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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Addressing ethical issues in geriatrics and long-term care: ethics education at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care.

An innovative program in ethics education exists at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. This program can serve as a helpful model for long-term care and geriatric care facilities seeking to implement formal training programs in bioethics. Various aspects of the ethics education program are examined. In addition to describing the role of the ethics committee and research ethics board, consideration is given to case consultations, ethics rounds, the training of junior physicians and medical students, grand rounds and the planning of conferences and guest lectures. With regard to educational content in bioethics, health law, professional guidelines and the principlist approach of Beauchamp and Childress are used to explore the ethical dimensions of particular cases. Given the clinical context of the educational initiatives, the pedagogical approach is predominately case-based. While the bioethics literature emphasizes the patient-physician relationship, ethics education at Baycrest recognizes the importance of multiple professions. Physicians, nurses, social workers, speech pathologists, nutritionists and other health care providers are involved in ethical deliberation and education.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Emerging distance degree programs.

The variation in program focus and style is examined in this column, which also identifies resources for evaluation. The integration of Web-based or other distance modality materials to conventional courses, and the expansion of traditional universities to include a virtual campus, should proceed with caution and systematic evaluation. It is an evolution that offers both rewards and pitfalls, but requires more rigorous examination. This article provides information about pedagogical issues and additional distance-education master's degree programs. Some are new, while others are established.

Education, Distance↗
PubMed2000

Neglected aspects of the learning process.

While many health care professionals are aware of basic principles of learning, the hurried health provider too often neglects essential pedagogical components that could facilitate learning. This article focuses on frequently neglected aspects of learning that can be used by the materials management department manager to maximize the learning process and ultimately optimize efficiency.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of biochemistry in the Biology Department of Kharkhov State University. Formation of a new direction--physiology and biochemistry of aging].

The article presents some data on teaching Biochemistry at the Nature Department of Kharkiv Imperial University Physico-Mathematical Faculty, as well as restoration of biochemical education and scientific researches as a result of the University reorganization in the Soviet period and foundation of the Biochemistry Chair at the Biological Faculty in the renovated Kharkiv State University. The analysis of scientific biochemical investigations conducted in the Kharkiv University till now is revealed. The special attention is paid to development of such a scientific trend as age physiology and biochemistry. The article deals with the comprehensive information on scientific and pedagogical activity of the outstanding scientists such as O. V. Nagorny and I. M. Bulankin as founders of the Kharkiv school of age physiology and biochemistry. The work has utilized some archive data.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of child's cognitive development in transition to schooling].

Intensive maturation of arbitrary attention occurs in the making of higher mental functions in children in transition to schooling. The study has yielded standard indices of changes in some higher mental functions at the age of 6-8 years, which makes it possible to make a timely objective diagnosis in mental and neurological practice to predict the child's development, and to provide a required complex of medical and pedagogical corrective measures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

International health services management education: an overview of major efforts and lessons learned during the 1990s.

In this paper, the authors examine select major pedagogical and methodological issues concerning health care management executive training and academic program development in the former Soviet sphere of influence during the 1990s. Experience from programs offered during the 1990s has direct implications for the continued development of health care management programs and faculty in the United States. In essence, each of the nations that were involved represented an experimental setting for the introduction and improvement of management skills in the health care sector and the development of professional health care managers. Evaluative findings should help to inform future efforts to construct and deliver effective international and domestic management educational programs.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed1999

[50 years' of the Institute of Sports Medicine at the Charles University Medical School on the 650th anniversary of its founding].

In an agreeable shadow of the great 650th anniversary of Charles University foundation (1348-1998), arising of the first Institute of Sports Medicine round the world on Medical Faculty in Prague (1948-1998) was commemorated by scientific session. Since J. E. Purkynĕ (1850) have gone idea of favourable effect of body training for human health by representatives of Prague Medical Faculty, till Doctor J. Král, who started lectures for medical students in this discipline in 1933. Rise of Institute of Sports Medicine was approved in 1934, but its realization thanks to Professor Král, was performed after 2nd World War in 1948. From the beginning, students have lectures within the framework of daily study of whole wide of the branche, including practical exercises and closing examine. First text book of sports medicine and first book about clinic in sports medicine was written (J. Král). Members of Institute lectured on many foreign universities and scientific congresses and published more than 2,500 scientific works, some of them have world priority. For example first wireless transmission of heart frequency (V. Seliger, V. Kruta), cardiologic observations during big sports load (J. Král, Z. Hornof), discoveries at biochemical laboratory (J. Král, A. Zenísek), at medical functional anthropologic laboratory (V. Novotný), introducing of remedial exercises in clinical practice (L. Schmid, M. Zintlová, J. Chrástek) etc. In the set out choice of literary citation it is put on only fragment of publications which document scientific activity of jubileeing Institute. For period of duration of Institute more than hundred thousand patients were examined--both sportives and non-sportives, young and old. Contemporary trend goes from classic care about sportsmen towards preventive medicine. Attention is focused first of all to testing of middle aged and older patients in sense of prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and indication for specific movement load. In 650 years history of pedagogic and scientific success of Charles University, 50-year activity of Institute of Sports Medicine means only tiny part. In view of healthy risks, which brings modern life style and in view of worsening of environment, an important task stand before the discipline with new prevention conception.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed2000

[Poisoning by organophosphate insecticides. Epidemiology and prevention].

In an agrarian environment, exposure to anticholinesterasic insecticides is a potential health problem. Acute or chronic intoxication may cause serious health problems due to its frequency or its severity. Extremadura is, as are other Spanish autonomous regions, mainly a rural environment which means that this problems carries special relevance there. In this article, the authors evaluate the number of cases of intoxication, the validity of the measures taken, and they describe the pedagogical programs which exist dealing with this problem. They review the physiopathological causes of this intoxication, its symptoms and its treatment. The authors reveal the results obtained from a questionnaire given to a group of Extremaduran farmers. Furthermore, the authors provide information to health professionals responsible for the treatment and prevention of this intoxication; the authors consider health education, especially in an agrarian environment, to be one of the most important action plans in order to prevent this intoxication and to reduce its mortality and chronic manifestations due to exposure to these agents.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Social rehabilitation of patients with severe visual impairment].

The author presents basic information about types of social rehabilitation of subjects with severely impaired eyesight in the Czech Republic. Rehabilitation is provided by Centres for early care, special schools, special pedagogical centres, Tyfloservis (to which special attention is devoted) and other centres of the Czech Blind United incl. contacts. A component of the paper is the whole list of all centers of social rehabilitation of the blind including contact. The aim of my paper is to summarize all the basic information concerning social rehabilitation of blind and people with impaired vision and to help ophthalmologists and their patients with impaired vision to get touch with concrete institute follow-up care.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A graphic framework for teaching critical appraisal of randomized controlled trials.

Students of evidence-based medicine often try unsuccessfully to commit to memory a particular critical appraisal framework (often lengthy), or they have to depend on pocket cards and are lost without them. We have described a pedagogic aid: a flow diagram of an RCT, which has been developed over years of teaching residents. This diagram focuses on the steps in an RCT, and by drawing arrows, it highlights the biases possible at each step. This diagram serves as a framework on which the list of critical appraisal questions can be hung and is easy to remember.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of children's neuropsychological syndromes].

INTRODUCTION: A new instrument of neuropsychological assessment, the Luria Neuropsychological Diagnostic Battery, has recently become available in Spain. This battery is based on a revision of the Luria Neuropsychological Diagnostic (Christensen, 1975) and has been standardized by Manga and Ramos (1991) to be used with children from 7 through 10 years old. DEVELOPMENT: This battery will be very useful for the neuropsychological evaluation of learning disabled and brain damaged children because profiles obtained based on it can be used to organize the treatment program based on the strengths and weaknesses of the child. A programme of psychological and pedagogical individualized intervention must start from a comprehensive evaluation, from an evaluation of the children as a whole person. The aim of our research is to produce several intervention (rehabilitation) principles for children with brain dysfunction, brain damaged and others clinical disorders, arose from neuropsychological assessment and from research works of psychological processes. We have realized clinical research with developmental dyslexic children, hyperactive children and epileptic children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

[Development of the concept of evaluation in educational programmes].

The term evaluation has only recently found its place in educational terminology, in Poland. As in other domains, it has now become established, but even today there are studies in which such terms as control or assessment of teaching, without mentioning evaluation, are used. In the leading Polish education dictionary by Okon from 1984, there is no entry under evaluation. However, the concept of educational evaluation has been taken up in many pedagogic works by the 1990. The precise functions, the object of evaluation and the information needed should be well defined with respect to the evaluated programme. A ISO the criteria must be spelled out and the values of the planners and of the consumers ought to be concordant. This paper attempts to show the trends and the developing concepts in educational evaluation and their significant at the time of Poland's accession to the European Union.

Education↗
PubMed2001

[Drug treatment of school children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder].

BACKGROUND: The use of stimulants in the treatment of AD/HD has increased dramatically over the last twenty years. We wanted to assess the prevalence of students treated with stimulants in the elementary schools in the city of Trondheim, Norway. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty of 53 schools (94%), representing 16,141 students, answered two questionnaires. Mentally retarded, autistic and otherwise severely handicapped students attending special groups or schools, were excluded. RESULTS: In all, 57 students (3.5 per 1,000) were treated with either methylphenidate or racemic amphetamine. Multivariate analysis suggested that the structure of the classroom was an essential risk factor for being treated with stimulants. The risk was higher in so-called "open schools" (no fixed walls between groups of students) than in schools with traditional classrooms (< 30 students in rooms separated by fixed walls). (Odds ratio: 5.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-26.4.) More detailed information was obtained from 47 of the 57 students; only one of whom was female. Teaching resources required for optimal pedagogical treatment were available for about one out of two of these 47 students. INTERPRETATION: Our results do not suggest that an inappropriately high proportion of students in the region are taking stimulants for AD/HD. On the contrary, AD/HD may be underdiagnosed and inadequately treated in girls. It seems likely that students with AD/HD are less likely to be treated with stimulants in schools with traditional classrooms, and our results also suggest a lack of teaching resources for these students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Inpatient psychiatric treatment of mothers with their children].

Proceeding from the increased incidence of postpartum psychiatric disorders the risk factors of postpartum psychosis and postpartum depression including cultural conditions will be described. In the following reasons for an inpatient treatment of mentally ill mothers together with their children are presented under the viewpoint of preventive treatment and illustrated by a clinical example. The psychotherapeutic and pedagogic oriented interventions during treatment will be demonstrated more precise reference to attachment theory. Finally the relevance of early intervention as well as the exchange and necessity of coordination between the involved institutions and occupational groups concerning the treatment of postpartum psychiatric disorders is pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Implementation and evaluation of a distance learning introductory course in medical informatics.

CONTEXT: There is a growing interest in and need for continuing education in medical informatics delivered by distance learning. OBJECTIVES: Implement and evaluate a distance learning introductory course in medical informatics. METHODS: A Web-based version of our on-campus "Introduction to Medical Informatics" course was implemented using streaming audio lectures, threaded discussion boards, and several other teaching modalities. Evaluation was performed using an adaptation of our on-campus course evaluation instrument. RESULTS: The course was implemented with no major technological or pedagogical problems. Student satisfaction with teaching modalities and other course modalities was high. CONCLUSIONS: The learning technologies used in this course were implemented successfully and a Graduate Certificate Program is planned to further meet educational needs in medical informatics.

Education, Distance↗
PubMed2001

Student-centered distance learning in health and medical informatics.

Learning and teaching of health and medical Informatics is currently supported by web based material, which in the main has been derived from traditional texts. Aided by contributions from the expert community, the web site of the handbook of Medical Informatics has been developed to incorporate increased interactivity (with question and answers related to each section). This approach has proved beneficial to both student and teacher. To further increase the interactivity of the WWW we investigate the suitability of authoring tools for developing complex simulations and interactive tutorials, using an example from the area of quantitative decision support (Bayes Theorem). We propose that these tools provide a suitable platform for the preparation and delivery of collaboratively produced HMI courses, which address open and distance learning and pedagogic issues.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1998

[Health and primary education in the regenerationist ideology at the open educational institution].

The objective of this work is to reconstruct the discourse of the authors who published about issues establishing links between health and primary education in the Boletin de la Institucion Libre de Ensenanza at the time of the Spanish colonial crisis in 1898. This source has been chosen due to its relevance to Spanish pedagogical renovation. Physical education was taken as a model for analysis for two reasons: firstly, it is the aspect that received the most attention; secondly, it became the engine for change in the renovation programme. In addition, its holistic nature was intended to lead to the new citizen that was needed by the country after the loss of the colonies.

Colonialism↗
PubMed1998

[The life of Henry E. Sigerist - academic scholarship vs. social activism].

The objective of this paper is to investigate chronologically the life of Sigerist as follows: (i) how Henry Sigerist (1891-1957) became interested in medical history, (ii) how he succeeded Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938) as professor of the history of medicine in the University of Leipzig, (iii) why he came to the Johns Hopkins in 1932, (iv) what he did for health care reform in the U.S. and Canada, (v) why he returned to his motherland in 1947, and (vi) how health professions have been globally influenced by his life. Based on the solid academic scholarship of medical history and sociology, Sigerest was energetically engaged in health care reform. What distinguished his social activism from other health care reformers is that wheras most health care reformers take the positivism-centered perspective to transform the existing health care system, Sigerist integrated historical vision with sociologically a pedagogic mission to pursue health care progress.

Germany↗