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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed2004

Syndromes of behavioural and psychological symptoms in mild Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and are associated with significant distress for patient and carer. Certain behavioural and psychological symptoms have been associated with each other, leading to the suggestion that differences in symptom patterns among patients with AD may represent different syndromes within AD. The purpose of this study is to see if patients with AD could be meaningfully classified into syndromes, based on the relationships between their BPSD. METHODOLOGY: The sample was recruited through a memory clinic. Two hundred and forty first visit patients with a diagnosis of very mild to mild AD were included. BPSD were assessed using the BEHAVE-AD. Latent class analysis was used to assess for different classes or groups of patients within the sample, based on their behavioural and psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Three classes were identified; Class 1 with a low prevalence of behavioural and psychological symptoms; Class 2 an anxiety/depressive symptom class and Class 3 an aggressive symptom class. CONCLUSIONS: The three classes (or groups) of patients obtained by LCA in this sample may be explained by a 'latent', as yet, unidentified factor. Further research is required to determine if these classes are stable over time, and to identify possible latent variables.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Outcome of short-term child psychiatric hospitalization: teacher evaluation at 5-month and 12-month follow-up.

This prospective follow-up study reports the outcome of children and adolescents discharged from short-term inpatient treatment based on teacher evaluations with Rutter's Questionnaire. There was a significant reduction in deviant behaviour between pretreatment and 5-month follow-up assessment but not between 5-month and 1-year follow-up. However, relatively few children fell within the normal range of non-clinically referred children. The child's more impaired general functioning, more frequent individual behaviour symptoms, antisociality and disengaged family interaction were associated with less favourable outcome. Pure affective or anxiety disorder predicted functioning within normal range and improvement in behaviour problems at follow-up. Treatment variables were not found to be associated with the outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Anomalies of cyclic AMP excretion in some abnormal offenders.

It is now well established that the metabolic sequeale of catecholamine secretion are mediated via cyclic nucleotides. Recent studies have indicated changes in the pattern of catecholamine secretion correlating with convictions for violence in maximum security hospital detainees. This study of the excretion rate of urinary cyclic AMP in this group of patients failed to show a correlation between adrenaline or noradrenaline and cyclic AMP secretion. However, subjects convicted of sexual offences showed a significantly greater cyclic AMP excretion than other patients and normal controls. These results are discussed in terms of the possible modification of receptor sensitivity and influence of alternative agonists such as testosterone.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed2005

Methamphetamine use among young adults: health and social consequences.

The current research analyzed the relationship between methamphetamine use and health and social outcomes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 106 respondents. Virtually all of the respondents experienced negative consequences of methamphetamine use. The most serious, but least prevalent, methamphetamine-related health problem was seizures and convulsions. The most prevalent health effect was weight lose. A substantial number of respondents experienced severe psychological symptoms: depression, hallucinations, and paranoia. Of the 106 respondents, 34.9% had committed violence while under the influence of methamphetamine. The data suggest that methamphetamine-based violence was more likely to occur within private domestic contexts, both family and acquaintance relationships. It is apparent from the findings that methamphetamine use heightens the risk for negative health, psychological, and social outcomes. Having said this, it is crucial to acknowledge that there was no evidence of a single, uniform career path that all chronic methamphetamine users follow. Furthermore, a significant number of sample members experienced limited or no serious social, psychological, or physical dysfunction as a result of their methamphetamine use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Interviewing principles for the psychiatrically aware sports medicine physician.

This article describes how sports medicine physicians can best approach the diagnoses of mental illness in athletes. Examples of psychiatric problems common to athletes, their incidences in the population, and diagnostic tips to ferret them out are given. Vignettes of well-known athletes who have had these problems are included. Each highlights how the lack of diagnostic awareness of mental health issues in the athletic community and the stigma of "mental illness" prevented the athlete from getting treatment sooner.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Autism spectrum disorder: seeing is not understanding.

Impairments in social and emotional skills are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder. Recent research shows that structural and functional abnormalities within the neural system that matches observation and execution of actions--the mirror neuron system--may explain the social aspects of the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Patterns of emotional and behavioural disturbance associated with autistic traits in young people with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours.

Emotional and behavioural disturbance was assessed in 82 individuals with severe intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour using the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II (DASH-II). Levels of disturbance were compared firstly in individuals with and without features of autism as assessed by the DASH-II, and secondly in individuals with varying severities of autism. In both cases levels of ability and overall severity of behaviour disorder were comparable across groups. Individuals with autistic features were found to have significantly higher scores than nonautistic individuals on the DASH-II organic disorder, anxiety, mania, PDD/autism and stereotypies subscales. When participants with autistic features were separated into groups of severe and moderate autism and compared with nonautistic participants, significant effects of group were found for scores on the anxiety, mood, mania, PDD/autism, schizophrenia and stereotypies subscales. Scheffé tests were conducted to further evaluate between-group differences. Item analysis showed seven DASH-II items to have a 30% or more difference between levels of endorsement in autistic and nonautistic individuals, with six further items showing a 20% or greater difference in levels of endorsement. Findings are compared to those from previous research and implications for the conceptualisation of emotional and behavioural disorders in individuals with autism are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The re-invention of residential treatment: an agenda for research and practice.

I am not particularly optimistic about achieving even a few of these mod-est changes absent a more focused and thoughtful discussion on substitute care asa whole. My strong sense is that we must bring the worlds of policy, research, and practice in residential and foster care into much closer proximity so that we can assess what the challenges and strengths are in each domain and chart a course of action for renewal. To do this, we need fresh conceptual thinking on milieu treatment and empirical research. International perspectives on the issue of the proper place of residential care and treatment in an overall service continuum would be helpful in broadening and stimulating limited and typically parochial discussions in the United States. It is hoped that this article and the considerable clinical, administrative, and research expertise reflected by the other contributors in this issue will serve as a catalyst for addressing some of the issues concerning residential treatment. It is an exercise long overdue.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Behaviour disturbance and mental handicap: typology and longitudinal trends.

Behaviour disturbance was investigated in mentally handicapped adults who were living in hospital or at home. The first part of the study describes an empirically derived typology of disturbed behaviour patterns and gives the details of a scale by means of which behaviour disturbance can be quantified along six dimensions: aggression, mood disturbance, communicativeness, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms, and self-injury. The second part of the study used the scale in a longitudinal study of behavioural disturbance. Different forms of disturbed behaviour exhibited different kinds of longitudinal stability, and the long-term changes in one aspect of disturbance depended on subjects' other disturbance scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effectiveness of a parenting skills program for parents of middle school students in small communities.

This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of behaviorally based parenting skills classes provided by carefully trained and supervised group leaders who were not mental health clinicians. A program for parents of at-risk middle school students was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial in 8 small Oregon communities. Parents (N = 303) were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or a wait-list condition. Data were analyzed using latent growth modeling. Participation in the program led to significant improvements in problem-solving interactions as indicated by parent reports and a Taped Situations Test. Parents' over-reactivity and laxness toward their children's behavior were reduced and their feelings toward their children improved significantly as a function of treatment. Parent-reported child antisocial behavior was also reduced.

Adolescent↗