Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vision Screening”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

A vision of the future of newborn screening.

In 40 years, newborn screening has evolved to become a standard component of preventive public health. Despite its widespread acceptance, efforts need to be made to overcome some significant problems. There is inequity in the conditions for which states screen routinely, and many conditions that could be screened for are not, for economic or logistic reasons. Existing (tandem mass spectrometry) and potential (DNA microarray) technologies could be developed and put in place to correct these existing shortcomings. To do so will require investment in the technologies, combined with public and professional education and provision of a high-quality, accessible system for confirmation of diagnoses, family counseling, initiation of treatment, and the opportunity to participate in research to develop new or improved therapies.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1989

[Fechner's paradox, a binocular vision test].

Fechner's paradox is a visual phenomenon which may be summarized as follows: a subject looks at an illuminated screen in binocular vision; one of the eyes is provided with a photometric neutral filter (density 1,3), the other eye remaining uncovered. When the uncovered eye is covered by means of a cover-test, the apparent luminosity of the viewing screen seems to decrease; but when the eye with the filter is covered by the cover-test, the apparent luminosity of the screen seems to increase: this fact is apparently paradoxical, since a part of the luminous stimulus of the eyes was suppressed: this is Fechner's paradox. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon is not yet clear; nevertheless, it is a primordial phenomenon of binocular vision, is easy to use in clinical strabological practice. Our present study was an application of Fechner's paradox in 119 strabismic subjects, 5 kinds of responses were obtained: 2 normal kinds of responses: Fechner's paradox symmetrical (41 subjects) or asymmetrical (29 subjects), i.e. 60% normal responses; and 3 kinds of pathological responses: mononuclear abolition (34 subjects), binocular abolition (10 subjects) and inversion of Fechner's paradox (5 subjects). The comparison between these responses and the clinical features was as follows: 1) Fechner's paradox was normal in 78% of subjects when the difference between the visual acuities of the two eyes was below 5/10, i.e. without true ambylopia; Fechner's paradox was abnormal in 74% of subjects when the difference was greater than 5/10; unilateral abolition of Fechner's paradox was not clearly related to the differences in visual acuity, but bilateral abolition and inversion of the phenomenon was related to ambylopia of one eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Retinopathy of prematurity: are we screening too many babies?

PURPOSE: With advancement in neonatal care units, early detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature and very-low-birth-weight infants is important. Numerous studies have reported an increased risk of ROP in prematurely born infants, but only few have been long-term and strictly population-based. The aim of the present study was to find out whether birthweight <1251 grams and gestational age <30 weeks could provide a safe and efficient means of detecting treatable ROP. We have retrospectively tried to ascertain the incidence and associated risk factors that may contribute to the management of babies with ROP. METHODS: Infants either with a birth weight below 1500 g or a gestational age of less than 32 weeks were screened for ROP during an 8-year period by a single examiner. Results An incidence of 64/205 (31.2%) ROP was noted. The mean age at detection was 5.5 +/- 2 weeks of life. The maximum stage reached was stage 1 in 27 (13.2%), stage 2 in 24 (11.7%) and stage 3 in 10 (4.8%) babies. Threshold ROP was present in three (1.5%) babies. Significantly fewer (150/205 = 73%) babies would have been examined had a birth weight of <1251 grams and a gestational age <30 weeks been applied. there were five (8%) babies with birth weight >1250 grams and eight (12%) babies with gestational age >30 weeks amongst babies with ROP but all were stage 1 or stage 2. All the stage 3 ROP and the threshold ROP cases were babies with birth weight <1000 grams and gestational age below 28 weeks. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmic examination may be safely and efficiently concentrated in babies with birth weight <1251 grams and gestational age below 30 weeks. Birth weight (P < 0.005) and gestational age (P < 0.01) were the only significant risk factors. During this 8-year period there was no significant decrease in the number of babies screened for ROP and the overall incidence of all stages of the disease has remained constant. In the present series a lower incidence of severe ROP was noted compared to most previous studies. Our experience from this study suggests the need for further refinement of screening guidelines in order to focus screening on the vision-threatening stages of ROP.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2004

[Complications during the neonatal period can cause visual impairment later in life. Only few of the children were born prematurely--a surprising result of the study].

Forty per cent of children known at our low vision centre at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden, had been treated in a neonatal ward after birth. Only few of them were born prematurely. Half of the children had an additional neurological handicap. The present neonatal screening program detects most cases of congenital cataract and all cases with retinopathy of prematurity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Worst-case prediction strategy in force programming when visual information is obstructed.

A person's strategy for applying force while lifting an object is dependent upon visual cues. This study investigated the alteration of strategy in force programming when visual information about an object's size was obstructed at the moment of lifting. Seven subjects were instructed to use a precision grip for repeated lifts of a cube-like grip apparatus attached to a box. The grip apparatus was a special device designed to measure grip and load forces. Three different-sized plastic boxes of equal weight were pseudorandomly presented by attaching them beneath the grip apparatus to the subjects in two visual conditions. In the Full-vision condition, subjects could view the box's size prior to lifting. In the Obstructed-vision condition, a screen prevented subjects from seeing the box size prior to lifting. In the Full-vision condition, the grip force and load force used by subjects on the grip apparatus increased with box size. In contrast, the subjects in the Obstructed-vision condition used forces appropriate for the largest box regardless of box size. The present results suggest that absence of size information may cause an alteration of strategy used to determine force output in that subjects may apply a maximum force adequate for the largest box, which could be called a "worst-case" prediction strategy, i.e., when there is doubt, the most secure lift may be selected for all possible cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The need for routine eye examinations.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and causes of vision loss to assist in the objective determination of the preferred frequency of routine screening for those with normal vision. METHODS: A prospective, population-based study of people aged 40 or more years. Standardized examination protocols were used that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity, visual field testing, and comprehensive eye examination with dilation. RESULTS: There were 2529 people with a full data set, including 1590 with a normal baseline examination. The 5-year incidence of vision loss (<6/12 presenting acuity in the worse eye) was 2.39%. Overall, 24 (63%) of 38 of those with vision loss had noticed a change in their vision, and 18 (75%) of these 24 had attended an eye examination. This left only 14 (0.88%) people who had had normal baseline examination results and had asymptomatic vision loss develop over this 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent routine eye examinations of those with normal examination results will have a low yield and may not be cost effective. Health promotion messages should target those who notice a change in vision and those at higher risk such as those with diabetes or a family history of eye disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Treating and managing head lice: the school nurse perspective.

School nurses often are the first healthcare professionals to diagnose lice infestations in children. Although lice do not transmit disease, many schools send children home if they detect live head lice. It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses that children who have been treated for lice infestations should not be excluded from school because of the presence of residual nits. The primary goals of the school nurse in controlling infestations are to identify children with head lice and to break the cycle of reinfestation. Routine screening of children for head lice is often part of infestation management policies in school districts. A thorough screening of a child's head can take several minutes. If a school's policy is to screen all students, the total time for examination adds significantly to the school nurse's caseload. The use of the school nurse's time for universal screening must be measured against other responsibilities, including health problem management, medication management, health assessments, and vision and hearing screening. Once a child is identified as having lice, the school nurse can play a key role in working with the child's family to eradicate the infestation. Education about treatment options and environmental cleaning are topics the nurse can address with the family. The school nurse also can function as a case manager who coordinates various aspects of treatment for an affected child. Because infestations can be very upsetting to students and to their families, the nurse can provide support and reassurance to the family as the child is treated. Participation of school nurses in developing appropriate and consistent policies and procedures within the school district is vital to the overall management of infestations. Their efforts to control and reduce infestations are necessary for the overall health of the school population.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Screening in child health.

Screening programmes in child health have evolved on the basis of individual enthusiasm and professional consensus, rather than being based on objective evidence of benefit. Three reviews have been carried out in the UK over the past 10 years. The only programmes which show robust evidence of effectiveness are those for PKU and hypothyroidism. The value of screening for hearing loss and vision defects is widely accepted, but there are many unresolved issues. Programmes for detection of congenital dislocation of the hip, congenital heart disease and growth disturbances are of doubtful value. Early identification of developmental problems is stressed by parents, but screening may not be the best way to achieve this. The UK programme of well-child care places increasing emphasis on promotion of physical and emotional health; screening tests should either be subjected to quality monitoring, or removed from the programme if they cannot fulfil the classic criteria of Wilson and Jungner.

Child↗
PubMed1989

What do color vision defectives say about everyday tasks?

A lengthy questionnaire was administered to 102 people with defective color vision and to an equal number of people with normal color vision. The questionnaire asked about the subjects' awareness of their defect and their knowledge of defective color vision as well as exploring the difficulties they experience with color at work and in pursuing leisure activities. The questionnaire was administered in the consulting room under conditions that might be expected to elicit frank replies. Nearly 90% of dichromats and up to two-thirds of anomalous trichomats reported difficulties with everyday tasks that involve color, nearly one-half of the dichromats and one in five anomalous trichromats reported difficulty with traffic lights, and similar proportions reported color difficulties in their present jobs. Substantial numbers reported that their color vision defect had affected their choice of career and many had been excluded from a chosen occupation. The screening of color vision in schools and provision of appropriate career counselling is urged.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

A protocol for hypertension screening and referral.

The current nationwide attack on hypertension, with its emphasis on early detection and prevention, has served to reinforce optometry's commitment to vision-related health screening and referral. The current status of this multidisciplinary program is reviewed, and the major risk factors are presented, in a hypertension screening/referral form designed to improve the screening/referral process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Ishihara Test: on the prevention of job discrimination.

Experiments were carried out to answer questions relative to the use of the 24-plate edition of the Ishihara Test for Colour-Blindness as a screening instrument for detecting the presence of inherited color defective vision. Subjects and their numbers varied between some experiments. Some subjects had normal color vision and others had inherited color defectiveness as confirmed with a Nagel anomaloscope. Most of the 157 subjects who participated in the experiments were either young deaf college students or police recruits with normal hearing who did not pass the Ishihara Test during their respective visual screening processes. Some hearing faculty and staff participated as part of Experiment 2. Item analysis and statistics applied to test the significance of differences between group means were applied to derive the following results: (a) test-retest reliability for the Ishihara is high both for persons with inherited color defectiveness and normal color vision; (b) persons making fewer than five errors on the first 13 plates made common incidental (nontypical) errors not related to color defective vision; and (c) five (5) or more errors was identified with some degree of inherited color defective vision, and subsequent referral for additional color vision diagnostics is warranted. Failure to utilize the recommended "pass-fail" criterion and/or to allow clients who fail color vision screening recourse to additional testing to establish type and degree of color defective vision may unnecessarily lead to job discrimination and/or interfere in a negative manner with the career selection process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of low vision in elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit in Liverpool: elderly people who fall are more likely to have low vision.

The prevalence of visual impairment among elderly patients admitted to hospital is unknown. This group of patients may be particularly at risk from poor vision which could jeopardise their independence. A prospective study of visual imapairment and its aetiology in acute geriatric admissions assessed after the acute illness had settled was performed. Subjects were all patients aged 65 years or over, excluding those chronically confused, admitted to the Department of Geriatric Medicine at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital with an acute medical illness. After the acute illness had settled visual impairment, as defined by the American criteria (best acuity 6/18), was assessed on the ward with a Snellen chart read at 6 m using binocular vision and current glasses. Those patients identified with impaired vision on initial screening were formally assessed in the ophthalmology department to identify the cause. 200 patients were examined. 101 patients (50.5%) had impaired vision. In these patients, correctable refractive errors were present in 40%, cataract in 37% and senile macular degeneration in 14%. Of the 101 patients with impaired vision 79% had a reversible cause. Comparing these results with a recent study in the community showed a much higher incidence for patients admitted to hospital. There was a particularly high prevalence in those elderly patients who were admitted with falls (76%, p = 0.0003). In conclusion, elderly patients, especially those presenting with falls, admitted to hospital have a high prevalence of visual impairment. Visual impairment may be compounding or causing falls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1997

In-office screening for age-related hearing and vision loss.

Impairment in hearing and vision are common for persons age 65 and older, and severe impairments may result in dependencies in daily activities. Hearing loss with age often results in diminished ability to communicate with others and may lead to isolation, depression, and cognitive changes. A hearing evaluation involving simple screening tools in important for early recognition and treatment of otologic conditions. Cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are the most sight-threatening ocular diseases of aging. Visual loss usually occurs gradually and may go unrecognised for some time. Primary care screening is important to preserve sight and prevent disability and loss of function.

Aged↗