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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Zolpidem reduces postoperative pain, fatigue, and narcotic consumption following knee arthroscopy: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded study.

Sixty-eight patients undergoing outpatient knee arthroscopy for treatment of meniscal tears or loose bodies were divided into three treatment groups (zolpidem [24 patients], control [24 patients], and placebo [20 patients]). All groups received postoperative hydrocodone and ibuprofen. Patients in the zolpidem group received a single dose of zolpidem tartrate for the first seven postoperative nights. Patients in the placebo group received a gelatin capsule similar in appearance to zolpidem and patients in the control group received only hydrocodone and ibuprofen. Patients in the control group demonstrated significantly worse mean daily postoperative pain and more daily postoperative fatigue on visual analog scales when compared with the zolpidem group (P=.03 and P=.04, respectively). Patients in the placebo group had worse daily postoperative pain and more daily postoperative fatigue when compared to the zolpidem group, although these differences did not reach statistical significance (P=.15, power=0.6; and P=.27, power=0.48, respectively). Patients in the control group consumed significantly higher quantities of hydrocodone/acetaminophen postoperatively (P=.04) than patients in the zolpidem group. Finally, patients in the placebo group consumed higher quantities of hydrocodone/acetaminophen than the zolpidem group although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=.4; power=0.15). Power was calculated for each insignificant relationship based on observed effect and sample sizes and variances. This study demonstrates that sleep and fatigue may be an important factor in the effective pain management following knee arthroscopy. Future postoperative treatment regimens should address sleep and fatigue to maximize analgesic effects in these patients.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

[Sonographic detectability of narcotic drug containers in the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental research in the dog].

A "body-pack" is a swallowed plastic or rubber container used by drug smugglers to carry drugs. We report our experience in diagnoses of such packs in vivo. We simulated the pack by stuffing a fingerstall of a latex handglove with a mixture of 10% barium powder and flour to render it radiopaque. Eight serial examinations were made. In each series, an adult Alsatian dog was fed upto 10 such "body-packs". The passage of these packs through the gastrointestinal tract was followed with ultrasound examinations made at 2, 24, and 48 hours postprandially. Immediately after each sonographic localisation of "body-pack" was made, an x-ray examination of the abdomen in this region was also carried out. Ultrasound correctly determined the position of the "body-pack" in 20 out of 24 examinations as compared to x-ray results. In 4 cases ultrasound could not confirm the location of the "pack".

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Tolerance to opioid narcotics, II. Cellular tolerance to levorphanol in mouse brain.

Mice were made tolerant to a large dose of levorphanol, a congener of morphine. Then (3)H-levorphanol was given. The concentration of free, unchanged levorphanol in the brain water (ultrafiltrate) was found to be much higher than required to produce pharmacologic effects in nontolerant animals. The result indicates that tolerance arises from a diminished sensitivity to the drug at cellular or subcellular sites of drug action in the brain.

Animals↗