associated with lorry traffic density on the motorway. The validity of these findings was supported by associations between black smoke concentrations (representative for diesel soot) and lung function as well as respiratory symptoms. In contrast, there was no association between passenger car traffic counts or NO2 and lung function or respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that air pollution by lorry traffic can lead to reduced lung function and to an increased prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in children living near major motorways.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2000

Toward ending the marginalization and fragmentation of mental health in schools.

For efforts to address mental health and psychosocial concerns in schools to be effective, practices must not be marginalized and must be implemented cohesively at each school and among families of schools. Mechanisms and processes must be established to minimize marginalized and fragmented practice, weave together school and community resources, and develop comprehensive and multifaceted approaches. A school-based, resource-oriented team represents one key mechanism. In addition, schools working in the same neighborhoods and with the same families can use a collaborative council to coordinate school and community resources. Resource team and collaborative council functions include mapping, analyzing, and redeploying existing resources, and formulating plans for evolving a comprehensive, multifaceted continuum of school-community interventions to address barriers to student learning and promote healthy development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The diverse functions of role models across primary care specialties.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship of role models to primary care specialty and gathered information on the attributes and functions of role models. METHODS: A questionnaire on medical school experiences and attitudes was administered to primary care graduates from 24 US medical schools. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 1,457 physicians. Sixty-three percent of primary care respondents had a role model. Having a role model was significantly related to current specialty and ethnicity. Respondents most valued their role models' patient relationships. For family medicine and internal medicine graduates, having a role model was related to more contact and more-positive views of faculty in their specialty. Those with a role model reported that primary care was encouraged at their medical school and were more satisfied with their specialty choice. CONCLUSIONS: Role models may be more important to students who are not well represented among medical school faculty, namely women, underrepresented ethnic minorities, and those interested in family medicine. For family medicine graduates, role models function to moderate negative stereotypes. Role models may also make explicit the values of physicians in that specialty, making students more informed when choosing a specialty and as a consequence more satisfied with the decision.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are child developmental outcomes related to before- and after-school care arrangements? Results from the NICHD study of early child care.

Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care, a prospective, longitudinal study involving 933 children, were used to examine relations between cumulative participation in 5 types of out-of-school care (before- and after-school programs, extracurricular activities, sitters, fathers, and nonadult care) and child developmental outcomes in the latter part of first grade (approximately age 7 years). Children who consistently participated in extracurricular activities during kindergarten and first grade obtained higher standardized test scores than children who did not consistently participate in these activities, controlling for child and family factors and children's prior functioning. Participation in other types of out-of-school care was not associated with child functioning in first grade when background factors were controlled.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Behavioural and emotional problems in very preterm and very low birthweight infants at age 5 years.

BACKGROUND: Children born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks' gestation) or with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g; hereafter called VP/VLBW) are at risk for behavioural and emotional problems during school age and adolescence. At school entrance these problems may hamper academic functioning, but evidence on their occurrence at this age in VP/VLBW children is lacking. AIM: To provide information on academic functioning of VP/VLBW children and to examine the association of behavioural and emotional problems with other developmental problems assessed by paediatricians. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 431 VP/VLBW children aged 5 years (response rate 76.1%) was compared with two large national samples of children of the same age (n = 6007, response rate 86.9%). OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioural and emotional problems measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and paediatrician assessment of other developmental domains among VP/VLBW children. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of a CBCL total problems score in the clinical range was higher among VP/VLBW children than among children of the same age from the general population (13.2% v 8.7%, odds ratio 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.17)). Mean differences were largest for social and attention problems. Moreover, they were larger in children with paediatrician-diagnosed developmental problems at 5 years, and somewhat larger in children with severe perinatal problems. CONCLUSION: At school entrance, VP/VLBW children are more likely to have behavioural and emotional problems that are detrimental for academic functioning. Targeted and timely help is needed to support them and their parents in overcoming these problems and in enabling them to be socially successful.

Child↗