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Results for “Ovulation Induction”

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PubMed1991

Adjusting the dose to the individual response of the patient during the induction of ovulation with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

To identify the effective dose of intravenous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone necessary to induce ovulation in patients with chronic anovulation of diverse etiology, 40 women were subdivided into four groups: idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, normoandrogenic oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). During 90 treatment cycles, the dose was the only parameter that was progressively adjusted. The overall ovulation rate per cycle was 100% in IHH, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and normoandrogenic oligomenorrhea, using only 5 micrograms/90 minutes in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and normoandrogenic oligomenorrhea and up to 7.5 micrograms/90 minutes in IHH. In PCOS, the ovulation rate was 67.6%, using up to 20 micrograms/90 minutes. The lesser degree of effectiveness observed in PCOS can probably be explained by the different basal endocrine profile presented by these subjects.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1988

The effect of leuprolide acetate in aiding induction of ovulation in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism: a case report.

A 43-year-old woman with a history of 5 years of amenorrhea sought help in achieving a pregnancy. Her gonadotropins were found to be elevated and thus she was diagnosed as having ovarian failure. She was made to ovulate on many occasions by suppressing her gonadotropins first with estrogen, then stimulating her ovaries with hMG. However, she became refractory to this therapy and she was switched from estrogen to LA to suppress gonadotropins. The woman ovulated three times just with leuprolide therapy before any hMG was added. A possible hypothesis is that, on the way down to subnormal levels of LH and FSH, a critical level of gonadotropins was attained where they were still high enough to stimulate the follicles, but low enough to allow restoration of gonadotropin receptors, which previously had been down-regulated by the elevated gonadotropin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Bromocriptine for induction of ovulation in normoprolactinaemic post-pill anovulation.

19 women with anovulation after discontinuing oral contraceptive agents and with normal plasma-prolactin concentrations were treated with bromocriptine. Ovulation and menstruation were restored in 9 of the 13 amenorrhoeic and 5 of the 6 oligomenorrhoeic patients. The success-rate (74%) indicates that bromocriptine is an effective treatment for post-pill anovulation in normoprolactinaemic women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Spontaneous reduction of multiple pregnancy: incidence and effect on outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the incidence of spontaneous reduction in multiple pregnancies during the first 12 gestational weeks and determine the outcome of the surviving fetuses. STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of prospectively collected ultrasound and birth information on 709 multiple and 5962 singleton pregnancies conceived at a private infertility clinic. RESULTS: Spontaneous reduction of one or more gestational sacs and or embryos occurred before the 12th week of gestation in 36% of twin (95% CI, 32%-40%), 53% of triplet (95% CI, 44%-61%), and 65% of quadruplet (95% CI, 46%-85%) pregnancies. Reduction was less frequent after ovulation induction than after spontaneous ovulation. In general, pregnancy duration and birth weight were inversely related to the initial gestational sac number irrespective of the final birth number. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of patients with 3 or more gestational sacs had spontaneous reduction before 12 weeks. The surviving fetuses weighed less and were born earlier than unreduced pregnancies with the same initial number of fetuses.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1981

Induction of ovulation in seasonally anovular ewes by the introduction of rams: effects of progesterone and active immunization against androstenedione.

The effects of progesterone priming and active immunization against androstenedione on ovulation, oestrus ad premature luteal regression were observed in seasonally anovular Merino ewes which had been induced to ovulate by the introduction of rams. Ovulation was induced in 27 out of 36 ewes, and the response was not affected by either immunization or progesterone priming. The ovulation rate (mean number of ovulations per ewe ovulating) was higher in ewes immune to androstenedione, but there was no significant effect of this treatment on oestrus or luteal maintenance. Priming with progesterone prior to the introduction of rams prevented premature regression of the corpora lutea but had no effect on the other measures of reproductive function. If active immunization were to be applied on a commercial scale, it would not interfere with the practice of mating ewes during the anoestrous season. The increase in ovulation rate in these ewes, with no increase in the proportion of ewes ovulating, indicates that the mechanism for the control of ovulation is separate from that controlling ovulation rate. The mechanism by which progesterone pretreatment prevents premature luteal regression awaits further investigation.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed2006

Endometrial biopsy during induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The dichotomy between ovulation rates and pregnancy rates for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) prompted the present study to determine the effect of CC on endometrial maturity. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study of anovulatory women with PCOS (n = 119) on their third ovulatory cycle of CC and controls, 238 healthy regularly ovulating women whose partners had abnormal sperm, all of whom had an endometrial biopsy in the late luteal phase. RESULTS: Endometrial histology classified according to the classical Noyes criteria revealed out-of-phase endometrium in 19/119 (16%) of the CC group compared with 7/238 (3%) in controls (p < 0.0001). Duration of the luteal phase was not influenced by histological age of the endometrium. Endometrial biopsy performed during 138 conception cycles extracted from the database did not increase the miscarriage rate significantly (23.9%). CONCLUSIONS: CC treatment significantly increases the prevalence of out-of-phase endometrium and this could explain, in part, the large difference between ovulation and pregnancy rates. There was no correlation between the results of the endometrial biopsy and the duration of the luteal phase. Performing an endometrial biopsy during a conception cycle does not seem to have a significant negative effect on the outcome of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Synergistic induction of ovulation and prostaglandin synthesis in goldfish (Carassius auratus) follicles by sodium orthovanadate and hydrogen peroxide.

The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) on ovulation and prostaglandin (PG) production were investigated in goldfish (Carassius auratus) follicles. H2O2, at levels that did not stimulate ovulation, significantly increased the ability of Na3VO4 to induce ovulation. The enhancing effect of H2O2 on Na3VO4-induced (10 microM) ovulation was observed over a wide range of concentrations (0.3-19.2 ppm) but was maximal at 1.2-4.8 ppm. The H2O2 effect on ovulation diminished at concentrations greater than 4.8 ppm. Na3VO4 and H2O2 also stimulated prostaglandin E (PGE) and prostaglandin F (PGF) levels in incubates. An interactive effect of the two agents was significant only on PGE production. However, optimal H2O2/Na3VO4 concentrations for the stimulation of PG production were much higher than those for stimulating ovulation. In most incubations, Na3VO4-induced or Na3VO4/H2O2-induced ovulation was not inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (IM), but was blocked by the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Treatment of an Na3VO4/H2O2 mixture with catalase before the start of incubation totally abolished the enhancing effect of H2O2 on ovulation. This suggests that the enhancing effect of H2O2 on ovulation may not be a result of a chemical metabolite(s) produced by the two agents in mixture but rather is due to some direct effect of H2O2. This may have physiological significance in light of the published effects of H2O2 on various processes known to be involved in ovulation.

Animals↗