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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Sleep among habitually violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the subjective and objective sleep and sleep quality in habitually violent offenders with DSM-IV diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder using a sleep questionnaire, actigraphy, polysomnography and power spectral analysis. Subjects for the study were 19 drug-free males (mean age +/- SEM 30.7 +/- 2.58 years) recruited from a forensic psychiatric examination in a special ward of a university psychiatric hospital. The most striking finding was the high amount of slow-wave sleep, particularly the deepest S4 stage (17% as compared with 6% in healthy controls), in males with antisocial personality disorder. Moreover, in the spectral power analysis, both the delta and the theta power were significantly elevated. Whether this increase in persons with antisocial personality disorder reflects a specific brain pathology, or a delay in the normal development of sleep patterns in the course of ageing needs to be clarified with further experiments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hyperthymic disorders].

Hyperthymia, as referring to the book by J. Delay: "les dérèglements de l'humeur" (1946), means from a clinical point of view, an exaggeration of the level of mood, as well on the one hand, expansive and joyful, as, on the other hand, distressing, within a withdrawn self. K. Schneider had described an hyperthymic personality in 1923: optimist, dynamic, taking initiatives, or more simply hypomanic. He opposed this type of personality to depressive personality types. Delay unified these two pathologic evolutions within a physiopathological and psychopathological unique concept. Conversely, H. Ey denied this unique affective conceptualization of the disease. From his physiopathologic jacksonian point of view, a certain level of destruction of consciousness explains, solely, both affective and noetic disorganization of these so called hyperthymias. Since the early eighties, Angst, Akiskal, Cassano, brought up to date the adjective hyperthymic. They assessed the correlation between premorbid personality disorder and mood disorder: a number of bipolar disorders are linked with premorbid hyperthymic disorders. This was the K. Schneider' position who linked traits and states, as Kraepelin did for the manic premorbid disposition. Choosing a dimensional approach, one question has to be asked: can hyperthymia be found as a previous personality trait of different other diseases? An anxious hyperthymia can be found linked to some panic attacks and other neurotic symptoms. A delusional hyperthymia is described by Janzarik who thinks that delusional ideas are linked to a kind of delusional mood. G. Petit, in 1933, subsumed the existence of a paranoid hyperthymia within the more general concept of the passional psychoses described by de Clérambault, Delmas and Borel.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Physiologic and pathologic tremors. Diagnosis, mechanism, and management.

Tremor, the commonest of the involuntary movement disorders, is characterized by rhythmical oscillatory movement that occurs at rest or during activity; all tremors cease during sleep. Physiologic tremor is present in normal persons and is asymptomatic. Tremor is considered pathologic when it impairs a patient's function. Clinically, the pathologic tremors may be classified as accentuated physiologic, parkinsonian, essential, and cerebellar. We review here the basic mechanisms and clinical features of various tremors and emphasize recent advances in pathophysiology and management.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed2000

[The mechanisms of insulin resistance during hyperthermia].

Consideration is given to the possibility and mechanisms of insulin resistance as a function of human tolerance to hyperthermia. Poor tolerance of hyperthermia was observed in persons with initially altered metabolism. Administration of sugar test by these persons revealed high levels of insulin incretion and low insulin reactivity of tissues or insulin resistance. Negative effects of extended period of hyperthermia that may bring about pathologic pancreatic changes even in essentially healthy persons are reviewed. Following LCE and rehabilitative therapy, 60% of aviators were medically certified without change in fitness category.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Factors associated with multiple hospitalizations of patients with borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The study sought to identify aspects of borderline personality disorder and comorbid axis I conditions associated with multiple hospitalizations in a sample of patients with borderline personality disorder. METHODS: Data were collected as part of a larger study of treatment course of inpatients with this disorder. Predictors of multiple hospitalization from three domains were considered: demographic characteristics, criteria of borderline personality disorder, and comorbid axis I pathology. A sequential model-building strategy was used, with each domain considered separately and result combined into an overall regression model of factors related to multiple hospitalization. RESULTS: Three factors were related to frequency of hospitalization: anorexia, psychotic symptoms, and suicidality. Other variables that are often assumed to be related to hospitalization, such as depression, did not emerge as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should intervene early to address the emergence of certain axis I conditions among patients with borderline personality disorder. Increased expenditure of outpatient resources may prevent hospitalization when these conditions are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The phenomenology of religious psychopathology.

Patients with firmly established belief systems frequently enter analysis. The analyst must determine the extent to which neurotic and therefore analyzable components are involved in the patient's beliefs as such, as opposed to how the beliefs are embraced and adhered to as expressions of personal neurotic symptom formation or character pathology. The author discusses typical patterns of neurotic religious involvement as they are expressed clinically in hysterical, obsessional, depressive-masochistic, narcissistic, and paranoid modes and styles. He illustrates the manifestations of these patterns with clinical examples drawn from psychoanalytic experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Fronto-striatal correlations in normal and pathologic aging of the human brain].

In psychically healthy persons of three age groups (30-40, 50-60, 80-90 years), as well as in those suffering from Alzheimer's disease (50-60 years) right and left hemispheres formations, including into a single functional system (fields 8, 10, 47 and the nucleus caudatus) have been investigated. Using the series of frontal paraffin sections 20 mcm thick, stained after Nissl and Bielschowsky methods, cyto-glioarchitectonics and neuronal composition of the structures mentioned have been studied. In 0.001 mm3 of the brain substance, in cortical layers II and V and in the nucleus caudatus head density of neurons, perineuronal glia, neurons with lipofuscin, size of the neurons have been calculated. Various degree of manifestation of morphological changes is revealed in different stages of the single functional system. These changes are directly proportional to the organizational level of the structures studied and depend on the stage of the process, on accompanying diseases and individual peculiarities of the person. They are more intensive in the frontal fields and weaker in the nucleus caudatus. At Alzheimer's disease they are more distinct in the associative fields 10 and 47, at normal ageing--in the motor structures--in the field 8 and then in the nucleus caudatus. Spreading of the pathological process occurs with a predominant damage of neurons of cholinergic origin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans.

Trichomonas vaginalis may be emerging as one of the most important cofactors in amplifying HIV transmission, particularly in African-American communities of the United States. In a person co-infected with HIV, the pathology induced by T. vaginalis infection can increase HIV shedding. Trichomonas infection may also act to expand the portal of entry for HIV in an HIV-negative person. Studies from Africa have suggested that T. vaginalis infection may increase the rate of HIV transmission by approximately twofold. Available data indicate that T. vaginalis is highly prevalent among African-Americans in major urban centers of the United States and is often the most common sexually transmitted infection in black women. Even if T. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by a small amount, this could translate into an important amplifying effect since Trichomonas is so common. Substantial HIV transmission may be attributable to T. vaginalis in African-American communities of the United States.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

[Use of argon coagulation in laryngology--personal experience].

In order to remove or destroy pathological changes of mucosa or control of bleeding in upper respiratory tract or in upper part of alimentary tract there are used various surgical technics including: electrocoaggulation, cryotherapy, laser-therapy. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) makes a new operative technique which is based on physical phenomenon of high frequency electric current flow through ionized argon plasma. There are several advantages of APC i.e.: no contact between applicator and tissue, no carbonization effect, possibility to control the application, large surface treatment. Authors present their own research in APC usage at 42 patients (age average 38.2, women 16, men 26). Estimating preliminary results of treatment APC can be described as an advantageous treatment method of nasal concha hypertrophy, nose bleeding (including Osler disease), nasal cavity polyps and pappilomas removal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myogenic stromal tumors of the stomach: personal experience].

Myogenic gastric tumours are a rare pathology and present difficulties in terms of nosographic classification, which in most cases can be overcome thanks to improvements in imaging and immunohistochemical techniques. Over the period 1995-1999 we observed 5 patients with aspecific dyspeptic symptoms and occasional epigastric pain, suffering from non-epithelial gastric tumours, associated, in one case, with a carcinoma of the stomach. Histological examination of endoscopic biopsies was inconclusive for a definite histopathological diagnosis, while intraoperative biopsies showed the myogenic origin and the absence of morphostructural abnormalities. In the light of these data, we performed three wedge resections, one distal gastric resection and, in the patient with advanced gastric cancer, a D3 total gastrectomy. Histological examination, immunohistochemistry and cytofluorometry enabled us to diagnose stromal tumours with a low risk of malignancy in all cases. At follow-up after 9-54 months all patients are still alive and free of disease. Though the preoperative diagnosis of stromal tumours is possible with endosonography and CT, only histology, immunohistochemistry and cytofluorometry enable us to define the condition nosographically and establish a prognosis with sufficient accuracy to allow correct surgical treatment. A prolonged follow-up is always necessary to identify eventual relapses and/or metastases, which are particularly frequent in the borderline group or in cases with a high risk of malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Contrast radiographic study of ductal pathology of the breast].

On the basis of personal experience, the possibility and the limits of galactography are discussed. Galactography has been used by the authors in any cases of discharge from the nipple, and has shown to be the only radiological examination able to discover intraductal tumours. Furthermore it allows to establish the site and extension of the lesions. Among the limits of the method the impossibility to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions is stressed out.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1998

Anorectal pathology in AIDS.

Anorectal complaints are common in persons with AIDS and are being seen increasingly because advances in therapy for HIV, such as the new antiretroviral protease inhibitors, have resulted in longer life expectancy for those with HIV infection. In the past, many patients with HIV infection were seen at referral centers; now, however, primary care physicians as well as gastroenterologists and surgeons in the community are managing and caring for these patients. For this reason, it is important for clinicians to recognize the spectrum of anorectal disease in patients with AIDS, as well as its appropriate evaluation and management.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

Intraoperative pathology consultation for kidney and urinary bladder specimens.

CONTEXT: Intraoperative pathology consultation for kidney and urinary bladder specimens is relatively infrequent. Scant literature is devoted to this topic. OBJECTIVE: The clinical indications and diagnostic usefulness and pitfalls of intraoperative pathology consultation of kidney and urinary bladder specimens will be reviewed, based on literature and personally encountered cases. DATA SOURCES: The indications for intraoperative pathology consultation for renal lesions included (1) surgical margins in partial nephrectomy specimens, (2) solid renal mass in unusual clinical or radiologic settings, (3) synchronous renal and extrarenal masses, (4) cystic renal lesions, (5) ureteral surgical margin for transitional cell carcinoma, (6) multiple renal masses, (7) solid mass in a diffusely cystic kidney, and (8) evaluation of renal injury. The indications for urinary bladder included (1) status of the surgical margins, (2) diagnosis of bladder tumor biopsy, (3) diagnosis of extravesical tumors with vesical extension, (4) diagnosis of extravesical mass, including pelvic lymph nodes encountered during cystectomy, and (5) status of bladder neck margin during radical prostatectomy for cancer. The frequent problematic areas for the kidney included misdiagnosis or incorrect classification of cystic tumors or spindle cell tumors, and confusion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with inflammatory lesions. The problematic areas for urinary bladder included the differential diagnoses of high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ with reactive changes at the ureteral or urethral surgical margins. CONCLUSIONS: Distinctive indications and diagnostic pitfalls are recognized for intraoperative consultation of renal or urinary bladder lesions. Awareness of the pertinent problems should improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate the proper management of these lesions.

Frozen Sections↗
PubMed1991

Developmentally based personality assessment of adults with mental retardation.

Difficulties in assessing emotional and personality disturbances in adults with mental retardation were discussed and an evaluation method overcoming some of these problems presented. Overshadowing, inappropriate equation of emotional symptoms with cognitive limitations, and failure to adjust for the differing functioning levels among persons with mental retardation when judging pathology were cited as reasons to include a specific developmental factor in assessing this group. Projective tests were cited in the literature as being effective techniques, and an apperceptive technique originally intended for use with children was presented as a means of adding the needed developmental factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Nyctohemeral changes of blood pressure. Diagnostic and prognostic value].

The blood pressure shows circadian variation in normal subjects with higher diurnal than nocturnal values: the difference between day and night time blood pressure is about 10-20 mmHg for systolic and for diastolic blood pressure. These variations are mainly related to physical and/or psychosensorial stress: the physician is himself a cause of increased blood pressure (the "white coat" effect). The degree of the nocturnal decrease in blood pressure which is maximal 2 and 3 o'clock is related to the quality and depth of sleep. The nocturnal decrease is followed by an increase in blood pressure when the person wakes up (early morning peak). Diagnostic signs: a physiological inversion of the circadian rhythm may be observed in people who sleep during the daytime and work at night. There would seem to be less of a nocturnal fall in black persons in the United States. Some pathological conditions can inverse or at least disturb the ciacadian variation: apart from hypertension, this has been reported in autonomic nervous system disease, in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy in some elderly patients, in Cushing's syndrome, after cardiac transplantation, etc... In hypertensives, the lack of nocturnal decrease of the blood pressure or an inversion in circadian rhythm should be looked for in severe and secondary hypertension such as associated with pheochromocytoma, or in renal dialysis patients. In toxaemia of pregnancy, this abnormality may herald an eclamptic crisis. Prognostic signs: in normotensives (especially in black persons) and hypertensives, inversion of the circadian rhythm is associated with more severe left ventricular hypertrophy and a higher morbidity.

Adult↗