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PubMed2005

[Correlation between prevalent and incident osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Beijing male elderly].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between prevalent and incident osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Beijing male elderly. METHODS: Roentgenography of the thoracic and lumber vertebrae (T4-L4) and dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumber spine (L2-4) and proximal femur (neck, greater trochanter, and Ward's triangle) were conducted so as to observe the vertebrae and measure the bone density upon 271 Beijing men, aged 72 +/- 6 (63.1 - 92.7). The subjects were followed up for 3.7 +/- 0.4 years. RESULTS: Prevalent fractures involving 98 vertebrae, mostly T12-L1 and mostly I degrees fracture, occurred in 71 men with an incidence rate of 28.3% (95% CI 22.8% - 34.3%). Incident fracture, mostly T12-L1 and mostly I degrees fracture too, occurred in 8 patients (95% CI 1.4% - 6.2%). The average baseline age of those with incident fracture was 77 +/- 8, significant higher than those of the subjects without fracture (71 +/- 6) and the subjects with only prevalent fractures (72 +/- 5) (both P < 0.05). The body height and weight of the subjects with only prevalent fractures were significantly lower than those of the other 2 groups (P = 0.025 and P = 0.05). However, the body mass index (BMI) was not significantly different among these 3 groups. The bone density values of femur neck and greater trochanter of the group with prevalent fracture but without incident fracture were 0.81 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 and 0.4 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) respectively, both significantly lower than those of the group without fracture (0.85 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) and 0.78 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) respectively, both P < 0.05). The BMI value decreased in the order of the group without fracture, the group with only prevalent fracture, and the group with prevalent and incident fracture. The incidence rate of incident fracture was 7% in the group with prevalent fracture, significantly lower than that in the group without fracture (1.7%, P < 0.05). Among those with prevalent fracture the higher the degree of the prevalent fracture the more cases of incident fracture (P = 0.02). The incidence rate of incident fracture in those with prevalent fracture of 4 vertebrae was 33.3%, higher than those in other 2 groups. Logistic analysis showed that the baseline age and severity of vertebral fracture were closely correlated with incident fracture (OR = 1.229, 95% CI 1.037 - 1.407, and OR = 4.270, 95% CI 1.691 - 19.785). CONCLUSION: As independent of BMI, baseline age and severity of prevalent fracture are closely correlated with incident fracture in Beijing male elderly. Baseline BMI is a strong predictor of fracture risk.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuro-ophthalmological examinations in craniopharyngiomas in childhood].

The results of ophthalmologic examinations of 50 children with craniopharyngiomas are analyzed. The condition was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examinations, roentgenography, angiography, brain scintigraphy, and computer-aided tomography. In 48 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by histologic findings. The mean age of the patients was 9 years 6 months, both boys and girls were included in the study group. Vision acuity deterioration was detected in 69.6% of children, optic disk edema in 22% and atrophic changes of the disk in 52% of the examinees. Vision field defects were revealed in 67.7%, nystagmus in 4 cases, oculomotor nerve paresis in 6 cases. The authors emphasize timely employment of conventional and present-day x-ray examinations, that are highly informative in such conditions, in all the patients with vision disorders of unknown origin and with suspected compression of the visual routes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative diagnosis of esophageal cancer spread.

Results are presented of combined examinations of esophageal cancer patients. Current status and potentialities in preoperative diagnosis of local and metastatic cancer of the esophagus are specified for the following techniques: (1) roentgenological: roentgenoscopy and roentgenography of the esophagus, survey chest X-ray; (2) endoscopic: esophagoscopy and tracheobronchoscopy; (3) X-ray computed tomography (CT): esophageal, chest, hepatic paracardial and retroperitoneal lymph node CT; (4) radionuclide: 67Ca-citrate chest scanning and 99Tc-glucoheptonate scanning of the liver; (5) ultrasound tomography: identification of metastases to paracardial and retroperitoneal lymph nodes and to the liver. The validity of the combined use of the above techniques in preoperative diagnosis of local and metastatic cancer of the esophagus is substantiated, as well as surgical policy based on the information obtained with the above diagnostic examinations.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A complex method for determining age by tooth status using analog computers].

Combination of roentgenography with direct image magnification and its analysis by medical iconics methods increase significantly possibility of age determination by teeth status (prediction accuracy by upper canine tooth is 99.8% +/- 0.81 year). Adaptive character of change in teeth density over the period of their functioning was detected. Integrative metric index--age metric index--is an objective criterion of age status of a tooth.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis of chronic duodenal obstruction].

Arteriomesenterial compression (AMC) of a low-horizontal part of the duodenum is one of the causes of chronic duodenal obstruction (CDO). The degree of compression of this part of the duodenum was studied in 82 patients with CDO. It was revealed that distance between the aorta and superior mesenterial artery (SMA) on the level of low-horizontal part of the duodenum was less than 20 mm in the majority of cases. When this distance is 20 mm or less the duodenum is compressed by SMA and looks like sand-glass. If the distance between the aorta and SMA is 10 mm and less, delay of contrast in the middle third of a low-horizontal part of the duodenum during roentgenography is an obligate symptom. In AMC 10-20 mm this phenomenon is diagnosed less frequently. In AMC 20 mm and less endoscopy demonstrates symptoms of CDO in the majority of cases. There were no intraoperative subjective symptoms of AMC.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia complicated by acute purulent destruction in persons having risk factors].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of development of aspiration pneumonia (AP) complicated by acute purulent pulmonary destruction (APPD) and to optimize approaches to its diagnosis, by examining the clinical picture and features of its development in patients having risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 431 patients with purulent pulmonary diseases, including 314 (72.8%) patients with abscessed pneumonia and 117 (27.2%) with lung abscesses. The aspiration mechanism of development of the diseases was established in 96 (22.3%) of the 431 patients. The patients' age ranged from 38 to 73 years. There were 87 males and 9 females. The episodes of massive aspiration of the contents of the stomach [45 (46.9%)], and oropharynx [15 (15.6%] and those of foreign body aspiration [36 (37.5%)] were analyzed. RESULTS: The aspiration mechanism of development of the diseases was established in 96 (22%) of the 431 patients with APPD, which accounted for 22.3%. Alcoholic disease was the underlying background disease in most (89.85%) patients, which permits alcoholism to be considered to be one of the major risk factors of the aspiration syndrome. Aspiration with the gastric food contents from the oral cavity was predominant, which makes it possible to consider dysphagia to be one of the most potent predictors of AP. Foreign body aspiration was established in 36 patients, among them 17 patients were found to have aspiration of fragments of teeth, dental fillings, and dentures. The aspiration mechanism of the disease was supported by history data, as established a documented episode of aspiration, by clinical, X-ray (esophageal and gastric roentgenoscopy and roentgenography) and endoscopic (fibrobronchoscopy, esophagogastroscopy) findings, as well as by the conclusions of an ENT specialist, a dentist, a neurologist, a narcological psychiatrist. The algorithm of the pathogenesis of AP and purulent lung diseases was proposed. CONCLUSION: Chronic alcoholism associated with peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and hepatic lesion (hepatitis/cirrhosis) is the most important predictor of AP and APPD. Complex clinical and X-ray examination including fibrobronchoscopy, esophagogastroscopy, 24-hour gastric juice pH-metry, and consultations of particular specialists are indicated to support the fact of aspiration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Imaging in isolated pulmonary immunocytoma].

A extranodal pulmonary immunocytoma that originated from the lung is reported. It was hidden behind the picture of a mid-lobe syndrome at repeated imaging controls over a 1.5-year period. In the further course a local progression occurred displayed by roentgenography and computer tomography including calcifications within the pulmonary tumor. A newly developing monoclonal gammopathy was detected by immunoelectrophoresis at the same time. Bronchopulmonary symptoms due to the tumor did not exist. After local resection of the lymphoma monoclonal gammopathy disappeared. However, a recurrence of monoclonal gammopathy developed after eight months.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Current assessment of spinal degenerative disease with magnetic resonance imaging.

Radiography (plain roentgenography, myelography, computed tomography (CT), computed tomographic myelography) has been used to identify morphologic changes involving the various components of the diskovertebral unit. Added to this armamentarium of imaging techniques is magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with its superior ability to define anatomy, its improved contrast sensitivity, and its potential to provide unique biochemical and physiologic information. The authors review the current use of MR imaging in defining degenerative changes in the spine including the various patterns of herniation, annular tears, canal stenosis, and the use of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid for previously unoperated and operated patients. Prospective studies have compared surface-coil MR imaging, CT, and myelography in the evaluation of disk herniation and stenosis and found an 82.6% accuracy between MR imaging and surgical findings for the type and location of the disease. Recent experience with precontrast and postcontrast MR imaging in the postoperative lumbar spine indicated that it was 96% accurate in differentiating scar from disk in 44 patients at 50 reoperated levels. Three-dimensional imaging is, more and more, becoming an integral part of routine MR imaging. The theoretical and practical advantages of three-dimensional imaging are several and include a theoretical increase in the signal-to-noise ratio over two-dimensional imaging (by the square root of the number of partitions selected), the ability to obtain thin contiguous slices from the volume without the problem of cross-talk found in two-dimensional imaging, more accurate slice thickness than that achieved in two-dimensional imaging, and a reduction in susceptibility artifacts. Different three-dimensional techniques are capable of providing either high or low signal intensity cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with excellent suppression of CSF pulsation artifacts. Certain sequences provide a high enough signal intensity that a computer algorithm may be used to display the CSF in a rotating three-dimensional manner, similar to a myelogram. This three-dimensional myelographic image has the potential of providing the clinician with a global assessment of the CSF spaces, an advantage previously lacking with other imaging techniques.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1979

[Computer-Cardiotomography (author's transl)].

Based on our first 200 investigations computed tomography of the heart is demonstrated as a new non-invasive roentgenography on typical examples and compared with the findings of the conventional roentgenogram. With the present technology the following indications for computed tomography of the heart seem to be reasonable: Calculation of size and volume of the cavities of the heart; intracavitary space occupying lesions (tumor, thrombus): demonstration of the thickness of the ventricular wall and ventricular septum and their changes caused by hypertrophy, myocardial infarction or septal defect; demonstration of aortic and ventricular aneurysm; demonstration of pericardial effusion, pericardial tumor, pericardial cyst of lipoma.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed2005

[Repair of bone defect with allograft demineralized bone containing basic fibroblast growth factor in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of inductive osteogenesis of allograft demineralized bone containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/ALB) in repairing bone defect. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (groups A,B,C and D, n=8). A segmental bone defect of 15 mm in length was made on the bilateral radius respectively and the defects filled with ALB/bFGF in group A, with ALB in group B, with bFGF in group C and without any materials in group D serving as blank control. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after operation, all restored bones were evaluated by roentgenography, histological observation and Ca2+ detection of osteotylus. RESULTS: The X-ray films showed that groups A and B had a little shadow of bone formation at 2 weeks, while groups C and D had transparent shadow; that group A had denser shadow and new bone formation at 4 weeks and 6 weeks, groups B and C had a little increase of shadow and group D had little shadow at fractured ends; and that group A had formation of bone bridge at 8 weeks, the new formed bone in fractured ends of group B closed with each other, the gap still existed in group C, and the defects filled with the soft tissue in group D. The Ca2+ content of group A was higher than that of groups B, C and D at 4 weeks (P<0.05) and 8 weeks (P<0.01). The histological observation showed that the degree of bone restoration of group A was superior to that of groups B, C and D. CONCLUSION: bFGF/ALB is a good material to improve bone restoration.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of vascular endothelial cell growth factor on repair of bone defect with cortical bone allograft].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) on repair of bone defect with cortical bone allograft. METHODS: Forty five New Zealand white rabbits, weighted 2.5-3.0 kg, were made bone defect model of 1.5 cm in length in the bilateral radii and then were randomly divided into 3 groups. The defect was repaired with only cortical bone allograft in the control group, with the cortical bone allograft and local injection of human recombinant VEGF in the experimental group, and with the cortical bone allograft and abdominal injection of VEGF PAb3 in the antagonist group. Roentgenography, immunohistochemical staining and tetracycline labelling were carried out to evaluate the reparative results 1, 3, 5, 8 and 16 weeks after operation. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining results showed that a great deal of blood vessels formed in the experimental group, and the number of blood vessels increased gradually with the time and reached the highest value at the 8th week. Tetracycline labelling showed the same result. The best results in callus formation, ossification rate and count of microvascular density were shown in the experimental group, while those in the control group were significantly better than those in the antagonist group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at the 8th week and the 16th week (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: VEGF can accelerates the bone formation and angiogenesis in the bone allografts, thus it can promote the repair of bone defects.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Experimental study on the reconstruction of bone defects in vivo and the osteoinduction with degradation products of alpha-tricalcium phosphate cements in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to clarify the characteristics of alpha-tricalcium phosphate cements in reconstructing bone defects and the action of degradation products of cements in vitro. METHODS: The defect (diameter 1.5 cm) was created in the calvaria of rabbit. Alpha-tricalcium phosphate cements were planted in the treatment groups. All groups were observed by histological examination and roentgenography. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSc) were cultured in the degradation products of cements in vitro, and were observed by means of cytology and ALP. RESULTS: Degradation of artificial bone, new bone formation, and osteogenesis between artificial bone particles were observed at 12 weeks after implantation. Osteoinduction was observed in vitro. CONCLUSION: Alpha-tricalcium phosphate cements have good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and degradability, and are ideal bone substitute material for reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[A case of successful treatment by low-dose 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for liver metastases of esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma].

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus is an uncommon type of esophageal tumor. In the present case, a 54-year-old man without symptoms was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, based on endoscopic examination of a biopsy specimen. Endoscopy and barium roentgenography revealed a superficial plateau-type lesion, 2 cm in length, in the lower esophagus. Esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed via a right thoraco-abdominal approach. The histological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis. Three years after the surgery, multiple liver metastases were detected by computed tomography. The patient was treated with a combination of low-dose 5-fluorouracil(350 mg/body/day) and low-dose cisplatin (7 mg/body/day). Because the first course of chemotherapy was very effective and the number of liver metastases was reduced,a further 6 courses were administered. After 6 courses of chemotherapy, no liver metastases were detected. Based on the present findings, we recommend low-dose 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin therapy for liver metastasis from esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical value of contrast-less mammography in endocrine diseases].

The authors analyze the X-ray picture of the changes occurring in the mammary glands in women with various endocrine diseases and in men with gynecomastia. Contrastless mammagraphy was carried out in 189 persons. In studying the mammagrams in patients with endocrine diseases assessment was made of the state of the subcutaneous-adipose cellular tissue, total dimensions of the organ. The majority of the endocrine diseases were accompanied at the initial stages of their development by changes in the endocrine gland, this serving as a direct indication for the use of contrastless roentgenography for the purpose of earlier and proper choice of the therapeutic method.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Surgical aspects in the treatment of patients with testicular cancer.

We sit at a crossroads in the therapeutic treatment of patients with low-stage testicular cancer. The luxury of effective chemotherapy has allowed achievement of virtually 100% survival rates in patients with low-stage testicular cancer. The goal of urologists and oncologists in concert should be to minimize the long-term morbidity and to reduce the amount of therapy necessary to achieve these high survival rates. Patients with a low risk of lymphatic or disseminated metastases, such as those with low-stage tumors, without vascular invasion and with favorable histologic features (teratoma), are clearly candidates for observation protocols to be carried out in well-defined centers. It should be emphasized, however, that observation needs to be an active surveillance program for a minimum of 2 to 3 years after orchiectomy, with frequent chest roentgenography, tumor marker studies, and CT scanning. In the majority of patients with low-stage tumors, however, modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection allows definitive staging, thus allowing treatment with a lesser amount of chemotherapy. Patients with bulky stage II disease require chemotherapy in hopes of avoiding the need for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. In the group of patients with stage II disease with minimal retroperitoneal involvement (less than 3 cm in maximal diameter, stage IIA), approximately half of the patients can be treated by surgical approaches alone, although half will require postoperative chemotherapy. Testicular cancer at this time is one of the most successfully treated solid tumors. Although diagnostic tools are available, successful diagnosis still relies upon suspicion and physical findings. Staging techniques have improved but still have vast limitations, especially in patients with low-stage disease. By careful application of multimodal therapy, long-term survival and cure are likely in the majority of patients. Continued long-term observation is necessary, however, especially in patients with residual teratoma that has been resected. As we look to the 1990s, emphasis can be placed on finding less morbid treatments yet still maintaining the high success rates enjoyed in the treatment of this once nearly uniformly fatal tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Strategy of treatment of patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax: is active surgical treatment necessary?].

The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in treatment of bullous disease as the most frequent cause of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax was 55.5%, while that of roentgenography was 16%. The recovery of patients with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax treated by active surgical measures takes place in 85% of cases, while with drainage of the pleural cavity--in 65%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia combined with lung and brain invasive aspergillosis].

This study was aimed to investigate the clinical features and therapy of Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL) combined with invasive aspergillosis. A series of examination, including routine blood and bone marrow picture analysis, chest roentgenography, cranial computerized tomography and detection of cell genetics etc were carried out for a Ph(+)ALL patient combined with invasive aspergillosis. This patient received chemotherapy with DVCP, idarubicin and imatinib mesylate and was treated with sporanox and amphotericin B (Amb; including Amb-L) and cerebrotomy for drainage because the invasive aspergillosis occurred during myelosuppression. The results showed that patient gained complete remission and the invasive aspergillosis was controlled successfully. It is concluded that patient with Ph(+)ALL has poor prognosis despite intensive conventional chemotherapy, imatinib mesylate may prove to be an effective treatment for Ph(+)ALL. Because detection rate of the fungus is very low, itraconazole in combination with surgical excision of focus is the best treatment of lung and brain invasive aspergillosis.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1991

Cystic hamartoma of the lung: report of two cases.

Two cases of cystic pulmonary hamartoma are reported with the clinical, roentgenographic and histopathologic findings. Both patients were asymptomatic, and the lesions were discovered on routine chest roentgenography. Physical examination and laboratory data revealed no significant abnormal findings, but CT scans of the chest showed cystic change in both lesions. The histopathologic pictures of the lesions were characterized by a composition of glandular bronchiolar structures lined with ciliated cuboid epithelium and fibrous connective tissue. One case demonstrated interlacing, communicating bands and whorls of smooth spindle muscle cells with elongated nuclei and rounded blunt ends. Neither the epithelial, nor muscular fibrous tissue elements exhibited any degree of anaplasia. The two patients were followed up for 10 months and 3 years, respectively. They both showed no signs of recurrence or distant metastasis.

Adult↗