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A reanalysis of the retest reliabilities for the Colored Progressive Matrices indicates Kazlauskaite and Lynn's conclusions (2002) were not accurate.
Shibihara and Kondo in 2002 reported a reanalysis of the 1997 Kanji picture-naming data of Yamazaki, Ellis, Morrison, and Lambon-Ralph in which independent variables were highly correlated. Their addition of the variable visual familiarity altered the previously reported pattern of results, indicating that visual familiarity, but not age of acquisition, was important in predicting Kanji naming speed. The present paper argues that caution should be taken when drawing conclusions from multiple regression analyses in which the independent variables are so highly correlated, as such multicollinearity can lead to unreliable output.
The neglected topic of moral action and the explanations given for such actions, with their shortcomings, are discussed. To avoid these limitations a new model is offered which integrates personal and situational variables, wherein motivation for moral action is the result of the interaction among moral motives, expectations about costs/benefits, and expectations about outcomes for self-evaluation. The numerical values for these variables are defined and support for this model is given through a reanalysis of Kohlberg's stages and some data from other researchers.
An examination of two samples of children seen one year apart at a community mental health service indicated that a significant proportion had also been involved with the child welfare system (44% of the 119-member older sample and 32% of the 160 individuals from the current sample). A reanalysis of the latter sample one year later showed that the caseload overlap had increased to 39%.
In 1993 Adwere-Boamah and Curtis replicated a 1988 study by Violato and Holden of a four-factor model of adolescents' concerns. Employing confirmatory factor analysis, they concluded that the model did not fit the data well. In a reanalysis, it is suggested in the present paper that on the contrary, the results support the original model.
Several studies have not replicated Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky's 1993 finding that 10 minutes of exposure to Mozart piano music temporarily enhanced performance on three spatial reasoning tasks. Later Rauscher and Shaw argued that enhanced performance is unlikely unless three conditions are met. The present study was designed to meet those three conditions. 36 adults were exposed to one of six listening orders and one of six test orders. Listening and test orders had no systematic effect on spatial reasoning performance. A one-factor, repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded no significant difference on spatial reasoning performance after listening to classical music, jazz, or silence. A reanalysis, using only those items most likely to tap spatial reasoning, fell short of significance, and mean scores were in the direction opposite to that hypothesized. These results were inconsistent with studies that have supported a Mozart effect.
Cameron and Cameron's reanalysis of published data in 2002 indicates children being raised in a home environment with at least one homosexual parent report some negative consequences. However, a closer look at the information presented suggests (especially in the absence of control groups) that the negative consequences documented do not constitute major psychological trauma. Rather, they are more in the nature of the teasing and bullying that plagues any child who comes from a home that may be atypical in any fashion.
A reanalysis of data from the Gaudin, Polansky, Kilpatrick, and Shilton 1996 study of 185 low-income families combined information from neglectful families with information from the comparison group. Physical neglect was related to maternal depression, more adult problems, stressful life events, negative family affect, and low social support. Multivariate analyses indicated that a combination of higher maternal education, positive family affect, more supportive services, and fewer stressful life events predicted the provision of adequate physical care among low-income families.
Nicolosi and Byrd in 2002 summarized empirical research on birth order and sexual orientation in men, which research has documented that homosexual men have a later birth order than heterosexual men. They did not, however, note a more refined analysis of an earlier null finding by Siegelman. This 1998 reanalysis by Blanchard, Zucker, Siegelman, Dickey, and Klassen also confirmed the later birth order of homosexual men.
Knight's 2003 analysis of the effect of the WAIS-III instructions on the Matrix Reasoning subtest was based on multiple t tests, which is a violation of conventional statistical procedures. Using this procedure significant differences were found between the group who know the subtest was untimed versus the group which did not know if the subtest was timed or untimed. Reanalysis of the data used three statistical alternatives: (a) Bonferroni correction for all possible t tests, (b) one-way analysis of variance, and (c) selected t tests with the Bonferroni correction. All three analyses yielded nonsignificant differences between means, thereby changing the conclusions of Knight's study.
Stark (2002) demonstrated across 57 nations that men were less likely to report being religiously oriented than were women. He concluded that a physiological difference in risk-taking among younger males might account for disinterest in religion among such males, although he would prefer to explain the gender difference as a consequence of socialization. One socialization hypothesis overlooked by Stark was that Islam as a religion might have been developed, in a small part, as a response to the gender differential observed in earlier religions. Reanalysis of Stark's 2002 data indicates that Islamic nations were more likely to yield smaller gender differences on religious questions, although the effect ranged from p<.06 to a significant p<.005, depending on the method of analysis.
OBJECTIVE: To test the sensitivity and specificity of a clinical case definition of acute intussusception in infants to assist health-care workers in settings where diagnostic facilities are not available. METHODS: Prospective studies were conducted at a major paediatric hospital in Viet Nam (the National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi) from November 2002 to December 2003 and in Australia (the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne) from March 2002 to March 2004 using a clinical case definition of intussusception. Diagnosis of intussusception was confirmed by air enema or surgery and validated in a subset of participants by an independent clinician who was blinded to the participant's status. Sensitivity of the definition was evaluated in 584 infants aged<2 years with suspected intussusception (533 infants in Hanoi; 51 in Melbourne). Specificity was evaluated in 638 infants aged<2 years presenting with clinical features consistent with intussusception but for whom another diagnosis was established (234 infants in Hanoi; 404 in Melbourne). FINDINGS: In both locations the definition used was sensitive (96% sensitivity in Hanoi; 98% in Melbourne) and specific (95% specificity in Hanoi; 87% in Melbourne) for intussusception among infants with sufficient data to allow classification (449/533 in Hanoi; 50/51 in Melbourne). Reanalysis of patients with missing data suggests that modifying minor criteria would increase the applicability of the definition while maintaining good sensitivity (96-97%) and specificity (83-89%). CONCLUSION: The clinical case definition was sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of acute intussusception in infants in both a developing country and a developed country but minor modifications would enable it to be used more widely.
The objectives for the present experiments were to apply sperm sexing technology to an in vitro production system with porcine oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse material. On six experimental days, ovaries were obtained from an abattoir, and cumulus-oocyte-complexes were matured in vitro. Semen was collected from mature boars of proven fertility and was sorted for X-chromosome-bearing sperm, using the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology incorporating the use of high-speed sorting. A total of 5,378 oocytes were submitted for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of these, 559 ova were stained for cytogenetic analysis 18 h after IVF. From the remaining 4,819 ova, 1,595 cleaved, and 1,300 of the cleaved embryos were transferred into 26 synchronized recipients (5 control gilts for unsorted sperm, 21 gilts for X-sorted sperm). In a test of two fertilization media (FERT-A vs FERT-B) higher cleavage rates (P<.05) were obtained when FERT-B was used as a fertilization medium for unsorted (43.4+/-5.1%) and sorted sperm (43.1+/-1.1%;), whereas in FERT-A unsorted sperm gave a cleavage rate of 17.9+/-4.4% and sorted sperm gave 30.4+/-1.4%. Additionally, cleavage rates were higher (P<.05) after fertilization with sorted sperm vs unsorted sperm, independent of fertilization medium. Cytogenetic analysis of ova revealed that more oocytes with unsorted than with sorted sperm remained in Metaphase 2 arrest (P<.05). This was also independent of the fertilization medium. Monospermic fertilization rates were the same for IVF with unsorted or sorted sperm, independent of the fertilization system, except FERT-A with unsorted sperm (P<.05). Polyspermic fertilization rates were highest in FERT-B (37.6+/-6.6). A total of 57 pigs were born from nine litters. Six litters from sexed sperm (X-sorted) produced 33 females (97%) and one male. Three litters from control transfers produced 23 pigs, 11 of which were female (48%). The sex ratio of the offspring was predicted based on the sort reanalysis of the sorted sperm for DNA content.
The Beltsville sperm sexing technology is currently the only effective means of altering the sex ratio of offspring in livestock. The method is based on the flow-cytometric separation of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm based on X/Y DNA content difference. It is an effective means of producing progeny of predetermined sex in cattle, swine, sheep, and laboratory animals. The method involves treating sperm with a DNA-binding fluorochrome, Hoechst 33342, and flow-cytometrically sorting them into separate X and Y populations that can subsequently be used for surgical intratubal or intrauterine insemination, deep-uterine insemination, regular artificial insemination in some cases, in vitro fertilization to produce sexed embryos for transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection of ova. Skewed sex ratios of 85 to 95% of one sex or the other have been repeatably achieved in most species. The method has been used worldwide to produce several hundred morphologically normal animal offspring of the predicted sex. It has also been validated in the laboratory using DNA reanalysis of the sorted sperm populations and by fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR of individual sperm. We developed a new orienting nozzle that we have fitted to both conventional and high-speed cell sorters that have been modified for sperm sorting. Recently we completed the adaptation of the new orienting nozzle to a Cytomation MoFlo high-speed cell sorter modified for sperm. This adaptation of the nozzle has increased the overall production rate of sorted X and Y sperm from about .35 million/h to 5 or 6 million sperm/h (each population). Calves have been born from cows artificially inseminated using conventional technique and sexed sperm. In addition, numerous litters of pigs have been born after transfer of embryos produced from X or Y sorted sperm.
An automatic sleep analysis system using a super mini-computer was developed. The system improved and expanded the data processed by the mini-computer. It had the following features: 1) wave-forms were collected and analyzed at a high speed (reproduced at 10 or 20 times the speed of a data recorder) by an off-line procedure to utilize the computer resources more efficiently; 2) all information and the original wave-forms were output to a laser printer because of the lower cost and more efficient arrangement of the data; 3) various wave-form parameters were measured by wave-form analysis; 4) the application program was based on general-purpose language; and 5) wave-form reanalysis and reconstruction of the logic was easily implemented for automatic evaluation of the sleep stages. Automatic analysis of the sleep stages was impossible for 15 of 1484 periods (20 sec per period) with one of the cases analyzed, and 142 of 1484 periods had to be corrected because of erroneous identification.
The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the incidence of leftward bias for paired organs (hand, foot, eye, and ear) in India (n = 418) and Japan (n = 697), and (b) the incidence of accident amongst individuals with leftward, rightward, and no bias across countries. The impetus for the study was obtained from a speculation that individuals with leftward bias commit more accidents than their counterparts. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire on side bias, along with a check-list on accidents (included in the questionnaire). Results showed that participants from these two countries did not differ in terms of leftwardness for any of these forms of side bias. Left-handers were found to commit more accidents in India but not in Japan. Reanalysis of data in terms of left-, mixed-, and right-handedness indicated that mixed handers committed more accidents than extreme (left- + right-) handers in Japan but not in India.
Recent studies regarding the effects of above average intelligence and neuropsychological performance have been mixed with Dodrill (1977) suggesting that above-average performances on neuropsychological test scores should not be expected when intellectual abilities are above average and Tremont, Hoffman, Scott and Adams (in press) clearly suggesting better neuropsychological skills in the higher IQ group. This paper described a reanalysis of a previously presented Canadian data-set assembled by Pauker (1980) of three hundred and sixty-three persons (152 males, 211 females) who were administered the core tests of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The results were that subjects with higher intelligence had better neuropsychological test score performances except for the Finger Tapping with the dominant hand test.
The interaction of human and bovine alpha-crystallins with bovine lens membranes was evaluated using binding curves and Scatchard plots constructed from scans of SDS-PAGE gels and/or from the association of [14C]-leu alpha-crystallin with the membranes. No differences were observed for total bovine, normal human 19 and 88 year old and cataractous alpha-crystallins. In each case, interaction takes place through two distinct processes, a) a high affinity (Kd = 1 x 10(-8) M) binding with low capacity (25 mg alpha-crystallin/g membrane protein) and b) partitioning (Kp = 0.25 l/g membrane protein). Loss of the high-affinity binding component was observed for bovine nuclear alpha-crystallin. Contrary to previous reports, it is concluded that cataract formation does not affect the ability of human alpha-crystallins to interact with bovine lens membranes. Reanalysis of previously published data supports this conclusion.